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The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil:A case study at Sasso Fratino,Italy

Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 23-32页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Nicola Benilli Giovanni Mastrolonardo giacomo Certini dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali(DIBAF)Universitàdella TusciaVia San C.de Lellis Snc01100 ViterboItaly dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie AlimentariAmbientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi di FirenzeP.le delle Cascine 1850144 FirenzeItaly

There is considerable interest devoted to oldgrowth forests and their capacity to store carbon(C)in biomass and *** of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide,although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C *** further understand this,soil organic carbon(SOC)was measured in one of Italy's best-preserved old-growth forests,the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature *** reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe,and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain,even before legal constraints were *** the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow,they are rich in organic ***,no quantification had been carried *** systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest,we accurately determined the average amount of SOC(62.0±16.9 Mg ha^(–1))and nitrogen(4.0±1.2 Mg ha^(–1))in the top 20 *** the CENTURY model,future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios,A1F1 and B2,the first of high concern and the second more *** model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha^(–1)a^(–1)by 2030 under the A1F1 and B2 scenarios,respectively,suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating ***,from 2030 to 2050,a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted,indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case *** study confirms that soils in oldgrowth forests play a significant role in carbon *** also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.

关键词： Carbon sequestration CENTURY model Climate change Forest soil Soil nitrogen

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Prognostic Value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Elderly Women with Heart Failure and Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction

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World Journal of Cardiovascular diseases 2014年第7期4卷 341-349页

作者： Angela Beatrice Scardovi Renata De Maria Alessandro Ferraironi Marco Renzi Franco Turi Marina Parolini tiziana di giacomo Roberto Ricci Cardiology Department S. Spirito Hospital Rome Italy CNR Clinical Physiology Institute Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Department Niguarda Hospital Milan Italy

The prognostic role of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in elderly women with chronic heart failure (HF) has not yet been clarified. We assessed the incremental value of CPET variables for risk stratification in female HF patients with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We prospectively followed up 131 female HF outpatients aged 72 [interquartile range 62 - 77] years after a symptom limited CPET. 34% had ischemic heart disease and 14% permanent atrial fibrillation, 24% were in NYHA class III. LVEF was 50% [interquartile range 36 - 62], peak oxygen consumption was 11.3 [interquartile range 9.2 - 13.5] ml/kg/min;the slope of the regression line relating ventilation to CO2 output was 33.9 [interquartile range 30.3 - 44.9];40% of patients showed exercise oscillatory breathing during CPET. During a median follow-up of 18 months [interquartile range 8 - 54], overall 39 patients (29.7%) met the combined end-point of cardiovascular mortality or HF admission using a time-to-first event approach. Moderate to severe mitral regurgitation, slope, exercise oscillatory breathing were independently associated to cardiovascular mortality or HF admission. When CPET ventilatory variables were added to clinical and echocardiographic parameters, prediction of the combined point improved significantly (AUC 0.755 (95% CI 0.662 to 0.832) vs 0.634 (95% CI 0.536 to 0.725), p = 0.016). In conclusion, among elderly female HF patients the CPET derived parameters EOB and VE/VCO2 slope emerged as strong prognostic markers, with additive predictive value to clinical and echocardiographic parameters in patients with both reduced and preserved LVEF.

关键词： Women Heart Failure Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Ventilatory Inefficiency

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Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： giacomo Valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del Vecchio Martino V.Franchi Marco V.Narici Giuseppe De Vito Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of *** ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated *** AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/*** voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after *** were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection ***:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately *** ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% *** MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after *** changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked ***:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization ***,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plas

关键词： disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

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Uveal melanoma:Recent advances in immunotherapy

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第1期15卷 23-31页

作者： Francesco Saverio Sorrentino Francesco De Rosa Patrick di Terlizzi giacomo Toneatto Andrea Gabai Lucia Finocchio Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Marco Zeppieri Department of Surgical Sciences Unit of OphthalmologyOspedale MaggioreBologna 40100Italy Department of Oncology IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori“Dino Amadori”Meldola 47014Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye Clinic Policlinico Umberto I“Sapienza”University of RomeRome 00142Italy

Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common primary intraocular cancer in *** incidence in Europe and the United States is 6-7 per million population per *** most primary UMs can be successfully treated and locally controlled by irradiation therapy or local tumor resection,up to 50%of UM patients develop metastases that usually involve the liver and are fatal within 1 *** date,chemotherapy and targeted treatments only obtain minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM,which is still characterized by poor *** standard therapeutic approaches for its prevention or treatment have been *** application of immunotherapy agents,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors that are effective in cutaneous melanoma,has shown limited effects in the treatment of ocular *** is due to UM’s distinct genetics,natural history,and complex interaction with the immune *** cutaneous melanomas characterized mainly by BRAF or NRAS mutations,UMs are usually triggered by a mutation in GNAQ or *** a result,more effective immunotherapeutic approaches,such as cancer vaccines,adoptive cell transfer,and other new molecules are currently being *** this review,we examine novel immunotherapeutic strategies in clinical and preclinical studies and highlight the latest insight in immunotherapy and the development of tailored treatment of UM.

关键词： Uveal melanoma Immunotherapy Ocular oncology Tumor Metastatic disease Genetic mutations

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Increasing temperatures affect multiyear life cycle of the outbreak bush-cricket Barbitistes vicetinus(Orthoptera,Tettigoniidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 530-538页

作者： giacomo Ortis Lorenzo Marini giacomo Cavaletto Luca Mazzon Department of Agronomy FoodNatural resourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)University of PaduaLegnaroItaly

Although outbreaks of rare species are unusual,several insect species have become emerging pests probably due to the ongoing environmental *** vicetinus was first described in 1993 as an endemic bush-cricket of north-east Italy and was considered rare until 2008,when it became an established pest,causing severe damages to forests and *** possible role of temperature in changing its life cycle has still to be fully ***,we explored the effect of summer temperature on egg diapause and the effect of winter temperature on egg *** observations showed that the proportion of embryos that can complete development at the end of summer ranged from zero to nearly 90% depending on summer temperatures.A substantial shift in the rate of development from 20% to nearly 80% occurred in a thermal range of about 1℃.On the contrary,overwinter egg survival was high and constant(90%)across a wide range of winter temperatures that go well beyond both the cold and warm thermal limits of the current species ***,the results suggest a potential key role of summer temperature warming on the outbreak propensity of this species that is able to switch from a multiyear to an annual life cycle with just a 1-2℃ warming.

关键词： climate change diapauses global warming overwinter survival pest pluriannualcycle

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Transient infiltration tests in pyroclastic soils with double porosity

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第11期20卷 3327-3342页

作者： Ciro SEPE Domenico CALCATERRA Emilia DAMIANO diego di MARTIRE Roberto GRECO Lucia PAPPALARDO Massimo RAMONdiNI Enza VITALE giacomo RUSSO Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Cassino and Southern LazioCassino 03043Italy Department of Earth Science Environment and ResourcesUniversity of Napoli Federico IINapoli 80126Italy dipartimento di Ingegneria Universitàdegli Studi della Campania“L.Vanvitelli”Aversa 81031Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di Napoli-Osservatorio VesuvianoNapoli 80124Italy Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Napoli Federico IINapoli 80125Italy

Fallout volcanic deposits of SommaVesuvius(Campania,southern Italy),characterized by the presence of layers with contrasting textural and hydraulic properties,are frequently affected by shallow landslides during rainwater *** soils of the stratigraphic sequence present intraparticle pores,originated by the gases escaped during magma decompression in the volcanic conduit,thus are characterized by double porosity(i.e.,intraparticle and interparticle pores),which is expected to affect their hydraulic behaviour,and to play a key role in rainwater infiltration through layered *** understand the effect of double porosity on the hydraulic behaviour of the involved soils,controlled experiments have been carried out in an infiltration *** experimental apparatus is provided with newly designed non-invasive Time Domain Reflectometry(TDR)probes,not buried in the investigated soil layers so as to minimize disturbance to the flow,allowing water content measurement during vertical flow ***,transient flow experiments are carried out through reconstituted specimens of black scoriae and grey pumices,both loose pyroclastic granular soils from fallout deposits of Somma-Vesuvius,featuring double porosity with different pore size distributions,that were estimated by X-ray tomography and Mercury Intrusion *** experimental results highlight the effects of the double porosity and clearly indicate the different behaviour of the two soils during wetting and drying processes,mainly related to the different dimensions of intraparticle pores.

关键词： Double porosity soil Non-invasive TDR probes Vesiculated soil particles Pyroclastic soils X-ray tomography Mercury intrusion porosimetry

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The neural bases of vitality forms

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National Science Review 2020年第1期7卷 202-213页

作者： Giuseppe di Cesare Marzio Gerbella giacomo Rizzolatti Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies Unit Italian Institute of Technology 2. Department of Medicine and Surgery Neuroscience Unit University of Parma Istituto di Neuroscienze Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche

Unlike emotions, which are short-lasting events accompanied by viscero-motor responses, vitality forms are continuous internal states that modulate the motor behaviors of individuals and are devoid of the autonomic modifications that characterize real emotions. Despite the importance of vitality forms in social life, only recently have neurophysiological studies been devoted to this issue. The first part of this review describes f MRI experiments, showing that the dorso-central insula is activated during the execution, the perception and the imagination of arm actions endowed with different vitality forms as well as during the hearing and the production of speech conveying vitality forms. In the second part, we address the means by which the dorso-central insula modulates the networks for controlling action execution and how the sensory and interoceptive information is conveyed to this insular sector. Finally, we present behavioral data showing the importance of vitality forms in social interactions.

关键词： action observation social interactions emotions insula mirror mechanism

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi Laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson giacomo Picardi Damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó Emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino Michael Tangherlini Roberto Danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del Mar(ICM-CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNIVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec Systems International Limited Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

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Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport defects and protein aggregates in neurodegeneration

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第3期9卷 354-369页

作者： giacomo Bitetto Alessio di Fonzo IRCCS Foundation Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Dino Ferrari CenterNeuroscience SectionDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanVia Francesco Sforza 3520122 MilanItaly

In the ongoing process of uncovering molecular abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by toxic protein aggregates,nucleo-cytoplasmic transport defects have an emerging *** pieces of evidence suggest a link between neuronal protein inclusions and nuclear pore complex(NPC)*** processes lead to oxidative stress,inefficient transcription,and aberrant DNAVRNA *** clinical and neuropathological spectrum of NPC defects is broad,ranging from physiological aging to a suite of neurodegenerative diseases.A better understanding of the shared pathways among these conditions may represent a significant step toward dissecting their underlying molecular mechanisms,opening the way to a real possibility of identifying common therapeutic targets.

关键词： Aging Neurodegeneration Neurodegenerative disease Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport Nuclear pore complex Protein aggregate

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Emerging Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Control of Shoot Apical Meristem Function

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第1期55卷 7-20页

作者： Elisabetta di giacomo Giovanna Serino Giovanna Frugis Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria UOS RomaConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMonterotondo Scalo dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin Sapienza Università The New York Botanical Garden Genomics Program NYBGBronx

The shoot apical meristem （SAM） is a population of undifferentiated cells at the tip of the shoot axis that establishes early during plant embryogenesis and gives rise to all shoot organs throughout the plant＇s life. A plethora of different families of transcription factors （TFs） play a key role in establishing the equilibrium between cell differentiation and stem cell maintenance in the SAM. Fine tuning of these regulatory proteins is crucial for a proper and fast SAM response to environmental and hormonal cues, and for development progression. One effective way to rapidly inactivate TFs involves regulated proteolysis by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system （UPS）. However, a possible role of UPS-dependent protein degradation in the regulation of key SAM TFs has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we summarize recent evidence supporting a role for the UPS in SAM maintenance and function. We integrate this survey with an in silico analysis of publicly-available microarray databases which identified ubiquitin ligases that are expressed in specific areas within the SAM, suggesting that they may regulate or act downstream of meristem-specific factors.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell differentiation protein degradation shoot apical meristem ubiquitin/26S proteasome system.

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