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Expression of an endoglucanase from Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1 ） in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 609-618页

作者： Derek Shirley Cris Oppert todd B. Reynolds Bethany Miracle Brenda Oppert William E. Klingeman Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Department of Entomology and plant pathology University of Tennessee Department of Microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 USDA-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Manhattan KS 66502 Department of plant Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Insects are a largely unexploited resource in prospecting for novel cellulolytic enzymes to improve the production of ethanol fuel from lignocellulosic biomass. The cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production is expected to decrease by the combination of cellulose degradation （saccharification） and fermentation of the resulting glucose to ethanol in a single process, catalyzed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express efficient cellulases. While S. cerevisiae is an established heterologous expression system, there are no available data on the functional expression of insect cellulolytic enzymes for this species. To address this knowledge gap, S. cerevisiae was transformed to express the full-length cDNA encoding an endoglucanase from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1）, and evaluated the activity of the transgenic product （rTcEG 1）. Expression of the TcEG1 cDNA in S. cerevisiae was under control of the strong glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Cultured transformed yeast secreted rTcEG1 protein as a functional β-1,4-endoglucanase, which allowed transformants to survive on selective media containing cellulose as the only available carbon source. Evaluation of substrate specificity for secreted rTcEG1 demonstrated endoglucanase activity, although some activity was also detected against complex cellulose substrates. potentially relevant to uses in biofuel production rTcEG1 activity increased with pH conditions, with the highest activity detected at pH 12. Our results demonstrate the potential for functional production of an insect cellulase in S. cerevisiae and confirm the stability of rTcEG1 activity in strong alkaline environments.

关键词： biofuels insect cellulase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tribolium castaneum yeast

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Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants:A review of plant tannin mitigation options

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 231-246页

作者： Byeng R.Min Sandra Solaiman Heidi M.Waldrip David parker Richard W.todd David Brauer United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)BushlandTX79012USA Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL36088USA

Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate *** technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH4 *** production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention *** to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH4 from cattle,sheep,and *** emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency *** some CH4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo,more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production *** objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds(e.g.,plant tannins)affect ruminal microbiota,reduce CH4 emission,and the effects on host ***,this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis,which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.

关键词： Feed efficiency Greenhouse gas(GHG)emission Methanogenesis Tannin Ruminant

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Flash ActionScript 3.0实训课堂 1

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2008年

作者：（美）todd perkins

Flash是目前应用最广泛的一款动画制作软件，Adobe Flash CS3是其最新版本，而该软件中内置的ActionScript 3.0则是动画实现中的出色编程语言。本书通过实际的示例介绍了该编程语言的基本功能。全书共12章，依次介绍了函数、事件、类等... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787115181855

Flash是目前应用最广泛的一款动画制作软件，Adobe Flash CS3是其最新版本，而该软件中内置的ActionScript 3.0则是动画实现中的出色编程语言。本书通过实际的示例介绍了该编程语言的基本功能。全书共12章，依次介绍了函数、事件、类等基本概念，各种判断语句、数学函数、文本和数组，最后还介绍了高级图形和动画工具，以及如何处理多媒体和高级交互性。　　本书图文并茂，采用手把手的教学模式，并用实际的游戏作为示例来综合运用各种知识，是ActionScript初中级读者的必备书籍。

关键词：图形软件,FLASH ACTIONSCRIpT 3.0 设计动画

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断裂方式对氧化铝基复合陶瓷耐磨性的影响

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无机材料学报 2007年第3期22卷 493-498页

作者：张福成罗海辉 Roberts Steve-G todd Richard-I 燕山大学亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室秦皇岛066004 Department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX1 3PHUK.

通过磨粒磨损试验测定了氧化铝陶瓷、氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性．利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了样品的微观结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了样品的断口形貌和磨损表面的剥落情况．研究了断裂方式对... 详细信息

通过磨粒磨损试验测定了氧化铝陶瓷、氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性．利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了样品的微观结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了样品的断口形貌和磨损表面的剥落情况．研究了断裂方式对磨损表面剥落和耐磨性的影响．结果表明:氧化铝陶瓷的磨损主要由断裂磨损机制控制,氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷的磨损主要由塑性磨损机制控制,氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷受这两种磨损机制共同作用．相对于氧化铝陶瓷,氧化铝／碳化硅复合陶瓷和氧化铝／莫来石复合陶瓷的耐磨性提高2-4倍,这主要是由于其断裂方式转变为以穿晶断裂为主,减少了磨损面的脆性剥落．

关键词：氧化铝复合陶瓷耐磨性断裂方式

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Supplier Selection and Management

Supplier Selection and Management

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中国质协2001年学术年会暨第二届中美质量管理交流研讨会

作者： todd

Z-I质量委员会和美国Technical AdvisoryGroup(USTAG)到这国际质量标准技术委员会组织Organization for StandardizationTechnical Committee On Quality (ISOTC176)的一个会员.todd先生是USSubcommittee 1(SC 1)两任的质量术语主席。

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Bioelectronic protein nanowire sensors for ammonia detection

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1479-1484页

作者： Alexander F.Smith Xiaomeng Liu Trevor L.Woodard Tianda Fu todd Emrick Juan M.Jiménez Derek R.Lovley Jun Yao Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Microbiology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of polymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Institute for Applied Life Sciences(IALS) University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Electronic sensors based on biomaterials can lead to novel green technologies that are low cost,renewable,and *** we demonstrate bioelectronic ammonia sensors made from protein nanowires harvested from the microorganism Geobacter *** nanowire sensor responds to a broad range of ammonia concentrations(10 to 10^6 ppb),which covers the range relevant for industrial,environmental,and biomedical *** sensor also demonstrates high selectivity to ammonia compared to moisture and other common gases found in human *** results provide a proof-of-concept demonstration for developing protein nanowire based gas sensors for applications in industry,agriculture,environmental monitoring,and healthcare.

关键词： nanowire protein nanowire biomaterial bioelectronics biosensor ammonia sensor

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On Merging Cover Inequalities for Multiple Knapsack problems

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Open Journal of Optimization 2015年第4期4卷 141-155页

作者： Randal Hickman todd Easton Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy West Point USA Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Department Kansas State University Manhattan USA

This paper describes methods to merge two cover inequalities and also simultaneously merge multiple cover inequalities in a multiple knapsack instance. Theoretical results provide conditions under which merged cover inequalities are valid. polynomial time algorithms are created to find merged cover inequalities. A computational study demonstrates that merged inequalities improve the solution times for benchmark multiple knapsack instances by about 9% on average over CpLEX with default settings.

关键词： Multiple Knapsack problem Cutting plane Cover Inequality Inequality Merging pseudocost Integer programming

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promise and pitfalls of modeling grassland soil moisture in a free-air CO_(2) enrichment experiment(BioCON)using the SHAW model

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pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 783-795页

作者： Raquel H.FLINKER M.Bayani CARDENAS todd G.CALDWELL Gerald N.FLERCHINGER Roy RICH peter B.REICH Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78712(USA) Bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78713(USA) Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureBoise 83712(USA) Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater 20137(USA) Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.Paul 55108(USA) Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2753(Australia)

Free-air carbon dioxide(CO_(2))enrichment(FACE)experiments provide an opportunity to test models of heat and water flow under novel,controlled situations and eventually allow use of these models for hypothesis *** study assesses whether the United States Department of Agriculture SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)numerical model of vertical one-dimensional soil water flow across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is able to adequately represent and explain the effects of increasing atmospheric CO_(2) on soil moisture dynamics in temperate *** in a FACE experiment,the Bio CON(Biodiversity,CO_(2),and Nitrogen)experiment,in Minnesota,USA,were compared with results of vertical soil moisture *** scenarios represented by different plots were assessed:bare,vegetated with ambient CO_(2),and similarly vegetated with high CO_(2).From the simulations,the bare plot soil was generally the wettest,followed by a drier high-CO_(2) vegetated plot,and the ambient CO_(2) plot was the *** SHAW simulations adequately reproduced the expected behavior and showed that vegetation and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration significantly affected soil moisture *** differences in modeled soil moisture amongst the plots were largely due to transpiration,which was low with high CO_(2).However,the modeled soil moisture only modestly reproduced the ***,while SHAW is able to replicate and help broadly explain soil moisture dynamics in a FACE experiment,its application for point-and time-specific simulations of soil moisture needs further *** typical design of a FACE experiment makes the experimental observations challenging to model with a one-dimensional distributed *** addition,FACE instrumentation and monitoring will need improvement in order to be a useful platform for robust model *** after this can we recommend that models such as SHAW are adequate for process interpretation of datasets from FACE exp

关键词： carbon dioxide FACE experiment soil water flow vadose zone vegetation

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选择、自我表达与选择扩散效应

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心理学报 2009年第8期41卷 753-762页

作者：曹文陈红高笑 todd Jackson 西南大学心理学院重庆400715 西南大学认知与人格教育部重点实验室重庆400715 School of psychology James Cook University Townsville Australia

自我表达会影响西方人的态度,产生选择扩散效应。国外相关的跨文化研究发现东方人不存在该效应。通过4个实验研究中国文化下自我表达对选择态度的影响,发现选择方式(主动、被动)和自我表达形式(直接、间接)对选择态度产生影响。无论是... 详细信息

自我表达会影响西方人的态度,产生选择扩散效应。国外相关的跨文化研究发现东方人不存在该效应。通过4个实验研究中国文化下自我表达对选择态度的影响,发现选择方式(主动、被动)和自我表达形式(直接、间接)对选择态度产生影响。无论是自己的主动选择还是强加的被动选择,直接的自我表达会增加对所获对象的喜爱程度,表现为对获得性的肯定。研究者认为,两种选择方式下不同的心理加工过程导致了这种获得性:直接表达使个人态度暴露在外,进行主动选择时要对他人的给予做出肯定回应;而进行被动选择时,人们要减缓因利益受损可能导致的失调,同时中国文化下的面子策略也使人们增加对所获对象的喜爱程度。不过,间接的自我表达对选择态度的影响不明显。研究者认为,多个影响因素的相互消长使选择态度得以维持。

关键词：选择自我表达选择扩散效应获得性

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Analysis of Transcriptome Changes Induced by ptr ToxA in Wheat provides Insights into the Mechanisms of plant Susceptibility

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Molecular plant 2009年第5期2卷 1067-1083页

作者： Iovanna pandelova Melania F. Betts Viola A. Manning Larry J. Wilhelm todd C. Mockler Lynda M. Ciuffetti Department of Botany and plant pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA

To obtain greater insight into the molecular events underlying plant disease susceptibility, we studied transcriptome changes induced by a host-selective toxin of pyrenophora tritici-repentis, ptr ToxA （ToxA）, on its host plant, wheat. Transcriptional profiling of ToxA-treated leaves of a ToxA-sensitive wheat cultivar was performed using the GeneChip Wheat Genome Array. An improved and up-to-date annotation of the wheat microarray was generated and a new tool for array data analysis （BRAT） was developed, and both are available for public use via a web-based interface. Our data indicate that massive transcriptional reprogramming occurs due to ToxA treatment, including cellular responses typically associated with defense. In addition, this study supports previous results indicating that ToxA-induced cell death is triggered by impairment of the photosynthetic machinery and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Based on results of this study, we propose that ToxA acts as both an elicitor and a virulence factor.

关键词： Gene expression transcriptome analysis defense responses fungal pathogenesis plant-microbe interactions host-selective toxin.

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