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Landslide disaster prevention and mitigation through works in Hong kong

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2013年第5期5卷 354-365页

作者： k.Y.Choi Raymond W.M.Cheung Geotechnical Engineering Offce Civil Engineering and Development Department The Government of the Hong Kong SAR

Hong kong has a high concentration of developments on hilly terrain in close proximity to man-made slopes and natural *** of the high seasonal rainfall,these man-made slopes and natural hillsides would pose a risk to the public as manifested by a death toll of 470 people due to landslides since the late *** 1977,the Government of the Hong kong SAR embarked on a systematic programme,known as the Landslip Preventive Measure(LPM)Programme,to retroft substandard man-made *** 1977 to 2010,about 4500 substandard government man-made slopes have been upgraded through engineering *** the period,the Programme had evolved progressively in response to Government’s internal demand for continuous improvement and rising public expectation for slope *** 2010,the Government implemented the Landslip Prevention and Mitigation(LPMit)Programme to dovetail with the LPM Programme,with the focus on retroftting the remaining moderate-risk substandard man-made slopes and mitigating systematically the natural terrain landslide risk pursuant to the"react-to-known"hazard *** paper presents the evolution of the LPM and LPMit Programmes as well as the insight on landslide prevention and mitigation through engineering works.

关键词： Landslide Landslide prevention Landslide mitigation Landslide risk Man-made slopes Natural terrain

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哈利·波特与死亡圣器

Current vortices and magnetic fields driven by moving polar twin boundaries in ferroelastic materials

作者： (英)J.k. 罗琳原

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 454-459页

作者： Guangming Lu Suzhi Li Xiangdong Ding Jun Sun Ekhard k.H.Salje State key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK

Ferroelastic twin boundaries often have properties that do not exist in bulk,such as superconductivity,polarity *** and optimizing domain walls can hence functionalize ferroelastic *** atomistic simulations,we report that moving domain walls have magnetic properties even when there is no magnetic element in the *** origin of a robust magnetic signal lies in polar vortex structures induced by moving domain walls,e.g.,near the tips of needle domains and near domain wall *** vortices generate displacement currents,which are the origin of magnetic moments perpendicular to the vortex *** phenomenon is universal for ionic crystals and holds for all ferroelastic domain boundaries containing dipolar moments.

关键词： magnetic moving walls

Structural,morphological,optical and photoluminescent properties of spray-deposited ZnSe thin film

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第11期35卷 5-9页

作者： G.M.Lohar S.k.Shinde V.J.Fulari Holography and Material Research Laboratory Department of PhysicsShivaji University

ZnSe thin films are successfully deposited by spray pyrolysis deposition technique. Deposited thin films are characterized by X-ray diffraction study, and it reveals that spray-deposited ZnSe thin films are polycrystalline with hexagonal crystal structure. Surface morphology is carried out by scanning electron microscopy. It shows cotton-like morphology, and optical properties, such as absorbance, transmittance, reflectance, band gap, refrac- tive index, extinction coefficient are studied. Photoluminescence shows strong emission at 497 nm. Also, spray- deposited ZnSe thin films are hydrophilic in nature, which is shown by contact angle meter.

关键词： spray pyrolysis technique photoluminescence hydrophilicity ZnSe

Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第5期11卷 410-427页

作者： Philip V Nguyen Jessica k kafka Victor H Ferreira kristy Roth Charu kaushic McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC) and Michael G.DeGroote Institute ot Intectious Dtseas Research (IIDR) Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada

The male and female reproductive tracts are complex microenvironments that have diverse functional demands. The immune system in the reproductive tract has the demanding task of providing a protective environment for a fetal allograft while simultaneously conferring protection against potential pathogens. As such, it has evolved a unique set of adaptations, primarily under the influence of sex hormones, which make it distinct from other mucosal sites. Here, we discuss the various components of the immune system that are present in both the male and female reproductive tracts, including innate soluble factors and cells and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity under homeostatic conditions. We review the evidence showing unique phenotypic and functional characteristics of immune cells and responses in the male and female reproductive tracts that exhibit compartmentalization from systemic immunity and discuss how these features are influenced by sex hormones. We also examine the interactions among the reproductive tract, sex hormones and immune responses following HIV-1 infection. An improved understanding of the unique characteristics of the male and female reproductive tracts will provide insights into improving clinical treatments of the immunological causes of infertility and the design of prophylactic interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

关键词： female reproductive tract genital immunity HIV-1 male reproductive tract mucosal immune responses sexhormones sexually transmitted infections

Spatial distribution of display sites of Grey Peacock-pheasant in relation to micro-habitat and predators during the breeding season

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 111-122页

作者： Somying Thunhikorn Matthew J.Grainger Philip J.k.McGowan Tommaso Savini Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi School of Biology Newcastle University

Background： The destruction and fragmentation of forest in Southeast Asia is accelerating biodiversity loss, resulting in a range of management and conservation actions. For some species, a detailed understanding of microhabitat selection is critical for this, especially in the breeding ***： To understand the factors that explain how specific habitats are used by the Grey Peacock-pheasant（Polyplectron bicalcaratum） in the breeding season, we used camera trapping and microhabitat sampling to assess the microhabitat selection of males. We also looked at their interaction with predators in an area of 1200 m × 1200 m at the Hua kha khaeng Wildl fe Sanctuary, Tha land, between January and May ***： We show that display scrapes are situated on flatter open areas with small saplings and some vines, typified by low horizontal understory density. We hypothesise that this allows a trade-off between courtship display and the avoidance of predators. Our study showed that the position of Grey Peacock-pheasant display scrapes regularly overlapped with predators within the same microhabitat. We hypothesise that the species＇ behavioural responses to temporal variation in predation risk allows them to avoid most ***： Particular microhabitats are required for Grey Peacock-pheasant *** avoid predators at these places by being active when predators are not.

关键词： Huai kha khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary Display scrape Species accumulation Predator-prey Polyplectron bicalcaratum

Variability in cone and seed characteristics and seed testing in various provenances of Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 603-610页

作者： B. S. Rawat A. k. Uniyal Department of Forestry Doon (PG) College of Agriculture Science & Technology Selaqui Dehradun Uttrakhand 248197 India

Abstract： We investigated the effect of provenance variation on cone and seed morphology and germination behaviunr under different pretreatments in Picea smithiana. Three categories of cones were recognized： large （13.18 cm×3.30 cm-15.42 cm × 4.35 cm）, medium （10.85 cm × 3.93 cm-12.18 cm× 3.98 cm） and small （7.69 cm× 3.06-10.98 cm× 3.39 cm）. Significant variation was observed for various cone and seed characteristics. Seeds moisture content varied from 44.48% to 56.91%, seed size from 0.64 cmx 0.31 cm （largest seed） to 0.49 cm× 0.10 cm （smallest seed）, and the seed weight from 2.45 g per 100 seeds to 1.36 g per 100 seeds on fresh weight basis of P. smithiana. The highest seed germination （72.0±7.53%） at 10℃ was observed under chilling treatment in Tapovan provenance, while the minimum （15.0±5.71%） seed germination was recorded at 25℃ under control set in Tapovan provenance. Further among all the sources Pandukeshwar consistently had the highest average （38%） percent germination across all treatments. Compared to other temperature regimes and pretreatments, seeds subjected to 10℃ and chilling treatment had the highest germination and took the least time for germination irrespective of provenance effects. Altitude （provenance） had little or no relationship with germination following laboratory treatments. Seeds from Tapovan provenance subjected at 10℃ following chilling treatment may be suggested for further multiplication of this species.

关键词： Dormancy Garhwal Himalaya germination value seedsources seed weight

Elastic and viscoelastic solutions to rotating functionally graded hollow and solid cylinders

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2008年第12期29卷 1601-1616页

作者： A. M. Zenkour k. A. Elsibai D. S. Mashat Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Department of Mathematics Faculty of Education Kafr El-Sheikh University Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University

Analytical solutions to rotating functionally graded hollow and solid long cylinders are developed. Young＇s modulus and material density of the cylinder are assumed to vary exponentially in the radial direction, and Poisson＇s ratio is assumed to be constant. A unified governing equation is derived from the equilibrium equations, compatibility equation, deformation theory of elasticity and the stress-strain relationship. The governing second-order differential equation is solved in terms of a hypergeometric function for the elastic deformation of rotating functionally graded cylinders. Dependence of stresses in the cylinder on the inhomogeneous parameters, geometry and boundary conditions is examined and discussed. The proposed solution is validated by comparing the results for rotating functionally graded hollow and solid cylinders with the results for rotating homogeneous isotropic cylinders. In addition, a viscoelastic solution to the rotating viscoelastic cylinder is presented, and dependence of stresses in hollow and solid cylinders on the time parameter is examined.

关键词： rotating hollow cylinder solid shaft functionally graded materials

Geomorphic evidence of ancient catastrophic flow type landslides in the mid-mountain ridges of the Western Flysch Carpathian Mountains(Czech Republic)

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第1期24卷 88-98页

作者： T. PNEk J. HRADECkY k. ILHN Assoc. University of Ostrava Faculty of Science Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology Chittussiho 10 71000 Ostrava Czech Republic University of Ostrava Faculty of Science Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology Chittussiho 10 71000 Ostrava Czech Republic

Ancient flow type landslides are relatively frequent fossil forms of the relief in mid-mountain conditions of the Czech Carpathian Mountains. Sixty rather distinctive displays of debris flows,rock avalanches,and debris avalanches have been mapped in the uppermost part of the territory. Unlike contemporary sporadic and low volume debris flows,ancient(Pleistocene and Lower Holocene) accumulations are a few orders of magnitude more extensive and were of considerable geomorphologic significance in forming the steep sections of mountain valleys and slopes. This geomorphic pattern does not hold for flow type slides,the source of which is material released as a consequence of numerous deep-seated landslides. Due to deep disruption of slopes,a few high-magnitude flow type landslides(e.g.,rock avalanches),quite rare in flysch mid-mountain conditions,also occurred in the Late Holocene.

关键词： Debris flows Rock avalanches Deep-seated landslides Flysch Western Carpathian Mountains