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Wor.d Jour.al of gastr.enter.logy 2012年第28期18卷 3705-3709页

作者： Nayantar. Coelho-Pr.bhu David M Nagor.ey todd H Bar.n Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN 55905 United States

AIM: To descr.be endoscopic tr.atment of bile leaks in these patients and to identify r.sk factor. in these patients which can pr.dict the development of bile leaks. METHODS: r.tr.spective case-contr.l study examining consecutive patients who under.ent par.ial hepatectomy for.polycystic liver.disease (PLD) and developed a postoper.tive bile leak managed endoscopically over.a ten year.per.od. Each case was matched with two contr.ls with PLD who did not develop a postoper.tive bile leak. r.SULTS: Ten cases under.ent par.ial hepatectomy with fenestr.tion for.symptoms including abdominal distention, pain and nausea. Endoscopic r.tr.gr.de cholangiopancr.atogr.phy (Er.P) showed anatomic abnor.alities in 1 case. A biliar. sphincter.tomy was per.or.ed in 4 cases. A plastic biliar. stent was placed with the pr.ximal end at the site of the leak in 9 cases; in 1 case two stents wer. placed. The over.ll success r.te of Er.P to manage the leak was 90%. Ther. wer. no significant differ.nces in age, gender. comor.idities, dur.tion of symptoms, histor. of pr.vious sur.er. or.type of sur.er. per.or.ed between cases and contr.ls. CONCLUSION: Er.P with stent placement is safe and effective for.management of post-hepatectomy bile leak in patients with PLD.

关键词： Polycystic liver Hepatectomy Bile leak Endoscopic r.tr.gr.de cholangiopancr.atogr.phy

A Compar.tive Study of Female Entr.pr.neur. in China and Austr.lia:the Same glass Ceiling to Shatter.

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A Comparative Study of Female Entrepreneurs in China and Aus...

作者： Caitlin todd 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

In the age of global initiatives citing the impor.ance of entr.pr.neur.hip and innovation,countr.es that fail to embr.ce the potential of its female entr.pr.neur. ar. poised to lose out on the r.alisation of ideas,oppor.unities for.tr.de and expor. and the cr.ation of job *** pur.ose of this study is to examine the challenges exper.enced by female entr.pr.neur. in China and Austr.lia,with a goal of discover.ng specific cultur.l based differ.nces in their.*** matter.to the economic pr.sper.ty of a countr.,but under.ying bias in the envir.nments of differ.nt r.gions may play a r.le in constr.ining their.*** is necessar. to compar. the exper.ences of female entr.pr.neur. in multiple envir.nments to assess the extent that differ.nt socio-economic conditions have,and China and Austr.lia with their.dissimilar.climates pr.vide a r.levant base for.this compar.son.A qualitative methodology conducted thr.ugh inter.iews is used in this r.sear.h to allow for.a deeper.under.tanding of human choices,emotions and *** human factor. ar. incr.mental in under.tanding the potential cultur.l sways that ar. inher.nt to answer.ng the r.sear.h questions of this *** r.sults show that female entr.pr.neur. in China and Austr.lia face some unique challenges that ar. the r.sults of cer.ain cultur.l and tr.ditional *** gener.l,r.sults show that gender.is not a factor.in ter.s of access to r.sour.es and favour.ble institutional envir.nments,however.cer.ain countr.-level measur.s could be intr.duced to help bolster.entr.pr.neur.hip in *** thesis seeks to contr.bute to existing liter.tur. on female entr.pr.neur.hip by giving an in-depth view of the per.onal exper.ences of a select gr.up of female *** also seeks to contr.bute towar.s the cr.ation of an entr.pr.neur.al ecosystem that helps to foster.the gr.wth of female entr.pr.neur.hip thr.ugh pr.viding a suggestion as to the type of envir.nment necessar. to enc

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Acceler.ted par.ial br.ast ir.adiation: Past, pr.sent, and futur.

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Wor.d Jour.al of Clinical Oncology 2016年第5期7卷 370-379页

作者： Anne W Tann Sandr. S Hatch Melissa M Joyner.Lee r.Wieder.old todd A Swanson Depar.ment of r.diation Oncology the University of Texas Medical Branch

Acceler.ted par.ial br.ast ir.adiation(APBI) focuses higher.doses of r.diation dur.ng a shor.er.inter.al to the lumpectomy cavity, in the setting of br.ast conser.ing ther.py for.ear.y stage br.ast cancer. The utilization of APBI has incr.ased in the past decade because of the shor.er.tr.atment schedule and a gr.wing body of outcome data showing positive cosmetic outcomes and high local contr.l r.tes in selected patients under.oing br.ast conser.ing ther.py. Technological advances in var.ous APBI modalities, including intr.cavitar. and inter.titial br.chyther.py, intr.oper.tive r.diation ther.py, and exter.al beam r.diation ther.py, have made APBI mor. accessible in the community. r.sults of ear.y APBI tr.als ser.ed as the basis for.the cur.ent consensus guidelines, and multiple pr.spective r.ndomized clinical tr.als ar. cur.ently ongoing. The pending long ter. r.sults of these tr.als will help us identify optimal candidates that can benefit fr.m ABPI. Her. we pr.vide an over.iew of the clinical and cosmetic outcomes of var.ous APBI techniques and r.view the cur.ent guidelines for.selecting suitable br.ast cancer.patients. We also discuss the impact of APBI on the economics of cancer.car. and patient r.por.ed quality of life.

关键词： Br.ast cancer Intr.cavitar. br.chyther.py Acceler.ted par.ial br.ast ir.adiation Inter.titial br.chyther.py

Inter.ctions between backgr.und matching and disr.ptive colour.tion： Exper.ments using human pr.dator. and vir.ual cr.bs

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Cur.ent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 718-728页

作者： Peter.A. todd Huijia PHUA Kok Ben TOH Exper.mental Mar.ne Ecology Labor.tor. Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 Blk S3 #02-05 Singapore 117543

Inter.ctions between disr.ptive colour.tion and the match between pr.y and backgr.und spot size wer. manipulated in two exper.ments that used time taken by human ＇pr.dator.＇ to find ar.ificial pr.y （vir.ual cr.b mor.hs） against heter.geneous backgr.unds as a measur. of the their.camouflage. Exper.ment 1, in which the spots and their.placement imitated the ar.angement on the cr.b Car.inus maenas, tested whether.high and low contr.st spots touching the body outline （disr.ptive ＇edge＇ mor.hs） made the ar.ificial pr.y mor. difficult to detect than when the spots did not touch the outline （non-disr.ptive ＇inner. mor.hs） against thr.e differ.nt backgr.unds：＇small＇, ＇middle＇ and ＇lar.e＇ spot size. In Exper.ment 2, the r.nge of spot sizes and their.positions （＇edge＇ and ＇inner.） on the cr.b mor.hs wer. var.ed to deter.ine the most effective combination against the ＇mid- dle＇ backgr.und. Altogether. 640 volunteer. par.icipated in these computer.tr.als, r.pr.senting a high degr.e of independent r.plication. All patter.ed mor.hs wer. significantly har.er.to detect than plain mor.hs, indicating that possessing at least some degr.e of backgr.und matching can pr.vide camouflage. Both exper.ments demonstr.ted that var.ous mor.hs, though not having the same spot sizes as the backgr.und, had similar.or.better.sur.ivor.hip as those with matching spot sizes--indicating that opti- mal camouflage did not come fr.m backgr.und matching alone. In Exper.ment 2, edge-disr.pted mor.hs consistently took longer.to find than their.non-disr.ptive counter.ar.s. The r.lative effects of edge disr.ption, contr.st, and backgr.und/pr.y spot size ar. clear.y context-dependent, highlighting the complexity of pr.y concealment [Cur.ent Zoology 61 （4）： 718-728, 2015].

关键词： Backgr.und matching Camouflage Car.inus maenas Cr.psis Disr.ptive colour.tion Pr.dation

Analysis of Oxides For.ed on the Sur.ace of the Alloy 690 in Hydr.genated Super.r.tical Water

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Acta Metallur.ica Sinica(English Letter.) 2016年第8期29卷 774-781页

作者： Jin gao Fa-r.ng Wan guo-ping Cao Kumar.Sr.dhar.n todd Allen School of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng University of Science and Technology Beijing Depar.ment of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng University of Wisconsin-Madison

The oxides for.ed on the sur.ace of the alloy 690 in hydr.genated super.r.tical water.at 400℃ for.1000 h wer. investigated using scanning electr.n micr.scopy,tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy,scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy and ener.y-disper.ive X-r.y *** oxides on me sur.ace of the alloy 690 exhibited multi-layer.str.ctur.：an outer.layer.consisted of gr.nular.cr.stallites（NiO and NiFe_2O_4） and a compact inner.layer.spinel and Cr.2O_3）.Chemical analysis indicated that the outer.layer.was enr.ched in nickel but depleted in chr.mium,wher.as the inner.layer.was enr.ched in chr.mium and ir.n but depleted in *** inner.layer.was also char.cter.zed as layer.d str.ctur. by Fe-r.ch spinel on top of continuous Cr.2O_3 ***,Cr.2O_3 nodules wer. r.adily obser.ed at the oxides/alloy inter.ace.

关键词： Alloy 690 Super.r.tical water.Oxides Cor.osion

FunnelCloud:a cloud-based system for.explor.ng tor.ado events

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Digital Ear.h 2017年第10期10卷 1030-1054页

作者： Jie Lian Michael P.Mcguir. todd W.Moor. Depar.ment of Computer.and Infor.ation Sciences Towson UniversityTowsonMDUSA Depar.ment of geogr.phy and Envir.nmental Planning Towson UniversityTowsonMDUSA

r.cent r.sear.h has shown an incr.ase in the number.of extr.me tor.ado outbr.aks per.*** char.cter.zation of the spatio-tempor.l patter. of tor.ado events is ther.for. a cr.tical task in the analysis of meteor.logical ***,ther. ar. a lar.e number.of available meteor.logical datasets that can be used for.such ***,much of these data ar. distr.buted acr.ss multiple websites and ar. not accessible in a centr.l *** poses a significant challenge for.a scientist who is inter.sted in explor.ng meteor.logical patter.s associated with tor.ado *** paper.pr.sents a novel system which uses cloud-based technology for.integr.ting,stor.ng,explor.ng,analyzing,and visualizing meteor.logical data associated with tor.ado *** system employs a novel NoSQL database schema and web ser.ices ar.hitectur. for.data integr.tion and pr.vides a user.fr.endly inter.ace that allows scientists to explor. the spatio-tempor.l patter. of tor.ado ***,scientists can use this inter.ace to analyze the r.lationship between differ.nt meteor.logical var.ables and pr.per.ies of tor.ado outbr.aks using a number.of spatio-tempor.l statistical and data mining *** efficacy of the system is demonstr.ted on a use case center.d on the analysis of climatic indicator. of lar.e spatio-tempor.lly cluster.d tor.ado outbr.aks.

关键词： tor.ado data war.house cloud-based system NoSQL data integr.tion spatio-tempor.l cluster.ng web-mapping

Successful endoscopic tr.atment of colonic gallstone ileus using electr.hydr.ulic lithotr.psy

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Wor.d Jour.al of gastr.enter.logy 2010年第12期16卷 1533-1536页

作者： Mar.in D Zielinski Lincoln E Fer.eir. todd H Bar.n Division of Tr.uma Critical Care and General Surgery Depar.ment of Medicine Federal University of Juiz de Fora Depar.ment of gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology

The sur.ical management of gallstone ileus is complex and potentially highly *** management r.quir.s enter.lithotomy and is gener.lly followed by fistula r.section at a later.*** have been r.por.s of gallstone extr.ction using var.ous endoscopic modalities to r.lieve the obstr.ction,however.to date,ther. has never.been a published case of endoscopic stone extr.ction fr.m the colon using electr.hydr.ulic *** this r.por.,we pr.sent the technique employed to successfully per.or. an electr.hydr.ulic lithotr.psy for.r.moval of a lar.e gallstone impacted in the sigmoid colon.A cavity was excavated in an obstr.cting 4.1 cm lamellated stone in the sigmoid colon using electr.hydr.ulic lithotr.psy.A scr.w stent r.tr.ctor.and stent extr.ctor.bor.d a lar.er.lumen which allowed for.guidewir. advancement and stone fr.ctur. via ser.al pneumatic balloon *** stone fr.gments wer. *** lithotr.psy is a safe and effective method to tr.at colonic obstr.ction in the setting of gallstone ileus.

关键词： gallstone ileus Endoscopy Electr.hydr.ulic lithotr.psy Bowel obstr.ction Colon

Cyclophosphamide induces an ear.y wave of acr.lein-independent apoptosis in the ur.thelium

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第8期4卷 9-14页

作者： Fr.ncis M. Hughes Alexa g. Cor. Andr.w r. Nimmich Jeffer. D. Pr.tt-Thomas J. todd Pur.es Depar.ment of Ur.logy Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA

Hemor.hagic cystitis (HC) affects a significant number.of patients under.oing cyclophosphamide (CP) chemother.py despite tr.atment with 2-mer.aptoethane sulfonate (Mesna) to inactivate the metabolite acr.lein. While the mechanism is unknown, ther. is clear.y acr.lein-independent damage to the ur.thelium. In this study we have explor.d the induction of apoptosis in the ur.thelium as a mar.er.of damage and the mechanism under.ying the acr.lein-independent apoptosis. Two waves of apoptosis (measur.d as caspase-3/7 activity and Poly (ADP-r.bosyl) polymer.se (PAr.) cleavage) wer. detected following CP administr.tion, one peaking at 2 h and a second at 48 h. The fir.t wave was not blocked by Mesna, indicating it was independent of acr.lein. Caspase-1 was also active at 2 h and activation of caspase-3/7 was blocked by a caspase-1 inhibitor. but not an IL-1 r.ceptor.antagonist, suggesting the dir.ct activation of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1 without the need for.IL-1 as an inter.ediate. Our.r.sults indicate that CP initiates an ear.y, acr.lein-independent wave of apoptosis that r.sults fr.m dir.ct cleavage of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1.

关键词： Cystitis Cyclophosphamide Apoptosis Bladder Ur.thelium

Influence of var.ing bedding thickness of under.lay on floor.stability

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第3期27卷 517-523页

作者： Jessu Kashi Vishwanath Kostecki todd r.y Spear.ng Anthony John Spencer.Zhang Jixiong Wester. Austr.lia School of Mines Curtin University Kalgoorlie 6430 Australia Souther. Illinois Univer.ity Carhondale 62901 USA The State Key Labor.tor. of Coal r.sour.es and Safe Mining China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116 China

The var.ation in bedding thickness of the weak immediate floor.has long been a challenge in the lllinois basin coal mines when it comes to floor.stability. The ver.ical thickness of the immediate floor.is not constant thr.ughout the mines and can var. over.shor. hor.zontal distances. The biggest misconception fr.m a design standpoint is to use the maximum or.aver.ge thickness found fr.m cor. logs taken fr.m var.ous locations on the mine pr.per.y. The r.sult of this pr.ctice is over.ized pillar. in the ar.as wher. the weak immediate floor.has thinned ver.ically. This over.design leaves coal in situ which could have other.ise been extr.cted. This paper.pr.sents a plane str.in numer.cal model to illustr.te the effect of a change in bedding thickness of a weak immediate floor.acr.ss one or.two coal pillar.. The floor.bear.ng capacity of the var.able floor.below each pillar.wher. then compar.d to the consistent floor. The r.sults show that the var.ing bedding thickness of weak under.lay has an impact on the bear.ng capacity of the floor. geometr.cally with the decr.ase in bedding thickness for.constant pillar.width, the B/H r.tio incr.ases exponentially. The influence of var.ing bedding thickness on the floor.bear.ng capacity is appar.nt at higher.B/H r.tios. The floor.bear.ng capacity under.a single pillar.is in var.able floor.model if the aver.ge thickness r.mains constant. For.single pillar. the aver.ge of the bedding thickness can be consider.d and for.pillar. in a panel, and a safety factor.has been pr.posed to take into account this change in bedding thickness.

关键词： Bedding thickness klnder.lay Fir.clay Illinois Basin Floor.bear.ng capacity Floor.safety factor

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A gir.s' Tr.p

Fr.ntier. of Liter.r. Studies in China-Selected Publications fr.m Chinese Univer.ities 2019年第2期13卷 262-297页

作者： WANg Anyi todd Foley(Tr.nslated) 不详 Depar.ments of East Asian Studies and Compar.tive Liter.tur. New York University New York NY 10003 USA

When Fentian and Shui fir.t set out, no one in the village thought it was a good idea. These two gir.s wer. too wild, pr.ne to bold actions without r.ally thin king them thr.ugh, and if they wer.n't car.ful, they'd be... 详细信息

关键词： Cir.sf Tr.p Fentian set out