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Analysis of Causes of Delay in Middle and High Income Self-Build Housing Projects (SBHPs) in Wa, Ghana

Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2015年第4期3卷 171-179页

作者： Samuel Owusu Afram Anthony Bangdome-Dery Genevieve Ekua Eghan titus ebenezer kwofie Department of Architecture College of Architecture and Planning Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Building Technology & Estate Management Department Wa Polytechnic Wa Ghana

Self-build housing projects (SBHPs) among middle and high income developers are faced with many challenges that cause delay in the delivery time of the house(s). The focus of this paper is to analyse the factors that cause delay in SBHPs in order to identify the critical delay factors. Review of literature and expert input revealed 20 variables which were used in a structured questionnaire for data collection from owners, consultants and builders in Wa Municipality. Reliability test, t-test analysis and mean ranking were used in the data analysis. The results revealed that “Delay in obtaining permit from Local Authorities” was the first delay factor followed by “Poor site management and supervision”. The delay factor ranked least was “Inadequate cost estimation and related details” from consultants. The paper recommends that Government agencies that regulate physical development should intensify public education, particularly on responsibilities and obligations, especially among self-builders. The paper recommends further study into labour-related issues as well as communication and information management among participants and its impact on self-build project success.

关键词： Delays Self-Build Housing Projects Ghana

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Comparative Evaluation of Thermogravimetric and Refractive Index Techniques in Determining Biodiesel Yield

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2020年第1期10卷 30-42页

作者： Sirui Li ebenezer Miezah kwofie Michael Ngadi Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada

Biodiesel is a clean and renewable resource that consists of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acid, which could be obtained from the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils and animal fats with alcohols and catalysts. Biodiesel yield has typically been determined using expensive and laborious techniques. The attempt of this study was to examine the potential of quantifying the biodiesel conversion in real time using refractive index in transesterification process of canola oil with methanol and KOH. Biodiesel yields at five different mixing intensities and reaction times were measured using a refractometer. The measured results were then compared with analytical data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique over a temperature range of 25℃ - 600℃. Experimental results indicated that the FAME conversions at different mixing intensity and reaction time measured from refractometer correlated well to the relative weight losses from TGA method with R2 = 0.93 (p ≤ 0.05);however, the refractometer may over-estimate the biodiesel yield when the reaction rate was too low. Overall, the refractometer technique is cheaper and easier to manage and could provide a reliable prediction of biodiesel yield in real time.

关键词： FAME Thermogravimetric Analysis Refractive Index Mixing Real-Time Monitor

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Fish Processing and Its Energy Dynamics in Zambia

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2019年第2期9卷 44-63页

作者： ebenezer Miezah kwofie Emmanuella Ellis Sven Genschick Michael Ngadi Shakuntala Thilsted Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada WorldFish Lusaka Zambia

This study presents field data and results on local fish processing, its energy supply, and consumption in the Northern Province of Zambia. The study also evaluates the impact of processing conditions on fish quality and cost for the different processing systems available in the selected communities. The result shows that fuelwood is the primary source of energy for fish processing used either in a modified three-stone fire (MTSF) system or a recently developed kiln. The charcoal smoking alternative had the least fuel consumption, yet was not considered as the preferred option due to the high cost of the fuel, a smaller quantity of fish processed per batch and longer processing time. The result also revealed that irrespective of the system used, the type of fish being processed and the pre-smoking drying time had a significant impact on the total energy consumption. Overall, the smoking kiln was found to increase the quantity of fish processed by five folds, reduce fuel use by 48% and reduce the overall smoking time per kilogram fish processed by 39%. A relatively higher fish quality was obtained with the use of the smoking kiln in comparison with the MTSF and the charcoal smoking system. The use of the smoking kiln as a fish processing system is recommended because it improves the quality of the fish, can scale up fish processing due to its capacity and reduces energy use with its associated costs.

关键词： Fish Energy Dynamics Fish Processing Fuel Supply Smoking Systems

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