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A unique subseafloor microbiosphere in the Mariana Trench driven by episodic sedimentation

Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 168-181页

作者： j.wen Liu Da-Wei Li Xinxin He Ronghua Liu Haoj.n cheng chenglong Su Mengna chen Yonghong Wang Zhongsheng Zhao Hanyue Xu Zhangyu cheng Zicheng Wang Nikolai Pedentchouk David j.Lea-Smith j.nathan D.todd Xiaoshou Liu Meixun Zhao Xiao-Hua Zhang Frontiers Science center for Deep ocean Multispheres and Earth System and College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Key Laboratory of Marine chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education/College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Physical oceanography Ministry of Education/Research Vessel CentreOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK

Hadal trenches are characterized by enhanced and infrequent high-rate episodic sedimentation events that likely introduce not only labile organic carbon and key nutrients but also new microbes that significantly alter the subseafloor ***,the role of high-rate episodic sedimentation in controlling the composition of the hadal subseafloor microbiosphere is ***,analyses of carbon isotope composition in a~750 cm long sediment core from the challenger Deep revealed noncontinuous deposition,with anomalous ^(14)c ages likely caused by seismically driven mass transport and the funneling effect of trench *** community composition and diverse enzyme activities in the upper~27 cm differed from those at lower depths,probably due to sudden sediment deposition and differences in redox condition and organic matter *** lower depths,microbial population numbers,and composition remained relatively constant,except at some discrete depths with altered enzyme activity and microbial phyla abundance,possibly due to additional sudden sedimentation events of different *** is provided of a unique role for high-rate episodic sedimentation events in controlling the subsurface microbiosphere in Earth’s deepest ocean floor and highlight the need to perform thorough analysis over a large depth range to characterize hadal benthic *** depositional processes are likely crucial in shaping deep-water geochemical environments and thereby the deep subseafloor biosphere.

关键词： Hadal subseafloor Deep water sediment Mariana Trench Radiocarbon Microbial community Redox potential

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Analysis of Transcriptome changes Induced by Ptr ToxA in Wheat Provides Insights into the Mechanisms of Plant Susceptibility

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1067-1083页

作者： Iovanna Pandelova Melania F. Betts Viola A. Manning Larry j. Wilhelm todd c. Mockler Lynda M. ciuffetti Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA

To obtain greater insight into the molecular events underlying plant disease susceptibility, we studied transcriptome changes induced by a host-selective toxin of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Ptr ToxA （ToxA）, on its host plant, wheat. Transcriptional profiling of ToxA-treated leaves of a ToxA-sensitive wheat cultivar was performed using the Genechip Wheat Genome Array. An improved and up-to-date annotation of the wheat microarray was generated and a new tool for array data analysis （BRAT） was developed, and both are available for public use via a web-based interface. our data indicate that massive transcriptional reprogramming occurs due to ToxA treatment, including cellular responses typically associated with defense. In addition, this study supports previous results indicating that ToxA-induced cell death is triggered by impairment of the photosynthetic machinery and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Based on results of this study, we propose that ToxA acts as both an elicitor and a virulence factor.

关键词： Gene expression transcriptome analysis defense responses fungal pathogenesis plant-microbe interactions host-selective toxin.

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward Mccary Michael M.Spinks Hernan j.Quevedo ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj.Isabella Pagano j.se A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael c.Downer Dino A.j.roszynski Bj.rn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the inj.ction of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pc,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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Egg rej.ction behavior does not explain the lack of cowbird parasitism on an eastern North American population of Red-winged Blackbirds

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 431-440页

作者： j.stin j.Reel todd j.Underwood Department of Biology Kutztown University

Background:Red-winged Blackbirds(Agelaius phoeniceus),hereafter red-wings,are much less frequently parasitized by Brown-headed cowbirds(Molothrus ater)in eastern North America than in central North America and had not been recorded as hosts in our study area in southeastern *** hosts of old World cuckoos(cuculidae)often show geographic variation in egg rej.ction behavior,cowbird hosts typically exhibit uniform responses of all acceptance or all rej.ction of cowbird ***,geographic variation in cowbird parasitism frequencies might reflect a different behavioral response to parasitism by hosts where only some populations rej.ct *** this study,we tested whether egg rej.ction behavior may explain the lack of parasitism observed in our eastern red-wing population,which may provide insight into low parasitism levels across eastern North ***:We parasitized red-wing nests with model cowbird eggs to determine their response to *** were tested across three nest stages and compared to control nests with no *** rej.ction differed significantly by stage,we compared responses separately for each nest *** also monitored other songbird nests to identify parasitism frequencies on all potential ***:Red-wings showed significantly more rej.ctions during the building stage,but not for the laying and incubation *** during nest building involved mostly egg burials,which likely represent a continuation of the nest building process rather than true rej.ction of the cowbird *** these responses,red-wings rej.cted 15%of cowbird eggs,which is similar to rej.ction levels from other studies and *** overall parasitism frequency on 11 species surveyed in our study area was only 7.4%.conclusions:Egg rej.ction behavior does not explain the lack of parasitism on red-wings in our eastern ***,we suggest that cowbird preference for other hosts and the low abu

关键词： Brood parasitism Brown-headed cowbird Egg rej.ction Geographic variation Red-winged Blackbird

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Trade-off between cellular immunity and life span in meal- worm beetles Tenebrio molitor

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current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 340-346页

作者： Indrikis KRAMS j.nina DAUKSTE Inese KIVLENIEcE Ants KAASIK Tatj.na KRAMA todd M. FREEBERG Markus j. RANTALA Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils LV-5401 Daugavpils Latvia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu 51014 Tartu Estonia Department of Biology University of Turku FIN-20024 Turku Finland Department of Psychology University of Tennessee TN 37996 Knoxville USA

Encapsulation is a nonspecific, cellular response through which insects defend themselves against multicellular pathogens. During this immune reaction, haemocytes recognize an obj.ct as foreign and cause other haemocytes to aggregate and form a capsule around the obj.ct, often consisting of melanized cells. The process of melanisation is accompanied by the forma- tion of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species, which can kill not only pathogens but also host cells. In this study we tested whether the encapsulation response is costly in mealworm beetles Tenebrio molitor. We found a negative relationship between the duration of implantation via a nylon monofilament and remaining life span. We also found a negative relationship between the strength of immune response and remaining life span, suggesting that cellular immunity is costly in T. molitor, and that there is a trade-off between immune response and remaining life span. However, this relationship disappeared at 31-32 hours of implanta- tion at 25 ± 2℃. As the disappearance of a relationship between duration of implantation and lifespan coincided with the highest values of encapsulation response, we concluded that the beetles stopped investment in the production of melanotic cells, as the implant, a synthetic parasite, was fully isolated from the host＇s tissues .

关键词： cost of immunity cellular immunity Encapsulation Lifespan Tenebrio molitor

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Biogenic production of DMSP and its degradation to DMS—their roles in the global sulfur cycle

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 1296-1319页

作者： Xiao-Hua Zhang j. Liu j.ngli Liu Guipeng Yang chun-Xu Xue Andrew R. j. curson j.nathan D. todd MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China college of chemistry and chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266071China School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR4 7TJUK

Dimethyl sulfide(DMS) is the most abundant form of volatile sulfur in Earth’s oceans, and is mainly produced by the enzymatic clevage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP). DMS and DMSP play important roles in driving the global sulfur cycle and may affect climate. DMSP is proposed to serve as an osmolyte, a grazing deterrent, a signaling molecule, an antioxidant, a cryoprotectant and/or as a sink for excess sulfur. It was long believed that only marine eukaryotes such as phytoplankton produce DMSP. However, we recently discovered that marine heterotrophic bacteria can also produce DMSP, making them a potentially important source of DMSP. At present, one prokaryotic and two eukaryotic DMSP synthesis enzymes have been *** heterotrophic bacteria are likely the maj.r degraders of DMSP, using two known pathways: demethylation and *** phytoplankton and some fungi can also cleave DMSP. So far seven different prokaryotic and one eukaryotic DMSP lyases have been identified. This review describes the global distribution pattern of DMSP and DMS, the known genes for biosynthesis and cleavage of DMSP, and the physiological and ecological functions of these important organosulfur molecules, which will improve understanding of the mechanisms of DMSP and DMS production and their roles in the environment.

关键词： marine microorganism dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) dimethyl sulfide (DMS) DMSP biosynthesis DMSP cleavage

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Dysfunctional stem and progenitor cells impair fracture healing with age

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World j.urnal of Stem cells 2019年第6期11卷 281-296页

作者： Diane R Wagner Sonali Karnik Zachary j.Gunderson j.ffery j.Nielsen Alanna Fennimore Hunter j.Promer j.nathan W Lowery M Terry Loghmani Philip S Low todd o McKinley Melissa A Kacena Matthias clauss j.liang Li Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Medicinal chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States Department of Physical Therapy Indiana University- Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States Division of Biomedical Science Marian University College of Osteopathic MedicineIndianapolisIN 46222United States Department of chemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907 United States Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical center IndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States

Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature;mesenchymal stem cells (MScs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPcs) form the new vasculature that supplies blood to the fracture site. In the elderly, the healing process is slowed, partly due to decreased regenerative function of these stem and progenitor cells. MScs from older individuals are impaired with regard to cell number, proliferative capacity, ability to migrate, and osteochondrogenic differentiation potential. The proliferation, migration and function of EPcs are also compromised with advanced age. Although the reasons for cellular dysfunction with age are complex and multidimensional, reduced expression of growth factors, accumulation of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and altered signaling of the Sirtuin-1 pathway are contributing factors to aging at the cellular level of both MScs and EPcs. Because of these geriatric-specific issues, effective treatment for fracture repair may require new therapeutic techniques to restore cellular function. Some suggested directions for potential treatments include cellular therapies, pharmacological agents, treatments targeting age-related molecular mechanisms, and physical therapeutics. Advanced age is the primary risk factor for a fracture, due to the low bone mass and inferior bone quality associated with aging;a better understanding of the dysfunctional behavior of the aging cell will provide a foundation for new treatments to decrease healing time and reduce the development of complications during the extended recovery from fracture healing in the elderly.

关键词： Fracture healing Aging Bone Angiogenesis Mesenchymal stem cells Endothelial progenitor cells

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis in crohn’s disease:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第4期5卷 316-319,I0003页

作者： Peilin Zhang Lawrence M.Minardi j.todd Kuenstner Rusty Kruzelock PZM Diagnostics LLC.CharlestonWVUSA Department of Pathology Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWVUSA West Virginia Regional Technology Park CharlestonWVUSA

We have cultured Mycobacteria avium subspecies hominissuis(MAH)from the blood of a patient with crohn’s *** patient is a 21 year-old-female with a diagnosis of crohn’s disease for two *** had been treated with corticosteroids and Humira for six months.A blood specimen was cultured in a specialized medium,and there was visible bacterial growth present in the liquid culture medium after eight *** analysis of the bacterial growth and subsequent direct sequencing of the PcR amplicon confirmed the presence of *** significance of this finding is discussed.

关键词： mycobacterium paratuberculosis crohn’s disease infective colitis

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optimizing methyl-eugenol aromatherapy to maximize posttreatment effects to enhance mating competitiveness of male Bactrocera carambolae （Diptera： Tephritidae）

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 661-669页

作者： Ihsan ul Haq Marc j.B. Vreysen carlos caceres todd E. Shelly j.rge Hendrichs Insect Pest control Laboratory Joint FAOIIAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Seibersdorf Austria National Agricultural Research centre Park Road Islamabad Pakistan USDAIAPHIS 41-650 Ahiki Street Waimanalo HI 96795 USA and Insect Pest control Section Joint FAOIIAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Vienna Austria

Methyl-eugenol （ME）（1,2-dimethoxy-4-（2-propenyl）benzene）, a natural phy- tochemical, did enhance male Bactrocera carambolae Drew ＆ Hancock （Diptera： Tephri- tidae） mating competitiveness 3 d after ingestion. Enhanced male mating competitiveness can significantly increase the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique （SIT）. ME appli- cation to mass reared sterile flies by feeding is infeasible. ME application by aromatherapy however, would be a very practical way of ME application in fly emergence and release facilities. This approach was shown to enhance mating competitiveness ofB. carambolae 3 d posttreatment （DPT）. Despite this added benefit, every additional day of delaying re- lease will reduce sterile fly quality and will add cost to SIT application. The present study was planned to assess the effects of ME-aromatherapy on male B. carambolae mating competitiveness 1DPT and 2DPT. ME aromatherapy 1DPT or 2DPT did enhance mating competitiveness of B. carambolae males whereas ME feeding 1DPT and 2DPT did not. Male mating competitiveness was enhanced by the ME aromatherapy irrespective if they received 1DPT, 2DPT or 3DPT. ME aromatherapy, being a viable approach for its applica- tion, did enhance mating competitiveness of male B. carambolae 1 d posttreatrnent as ME feeding did 3 d after ingestion.

关键词： Bactrocera carambolae mating competitiveness ME aromatherapy methyl-eugenol ME feeding posttreatment effect SIT

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Angling of hybrid sunfish from a hatchery pond with potential implications for community fisheries

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第1期8卷 91-95页

作者： Brian G.Blackwell Matthew j.Ward todd M.Kaufman South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks603 East 8th AvenueWebsterSD57274USA South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks44437139A StreetWaubaySD57273USA

Hatcheries are frequently called upon to produce catchable-sized fish for stocking community fishing *** attributes of fish selected for stocking into community ponds are that they are easy to produce in a hatchery system to sizes anglers are interested in catching and they provide anglers with high catch rates once *** sunfish[male Bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus)×female Green Sunfish(***)]have attributes that potentially make them attractive for use in community fishing *** assessed initial angler catch rates of 100 stocked hybrid sunfish in a 0.12-ha hatchery pond and after being subj.cted to angling(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).We also investigated whether catch rates would change following a supplemental stocking of an additional 100 hybrid sunfish(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).The anal fin of each fish in the second stocking was hole punched to differentiate them from those of the first stocking and fish caught by anglers were hole punched in the caudal fin each time they were caught before being released back into the *** catch rates were highest during initial fishing events that followed stocking(9.2 fish/angler hr and 18.0 fish/angler hr)and substantially declined in subsequent events(≤3.4 fish/angler hr).catches of the newly stocked fish and previously stocked fish contributed to the high catch following the supplemental ***(80%)of the fish were caught in the first 30 min of each event and 45%were caught during the first 10 *** were able to catch 88%of the fish from the first stocking and 67%from the second stocking at least *** mortality occurred during the study as all fish were recovered when the pond was *** results suggest that hybrid sunfish will potentially provide high initial catch rates following stocking into community ponds,but managers should expect reduced catch rates following initial fishing even without h

关键词： Hybrid sunfish Angling community fishing ponds

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