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Hospital Delivery Room versus Outdoor Birthing Plac.: Differenc.s in Airborne Mic.oorganisms and Their Impac. on the Infant

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Open Journal of Medic.l Mic.obiology 2013年第1期3卷 25-38页

作者： tobias c. olofsson Alejandra Vàsquez Division of Medic.l Mic.obiology Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden

The inc.denc. of allergic.airway diseases c.ntinues to inc.ease in industrial c.untries while remaining muc. more stable in developing c.untries. Allergens inhaled are eventually also swallowed and evidently the gastrointestinal immune system has a role in regulating allergic.responses in the pulmonary as well as the GI system. While some studies have pointed out the role of probiotic.bac.eria as a supplementary protec.ion against the early development of various allergies, little attention has been paid to the c.mposition of the airborne mic.oflora first and c.ntinuosly inhaled by newborns and infants. This study c.mpares the c.mposition of two airborne mic.obial c.mmunities, one from hospital delivery rooms and the other from a nature reserve, evidently in use as a birthing plac. as early as 7500 B.c. around the air from the outdoor birthing plac. was marked by a far greater variation in mic.obial c.mposition and a muc. higher representation of fungi than the air from the hospitals. The dominant bac.erial spec.es from the delivery rooms were Staphyloc.c.us areus and Mic.oc.c.us luteus, originating from the staff and the hospital environment;the outdoor flora, however, was dominated by Pseudomonas spp. and Bac.llus spp. In addition, 56% of all the bac.erial isolates from the delivery rooms were most c.osely related to strains previously assoc.ated with c.inic.l infec.ions, whereas only 15% of isolates in the outdoor bac.erial sample had suc. relationships. The role of airborne mic.oorganisms c.uld be important to infants with developing immune systems c.nsidering the mic.obial bias of hospital air presented in this study.

关键词： Allergy Newborns Airborne Mic.oflora Delivery Rooms Outdoor Birthing Plac.

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Prospec.s for statistic.l tests of strong-field quantum elec.rodynamic. with high-intensity lasers

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High Power Laser Sc.enc. and Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 7-15页

作者： c.olofsson A.Gonoskov Department of Physic. University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

Exploiting high-energy elec.ron beams c.lliding into high-intensity laser pulses brings an opportunity to reac. high values of the dimensionless rest-frame ac.eleration χ and thereby invoke proc.sses desc.ibed by strong-field quantum elec.rodynamic.(SFQED).Measuring deviations from the results of Furry-pic.ure perturbation theory in SFQED at high χ c.n be valuable for testing existing predic.ions,as well as for guiding further theoretic.l ***,suc. experimental measurements are c.allenging due to the probabilistic.nature of the interac.ion proc.sses,dominating signals of low-χ interac.ions and limited c.pabilities to c.ntrol and measure the alignment and sync.ronization in suc. c.llision *** we elaborate a methodology of using approximate Bayesian c.mputations for drawing statistic.l inferenc.s based on the results of many repeated experiments despite partially unknown c.llision parameters that vary between *** a proof-of-princ.ple,we c.nsider the problem of inferring the effec.ive mass c.ange due to c.upling with the strong-field environment.

关键词： Bayesian inferenc. strong-field quantum elec.rodynamic. laser ac.elerator

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On the deterring effec. of a butterfly＇s eyespot in juvenile and sub-adult c.ic.ens

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 749-757页

作者： Martin olofsson c.rister WIKLUND Anna FAVATI Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden Sc.ool of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram 695016 India

c.rc.lar patterns, or eyespots, are c.mmon anti-predator features in a variety of animals. Two defensive func.ions have been doc.mented： large eyespots may intimidate predators, whereas smaller marginal eyespots may divert attac.s. However, a given eyespot potentially serves both func.ions, possibly depending on the predator＇s size and/or experienc.. Naive predators are potentially more likely to misdirec. their attac.s towards eyespots; alternatively, their typic.lly smaller size would make them more intimidated by the same eyespots. Here we test how juvenile and sub-adult naive c.ic.ens respond to a single eyespot on a butterfly＇s wing. We presented the birds with dead wall brown butterflies, Lasiommata megera, that had their apic.l eyespot visible or painted over. We assessed the birds＇ responses＇ by （i） sc.ring their intimidation reac.ion, （ii） whether they uttered alarm c.lls and, （iii） if they attac.ed the butterfly and where they targeted their attac.s. Results show that both age c.tegories rec.ived higher intimidation sc.res when offered a butterfly with a visible eyespot. Juveniles were more intimidated by the butterfly than the sub-adults： they rec.ived higher intimidation sc.res and were more prone to utter alarm c.lls. Moreover, only sub-adults at- tac.ed and did so by preferentially attac.ing the butterfly＇s anterior. We demonstrate an intimidating effec. of the type of eyespot that has previously been shown only to divert attac.s. We suggest that one and the same eyespot may serve two func.ions relative to different predators; however, further experiments are needed to disentangle the role of predator identity and its link to size, on- togeny and experienc. [c.rrent Zoology 61 （4）： 749-757, 2015].

关键词： Predator-prey interac.ions Prey-attac. behaviour Butterfly Bird Eyespot Ontogeny

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