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Determining short chain fatty acids in sewage sludge hydrolysate: A comparison of three analytical methods and investigation of sample storage effects

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 926-933页

作者： Victor Ibrahim tobias Hey Karin Jonsson VA SYD SE-201 21 Malmo Sweden Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University SE-21100 Lund Sweden

In anaerobic digestion, the production of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） can be beneficial or harmful to the overall process, depending on the concentration of accumulated acids. Therefore, the accurate determination of the SCFA concentration in both fresh and stored sludge hydrolysates is important. To select a suitable method for monitoring SCFAs during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, the accuracy of three available analytical methods, including 5 pH point acid titration （TITRA5）, gas chromatography （GC）, and spectrophotometry, were compared in the present study. The results revealed that TITRA5 and GC displayed better agreement in the achieved measurements and higher precision and accuracy than the spectrophotometric assay, as supported by the application of different statistical models. TITRA5 excelled in titrating unfiltered hydrolysate while simultaneously measuring the alkalinity, whereas the GC method provided detailed information on the contribution of different fatty acids to the total acidity. In contrast, the spectrophotometric assay suffered from many forms of interference, depending on the sample＇s matrix. SCFA production followed the pattern of enzymatic reactions and fitted the Michaelis-Menten model. In addition to promoting TITRA5 as an accurate and robust analytical tool for routine SCFA analyses, this comparative study also demonstrated the possibility of storing hydrolysate samples at different temperatures and durations without altering the SCFA measurements.

关键词： five pH point titration gas chromatography spectrophotometry short-chain fatty acids sludge hydrolysis sample storage

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Control of Strain Hardening Behavior in High-Mn Austenitic Steels

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第3期27卷 546-556页

作者： Wenwen Song tobias Ingendahl Wolfgang Bleck Steel Institute RWTH Aachen University Intzestr.1 52072 AachenGermany

Austenitic high-Mn steels with Mn contents between approximately 15 and 30 wt% gain much interest because of their excellent mechanical properties and the option for adjusting strain hardening behavior due to different deformation mechanisms. 2D and 3D composition-dependent stacking fault energy （SFE） maps indicate the effect of chemical composition and temperature on SFE and consequently on the deformation mechanisms. Three steels with different chemical compositions and the same or different SFE are characterized in quasi-static tensile tests. The control parameters of strain hardening behavior in the high-Mn austenitic steels are described, and consequences for future developments are discussed.

关键词： High-Mn austenitic steels Stacking fault energy Strain hardening

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A Mechanical Model for the Adhesion of Spiders to Nominally Flat Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第2期6卷 135-142页

作者： Alessandro Gasparetto tobias Seidl Renato Vidoni DIEGM Department of ElectricalManagement and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Udine Advanced Concepts Team European Space Agency

In dry attachment systems of spiders and geckos, van der Waals forces mediate attraction between substrate and animal tarsus. In particular, the scopula of Evarcha arcuata spiders allows for reversible attachment and easy detachment to a broad range of surfaces. Hence, reproducing the scopula's roughness compatibility while maintaining anti-bunching features and dirt particle repellence behavior is a central task for a biomimetic transfer to an engineered model. In the present work we model the scopula of E. arcuata from a mechano-elastic point of view analyzing the influence of its hierarchical structure on the attachment behavior. By considering biological data of the gecko and spider, and the simulation results, the adhesive capabilities of the two animals are compared and important confirmations and new directives in order to reproduce the overall structure are found. Moreover, a possible suggestion of how the spider detaches in an easy and fast manner is proposed and supported by the results.

关键词： bionics spider dry adhesion mechano-elastic model hierarchical structure

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Pandemic prevention and personality psychology: Gender differences in preventive health behaviors during COVID-19 and the roles of agreeableness and conscientiousness

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第1期3卷 87-91页

作者： tobias Otterbring Alexandra Festila Department of Management University of AgderKristiansandNorway Freelancer CopenhagenDenmark

One of the greatest public health crises in recent times,the COVID-19 pandemic,has come with a myriad of challenges in terms of health communication and public cooperation to prevent the spread of the ***-derstanding which are the key determinants that make certain individuals more cooperative is key in effectively tackling pandemics and similar future *** the present study(N=800),we investigated whether gen-der differences in compliance with preventive health behaviors(PHB)at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic could be established,and,if so,whether the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness could help explain this presumed *** with our theorizing,we found women to score higher than men on agreeableness and conscientiousness,and to be more willing to comply with a set of ***,both per-sonality traits were found to mediate the gender-compliance *** means that women’s greater compliance levels with PHB could,at least in part,be attributed to their higher agreeableness and conscientiousness scores.A greater understanding of the determinants of PHB in terms of gender and associated personality traits may help identify options for developing more effective communication campaigns,both in terms of communication channel selection and message content.

关键词： Covid-19 Pandemics Gender,personality Psychology Agreeableness Conscientiousness Preventive health behaviors

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Identification of Characteristic Values in Impulse-Based Processes Using Small Specimens

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第3期5卷 310-323页

作者： tobias Valentino Tim Radel BIAS-Bremer Institut Fur Angewandte Strahltechnik GmbH Klagenfurter StraBe 528359 BremenGermany

Suitable approaches are needed for rapid and cost-efficient materials ***-throughput experimentation reduces the identification time of suitable material *** approach is to use small specimen geometries to save additional production ***,research is continuously being conducted on a new hardness test based on laser-induced shock *** far,characteristic values from the induced indentations have been extracted,which correlate with hardness and tensile ***,the indentation result varies in dependence of the specimen size and *** condition hinders the correlation between characteristic values and material ***,the goal was to induce similar indentation results to minimum specimen ***,different mounting materials and methods were *** created indentations were compared with those induced in large *** mounting parameters were derived from the ***,small specimens can be used for material characterization by considering these mounting parameters.

关键词： Mounting Stiffness Coefficient of restitution Forming efficiency Measuring instrument TEA-CO_(2)laser

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Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase CPK21 Functions in Abiotic Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 83-96页

作者： Sandra Franz Britta Ehlert Anja Liese Joachim kurth Anne-Claire Cazale Tina Romeis Department of Plant Biochemistry Institute for Biology Freie Universitat Berlin Koenigin-Luise-Str. 12-16 14195 Berlin Germany Department of Plant Microbe Interactions Max-Planck-lnstil:ute for Plant Breeding Research Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10 50935 Cologne Germany Present address: Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM) UMR CNRS-INRA 25941441 31320 Castanet-Tolosan France

Calcium-dependent protein kinases （CDPKs） comprise a family of plant serine/threonine protein kinases in which the calcium sensing domain and the kinase effector domain are combined within one molecule. So far, a biological function in abiotic stress signaling has only been reported for few CDPK isoforms, whereas the underlying biochemical mechanism for these CDPKs is still mainly unknown. Here, we show that CPK21 from Arabidopsis thaliana is biochemically activated in vivo in response to hyperosmotic stress. Loss-of-function seedlings of cpk21 are more tolerant to hyperosmotic stress and mutant plants show increased stress responses with respect to marker gene expression and metabolite accumulation. In transgenic Arabidopsis complementation lines in the cpk21 mutant background, in which either CPK21 wildtype, or a full-length enzyme variant carrying an amino-acid substitution were stably expressed, stress responsitivity was restored by CPK21 but not with the kinase inactive variant. The biochemical characterization of in planta synthesized and purified CPK21 protein revealed that within the calcium-binding domain, N-terminal EF1- and EF2-motifs compared to C-terminal EF3- and EF4-motifs differ in their contribution to calcium-regulated kinase activity, suggesting a crucial role for the N-terminal EF-hand pair. Our data provide evidence for CPK21 contributing in abiotic stress signaling and suggest that the N-terminal EF-hand pair is a calcium-sensing determinant controlling specificity of CPK21 function.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress calcium signaling/transport Arabidopsis CDPK EF-hand.

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On linear observers and application to fault detection in synchronous generators

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Control Theory and Technology 2014年第4期12卷 345-356页

作者： Jan Erik STELLET tobias ROGG Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

This work introduces an observer structure and highlights its distinct advantages in fault detection and isolation. Its application to the issue of shorted turns detection in synchronous generators is demonstrated. For the theoretical foundation, the convergence and design of Luenberger-type observers for disturbed linear time-invariant （LTI） single-input single-output （SISO） systems are reviewed with a particular focus on input and output disturbances. As an additional result, a simple observer design for stationary output disturbances that avoids a system order extension, as in classical results, is proposed.

关键词： Synchronous generators Field winding Fault detection Unknown input observer (UIO) Disturbance observer Residual generation

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Stabilizing High-voltage Cathode Materials for Next-generation Li-ion Batteries

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2020年第1期36卷 24-32页

作者： ZHU Xiaobo tobias Schulli WANG Lianzhou Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandQLD 4072Australia ESRF-The European Synchrotron 38000 GrenobleFrance

The pressing demand for high-energy/power lithium-ion batteries requires the deployment of cathode materials with higher capacity and output *** more than ten years of research,high-voltage cathode mate-rials,such as high-voltage layered oxides,spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,and high-voltage polyanionic compounds still cannot be commercially viable due to the instabilities of standard electrolytes,cathode materials,and cathode electrolyte interphases under high-voltage *** paper summarizes the recent advances in addressing the surface and interface issues haunting the application of high-voltage cathode *** understanding of the limitations and advantages of different modification protocols will direct the future endeavours on advancing high-energy/power lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： High voltage Cathode material Surface engineering Cathode electrolyte interphase Cycling stability Lithium ion battery

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The presence and influence of glacier surging around the Geladandong ice caps,North East Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第3期12卷 299-312页

作者： Owen KING Atanu BHATTACHARYA tobias BOLCH Department of Geography and Sustainable Development University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169ALUK Department of Remote Sensing and GIS JIS UniversityKolkata700109India

Many glaciers and ice caps on the Tibetan Plateau have retreated and lost mass in recent years in response to temperature increases,providing clear evidence of the impact of climate change on the *** is increasing evidence that many of the glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau have also shown periodically dynamic behaviour in the form of glacier surging and some even catastrophic collapse *** this study,we examine the prevalence of glacier surging at the Geladandong ice caps,North East Tibetan Plateau,to better understand the role of surge events in the evolution of glacier mass loss *** glacier surface elevation change data over the period 1969—2018 and glacier surface velocity data from the ITS_LIVE dataset,we find that 19 outlet glaciers of the ice caps are of *** multi-temporal measurements of glacier mass balance show that surge-type glacier mass budgets vary depending on the portion of the surge-cycle captured by geodetic *** the regional level,pre-and post-surge glacier mass loss variability does not bias regional mass budget estimates,but enhanced,or suppressed,mass loss estimates are likely when small groups of glaciers are *** results emphasise the importance of accurate surge-type glacier inventories and the need to maximise geodetic data coverage over glacierised regions known to contain surge-type glaciers.

关键词： Glacier surge Remote sensing Corona KH-4 Glacier mass balance ASTER Tibetan Plateau Glacier velocity

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Layer-like FAU-type zeolites:A comparative view on different preparation routes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 127-142页

作者： Bastian Reiprich tobias Weissenberger Wilhelm Schwieger Alexandra Inayat Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NumbergErlangen 91058Germany

The creation of intergrown layer-like zeolite crystals is one route to form hierarchical ***-type(FAU-type)zeolites are among the industrially most important zeolites and the implementation of hierarchical porosity is a promising way to optimise their catalytic and adsorptive *** a short general survey into routes for the preparation of hierarchical pore systems in FAU,we will review the currently existing strategies for the synthesis of FAU with layer-like *** strategies are mainly based on the presence of morphology modifying agents in the synthesis ***,a very recent approach is the synthesis of layer-like FAU-type zeolite crystals assembled in an intergrown manner in the absence of such additives,just by finely adjusting the crystallization *** additive-free preparation route for layer-like FAU,which appears very attractive from an ecological as well as economic point of view,is highlighted in this ***,a comparison,including powder X-ray diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopy,nitrogen physisorption and elemental analysis,between conventional FAU and three layer-like FAU obtained by different synthesis routes was carried out to show the structural,morphological and textural differences and similarities of these materials.

关键词： FAU hierarchical zeolite layer-like morphology

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