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Ophthalmic manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii species complex:a case series and review of the literature

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 119-127页

作者： Grace A.McCabe Jack W.McHugh todd Goodwin Douglas F.Johnson Anthony Fok Thomas G.Campbell Department of Ophthalmology the Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoria 3050Australia Department of Internal Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55902USA James Cook University TownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia NQ Eye Foundation TownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia Department of Infectious Disease the Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoria 3050Australia Department of Neurology the Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourneVictoria 3050Australia Centre for Eye Research Australia East MelbourneVictoria 3002Australia Ophthalmology Department of Surgerythe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3010Australia

AIM:To report 4 cases of Cryptococcus gattii(***)species complex infection with diverse ophthalmic manifestations,and to review the literature to examine pathobiology of disease,classical ophthalmic presentations and outcomes,and treatment modalities for this emerging ***:Cases of *** meningoencephalitis with ophthalmic manifestations were identified via chart review at two institutions in Australia and one institution in the mid-west region of the United States and are reported as a case ***,a MEDLINE literature review was conducted to identify all reported cases of *** with ophthalmic manifestations from *** were reviewed and tabulated,together with our series of patients,in this ***:Four cases of *** with ophthalmic manifestations are presented;three from Australia and one from the USA.A literature review identified a total of 331 cases of *** with visual *** majority of cases occurred in immunocompetent *** vision and diplopia were the most common presenting symptoms,with papilloedema the most common sign,reported in 10%-50%of *** loss was reported in 10%-53%of cases,as compared to rates of visual loss of 1%-9%in *** *** intracranial pressure,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)fungal burden,and abnormal neurological exam at presentation correlated with poor visual *** mainstays of treatment are anti-fungal agents and aggressive management of intracranial hypertension with serial lumbar *** diversion procedures should be considered for refractory *** and mannitol are associated with high complication rates,and adjuvant corticosteroids have demonstrated higher mortality rates;these treatments should be ***:permanent visual loss represents a devastating yet potentially preventable sequelae of *** *** hypertension needs to be recognised early and aggressively ***

关键词： Cryptococcus Cryptococcus gattii cryptococcosis ophthalmic manifestation

Effectiveness of Combined Biochar and Lignite with poultry Litter on Soil Carbon Sequestration and Soil Health

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第2期13卷 124-149页

作者： Ardeshir Adeli John p. Brooks Dana Miles todd Mlsna Read Quentin Johnie N. Jenkins USDA-ARS Mississippi USA Mississippi State University Mississippi USA USDA-ARS-SEA Genetics and Sustainable Agricultural Research Unit Mississippi USA

Healthy soils are important to ensure satisfactory crop growth and yield. poultry litter (pL), as an organic fertilizer, has proven to supply the soil with essential macro and micronutrients, enhance soil fertility, and improve crop productivity. Integrating this treatment has the potential to improve soil physical and biological properties by increasing soil carbon, C. However, rapid decomposition and mineralization of pL, particularly in the hot and humid southeastern U.S., resulted in losing C and reduced its effect on soil health. Biochar and lignite have been proposed to stabilize and mitigate C loss through application of fresh manure. However, their combined effects with pL on C sequestration and soil health components are limited. A field experiment was conducted on Leeper silty clay loam soil from 2017 to 2020 to evaluate the combined effect on soil properties when applying biochar and lignite with pL to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experimental design was a randomized complete block involving nine treatments replicated three times. Treatments included pL and inorganic nitrogen, N, fertilizer with or without biochar and lignite, and an unfertilized control. Application rates were 6.7 Mgkg⋅ha−1p> for pL, 6.7 Mgkg⋅ha−1p>p> for biochar and lignite and 134 kg⋅ha−1p>p>p> for inorganic N fertilizer. Integration of pL and inorganic fertilizer with biochar and lignite, resulted in greater soil infiltration, aggregate stability, plant available water, reduced bulk density and penetration resistance as compared to the sole applications of pL and inorganic fertilizer.

关键词： Soil Health Lignite Biochar poultry Litter

Between Human and Animal： A Study of New Year＇s Sacrifice, Kong YijL and Diary of a Madman

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第3期6卷 374-392页

作者： todd Foley Department of East Asian Studies New York University New York NY 10003 USA

A subtle aspect of Lu Xun＇s writing, running through several of his works of fiction, is his animalistic portrayal of some of his most well-known characters. Scraping away their humanity as he writes, Lu Xun depicts Kong Yiji, Xianglin Sao, and the infamous Madman crawling on their hands and knees, working like draught animals, and abandoning all rational thought. In short, all three end up occupying an ambiguous space between the realms of human and animal. This paper attempts to examine how Lu Xun＇s description and situation of these characters suggests, aside from the standard agendas of May Fourth writing in general, a certain, shared metaphysical conundrum. Drawing on the work of Giorgio Agamben to take the hiatus between human and animal as an occasion for ontological possibility, I will investigate how the dehumanized portrayal of these characters situates them at the threshold of a new becoming： one which has not yet been realized, but which is also rendered impossible either through the character＇s death or return to health. Examining Lu Xun＇s works in this way not only recognizes his major emphasis on social critique, but suggests both that his thought on Chinese society pierces through to the level of metaphysical inquiry, and that the relationship between human and animal marks a productive entry point for this sort of questioning.

关键词： Lu Xun animality Agamben metaphysics Kong Yiji Xianglin Sao Madman

The Influence and Implications of Climate Change on Water Quality in a Large Water Reservoir in the Southwest, USA

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American Journal of Climate Change 2022年第3期11卷 197-229页

作者： Deena Hannoun todd Tietjen Keely Brooks Southern Nevada Water Authority Henderson NV USA

Maintaining water quality in large reservoirs is crucial to ensure continued delivery of high-quality water to consumers for municipal and agricultural needs. Lake Mead, a large reservoir in the desert southwest, USA, is projected to be affected by both loss of volume and rising air temperatures through the end of the 21p>stp> century. In this study, reductions in lake volume, coupled with downscaled climate projections for rising air temperatures through the end of the 21p>stp> century, are incorporated into the 3D hydrodynamic and water quality model for Lake Mead. If current management practices continue in the future, simulations indicate water temperatures will increase in all scenarios and could increase by as much 2℃under the most pessimistic scenarios, but nutrient loads would not increase to concerning levels. Releases from the dam to downstream users are projected to be much warmer, and warmer water temperatures and significant dissolved oxygen in the water column are expected to cause challenges for ecosystem and recreation in the future. Surprisingly, during the Winter and Autumn, retention of heat in Lake Mead is more pronounced at higher surface elevations than the lower elevations as expected. The effects of these projections on the lake water quality and consequently, lake management decisions, are discussed.

关键词： Climate Change Lake Management Water Quality Modeling Lake Mead AEM3D

Modeling endodermal organ development and diseases using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2020年第8期12卷 580-592页

作者： Fong Cheng pan todd Evans Shuibing Chen Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065USA

Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells(hpSCs)to defined lineages,in combination with 3D organoid technology,have facilitated the generation of various endoderm-derived organoids for in vitro modeling of human gastrointestinal development and associated *** this review,we discuss current state-ofthe-art strategies for generating hpSC-derived endodermal organoids including stomach,liver,pancreatic,small intestine,and colonic *** also review the advantages of using this system to model various human diseases and evaluate the shortcomings of this ***,we emphasize how other technologies,such as genome editing and bioengineering,can be incorporated into the 3D hpSC-organoid models to generate even more robust and powerful platforms for understanding human organ development and disease modeling.

关键词： human pluripotent stem cells endoderm gastrointestinal development disease modeling

Dietary resistant starch ameliorating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in meat ducks associated with the alteration in gut microbiome and glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1945-1958页

作者： Simeng Qin Weiqiang Bai todd JApplegate Keying Zhang Gang Tian Xuemei Ding Shiping Bai Jianping Wang Li Lv Huanwei peng Yue Xuan Qiufeng Zeng Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Department of poultry Science University of Georgia110 Cedar StAthensGA 30602USA

Background:Consumption of resistant starch(RS)has been associated with various intestinal and systemic health benefits,but knowledge of its effects on intestinal health and inflammatory response in stressed birds is ***,we examined how dietary RS supplementation from 12%raw potato starch(RpS)modulated inflammatory severity induced by lipopolysaccharide(LpS)in meat ***:LpS administration at 14,16,and 18 d(chronic challenge)decreased body weight(BW)and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLp-1R)level with higher intestinal permeability and inflammation,evident by higher proinflammatory cytokine *** 12%RpS supplementation enhanced Claudin-1 and GLp-1R expression,along with lower levels of inflammatory factors in both ileum and *** analysis showed that RS treatment shifted microbial structure reflected by enriched the proportion of Firmicutes,Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,*** RS addition also significantly increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate during chronic LpS ***,response to acute challenge,the ducks received 2 mg/kg BW LpS at 14 d had higher concentrations of serum endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines,as well as upregulated transcription of toll like receptor 4(TLR4)in ileum when compared to control *** to GLp-1 agonist liraglutide,dietary RS addition decreased endotoxins and inflammation cytokines,whereas it upregulated the GLp-1 synthesis related genes ***,dietary RS supplementation suppressed the acute LpS challenge-induced TLR4 ***:These data suggest that dietary 12%RpS supplementation could attenuate the LpS-induced inflammation as well as intestinal injury of meat ducks,which might involve in the alteration in gut microbiota,SCFAs production and the signaling pathways of TLR4 and GLp-1/GLp-1R.

关键词： GLp-1 Inflammatory response Intestinal integrity Microbiota Resistant starch

A Breakthrough performance： Being Human on Can Xue＇s Five Spice Street

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第4期10卷 598-622页

作者： todd Foley Department of East Asian Studies New York University New York NY 10003 USA

Of the many forms of literary experimentation that arose in China during the 198os, Can Xue＇s writing stands out as some of the strangest and most enigmatic. This article intends to examine her most significant work from that period, Five Spice Street （Wuxiang jie; first published under the title Breakthrough performance [Tuwei biaoyan]）, in light of one of the major intellectual concerns in literature at the time： the question of the human. Through a close reading of the novel, I investigate the ways in which Can Xue interrogates and destabilizes the notion of the human with regard to the relationship between subject and object, corporeality, animality, sexuality, language, and time. Overall, I suggest that while Can Xue succeeds in offering a unique and provocative conceptualization of the human in Five Spice Street, she also refrains from ＂breaking through＂ the general realm of humanist discourse current at the time.

关键词： Can Xue Five Spice Street (Wuxiang jie) human physicality subjective reality

ZONAL AND MERIDIONAL CIRCULATIONS IN THE EQUA-TORIALZONE AS DEDUCED FROM THE DIVERGENCE FIELD OF THE SURFACE WIND

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1987年第4期4卷 432-446页

作者：王绍武,todd p.Mitchell,John M.Wallace Department of Geophysics peking University todd p. Mitchell and John M. Wallace Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A. Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A. Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A.

The zonal and meridional circulations and their variability arc examined on the basis of the surface wind data for 1950-1979. The climatological mean zonal wind and its divergence arc examined in reference to the Walker Circulation. The role played by the meridional circulation in contributing to convergence of the surface wind field within the equatorial zone is emphasized. Regression coefficients are used to infer seasonal mean anomalies of divergence of the surface wind in years when the sea level pressure is 1 hpa above normal at Darwin, a condition representative of El Nino events. It is shown that anomalies in the divergence associated with the meridional wind component are primarily responsible for the heavy precipitation in the Central pacific, while the anomalous divergence associated with the zonal wind component may cause the drought in the Western pacific near Indonesia. A similar pattern of divergence anomalies is evident during three consecutive seasons beginning in northern summer and end

关键词： Nino over ZONAL AND MERIDIONAL CIRCULATIONS IN THE EQUA-TORIALZONE AS DEDUCED FROM THE DIVERGENCE FIELD OF THE SURFACE WIND

How profitable is switchgrass in Illinois, USA? An economic definition of marginal land

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Grassland Research 2022年第2期1卷 111-122页

作者： Nictor Namoi David Archer todd S.Rosenstock Chunhwa Jang Cheng‐Hsien Lin Arvid Boe DoKyoung Lee Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service Northern Great Plains Research LaboratoryMandanNorth DakotaUSA World Agroforestry Center NairobiKenya Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung CityTaiwanChina Department of Agronomy Horticultureand Plant ScienceSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA

Background:Decisions regarding the conversion of land from an existing crop to bioenergy crops are critical for the sustainable production of both food and *** study seeks to establish criteria for delineating land as“economically marginal”,and thus suited for growing ***:In this case study of an Illinois agricultural field,the profitability of switchgrass,with farmgate prices of$44 Mg−1,$66 Mg−1,or$88 Mg−1,was compared to corn and soybean crop ***,the study also evaluates the profitability of switchgrass when replacing corn‐based yield estimates from the Soil productivity Index(SpI)of ***:Based on a dry‐matter yield of 10.45 Mg ha−1,switchgrass can compete with soybeans only at the high price of$88 Mg−1,but depending on location,can compete with corn at$66 Mg−*** Illinois,at$88 ha−1,all Illinois land with SpIpI class C(SpI 100–116)is profitable under *** may not be profitable relative to corn grown in the SpI class A(SpI>133)and only 7%of class B(SpI 117–132).Conclusions:Our results show that land with drainage and erosion limitations is economically marginal when corn and soybean yields are low,and the farmgate price for switchgrass is greater than$66 Mg−***,this may not be possible on land where switchgrass is replacing frequent soybean rotations(corn–soybean ratio≤1).Land used to produce only soybeans may only be marginal at the farmgate price of$88 Mg−*** studies need to be conducted to identify how much land can be converted to switchgrass without harming corn production.

关键词： bioenergy economically marginal marginal land Soil productivity Index(SpI) switchgrass