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Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 96-97页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Godwin Ntadom Kazeem Akano Folasade O.Ibironke Adejumoke I.Ayede Chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Christian Happi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor martin meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Ismaila Watila Olugbenga mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Wellington Oyibo Francis Useh Temitope Aderoyeje titilope m.dokunmu Omobolaji T.Alebiosu Sikiru Amoo Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Chukwuebuka Okafor Odafe Akpoborie Bayo Fatunmbi Elsie O.Adewoye Nnenna m.Ezeigwe Ayoade Oduola Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria 不详

Background:The development and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Greater mekong Subregion has created impetus for continuing global monitoring of efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies(ACTs). This post analyses is aimed to evaluate changes in early treatment response markers 10 years after the adoption of ACTs as first-line treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in ***: At 14 sentinel sites in six geographical areas of Nigeria, we evaluated treatment responses in 1341 children under 5 years and in additional 360 children under 16 years with uncomplicated malaria enrolled in randomized trials of artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate-amodiaquine at 5-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2014-2015 and at 2-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2012-2015, respectively after deployment in ***: Asexual parasite positivity 1 day after treatment initiation (APPD1) rose from 54 to 62% and 2 days after treatment initiation from 5 to 26% in 2009-2010 to 2014-2015(P=0.002 and Pme increased significantly from 1.6 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55-1.64) to 1.9 days (95% C,1.9-2.0) and geometric mean parasite reduction ratio 2 days after treatment initiation decreased significantly from 11 000 to 4700 within the same time period (Pment parasitaemia > 75 000 μl^-1, haematocrit > 27% 1 day post-treatment initiatiortreatment with artemether-lumefantrine and enrolment in 2014-2015 independently predicted APPD1. In paralle , Kaplan-meier estimated risk of recurrent infections by day 28 rose from 8 to 14% (P=0005) and from 9 to 15%(P=0.02) with artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine, respectively. mean asexual parasitaemia half-life increased significantly from 1.1 h to 1.3h within 2 years (Pme to the two ACTs may be due to emergence of parasites with r

关键词： Declining responsiveness Falciparum malaria Children Artemisinin-based combination treatment Nigeria

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Biohydrogen production and its bioeconomic impact:a review

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第3期4卷 219-230页

作者： Kanika Dulta Adedapo O.Adeola Segun E.Ashaolu titilope I.Banji Joshua O.Ighalo Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Shoolini UniversitySolan-173229Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Chemical Sciences Adekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungba-AkokoOndo StateNigeria Department of Chemical Sciences University of JohannesburgDoornfontein2028South Africa Department of Chemical Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyP.M.B.4000OgbomosoNigeria Department of mechanical Engineering University of IbadanP.M.B.3017IbadanNigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityP.M.B.5025AwkaNigeria Department of Chemical Engineering University of IlorinP.M.B.1515IlorinNigeria

The production of biohydrogen from biological processes is cleaner and more sustainable than that of fossil fuel-based *** drive for cleaner and sustainable energy sources is an important facet of the *** on these findings,this paper aimed to examine the significance and impact of biohydrogen on the *** bioprocessing strategies are primarily biophotolysis,fermentation and bio-electrolytic *** that biological processes are slow compared to other thermochemical production processes,production volumes cannot match that of the *** inherently slow nature of biochemical reactions taking place in living organisms is a challenge that puts biohydrogen at a *** processes are also very sensitive to temperature and pH,thereby requiring more intricate process monitoring and *** obtain equivalent volumes of biohydrogen compared to production strategies,larger and more intricate facilities would be needed,implying more cost *** is surmised that biohydrogen will continue to play an important role in the drive for a sustainable bioeconomy despite the current challenges it faces.

关键词： Biohydrogen Bioeconomy Energy Sustainable development microalgae

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Hypoglycemic efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina compared with insulin and glibenclamide in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ diabetic rat models

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Journal of Coastal Life medicine 2017年第4期5卷 174-178页

作者： Uduak Akpan Okon titilope Helen Olatunbosun Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of UyoP.M.B.1017 UyoAkwa Ibom StateNigeria

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum) and Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina) with those of insulin and ***: Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (Dm) were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin and intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (100 mg/kg) along with streptozotocin, respectively. The state of diabetes was confirmed weekly by testing blood glucose level using a ***: The weekly blood glucose levels were higher in type I Dm than in type Ⅱ Dm. Type Ⅰ Dm plus O. gratissimum showed a weekly progressive significant reduction in blood glucose compared to type Ⅰ Dm control. Type Ⅰ Dm control showed a duration dependent significant higher blood glucose concentration compared to normal control. Type I Dm plus V. amygdalina also showed a time dependent significant lower glucose level compared to normal control and type Ⅰ Dm control. Combination treatment of type Ⅰ Dm (O. gratissimum plus V. amygdalina) showed a significantly elevated glucose concentration compared to normal control which was similar to type I Dm control. Insulin treatment in type I Dm showed a weekly progressive significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to normal control and type I Dm control. Type Ⅱ Dm control showed a fairly constant blood glucose concentration throughout the duration of treatment that was significantly higher than that of the normal control. Type Ⅱ Dm plus O. gratissimum showed a fairly steady significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to type Ⅱ Dm control and normal control. Type Ⅱ Dm plus V. amygdalina also showed a fairly constant significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to type Ⅱ Dm control and normal control. Type II Dm (O. gratissimum plus V. amygdalina) showed a slightly progressive significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to normal control and type Ⅱ Dm control. Type Ⅱ Dm with glibenclamide showed almost steady

关键词： Ocimum gratissimum Vernonia amygdalina Insulin Glibenclamide Diabetes mellitus Blood glucose

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Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical methods for Environmental Assessment of municipal Dumpsite System

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第5期4卷 850-862页

作者： Elijah Adebowale Ayolabi Adetayo Femi Folorunso Olusola titilope Kayode 1Department of Geosciences University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria 2College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China Department of Geosciences University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

Leachate originating from open refuse dumpsite systems can be delineated through an integration of qualitative and quantitative methods. This study was designed to examine extent of leachate and pollution from one of the numerous open refuse dumpsites in Lagos metropolis. Qualitative assessment was determined using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), vertical electrical sounding (VES) and induced polarization geophysical methods. Both ERT and VES methods revealed persistent low resistivity (1 - 20 Ωm) of leachate to the depth above 35 m. The two methods were projected to produce 3-D view of the site which shows a NW-SE flow pattern of the leachate and possibly, the groundwater. IP values observed over the polluted zone was -2.9 - 8 ms, indicating a sandy layer. Quantitative assessment was achieved by analysis of geochemical substances in the water samples taken from wells and boreholes in the precinct of the dumpsite. Here, we examine the macroelements, salts (sulphates, nitrates and chlorides), heavy metals, radioactive metals contents and physical parameters of the water samples. The analyses reveal the presence of these substances in the water and their strong correlations justified the provenance as the same. As part of the quantitative evaluation, physical parameters (pH, TDS, DO, salinity, total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity EC and temperature) of the water samples were also determined. The samples pH plotted in the acidic domain unsuitable for human consumption. Leachate flow direction was generated from the decreasing concentration of measured parameters (geochemical elements and physicals properties) in NW-SE direction which agrees with similar flow pattern deduced from ERT results.

关键词： Dumpsite Leachate Electrical Resistivity Hydrochemical Analysis Pollution Depth Heavy metals Contaminant Plume

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Intensive care unit hospitalizations and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 during summer and fall surges in Georgia

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World Journal of Critical Care medicine 2021年第6期10卷 369-376页

作者： titilope Olanipekun Temidayo Ayotomiwa Abe Valery Sammah Effoe Joffi E musonge-Effoe Agusiegbe Chuks Esther Kwara Alexandra Caldwell Samed Obeng Nicolas Bakinde Gloria Westney Richard Snyder Department of Hospital medicine Covenant Health SystemKnoxvilleTNCovenant Health SystemKnoxvilleTX 37922United States Department of medicine Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Cardiology Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Clinical Research Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of medicine Pulmonary and Critical Care SectionMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States

BACKGROUND There is limited data on the difference in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection in the summer compared to the fall *** To compare the sociodemographic,clinical characteristics,and outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)during the summer and fall surges in the year *** We included patients admitted to the ICU and treated with invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 associated respiratory failure between April 1 and December 31,*** were categorized into summer surge for ICU admissions between June 15,2020,and August 15,2020,and fall surge between October 15,2020,and December 31,*** compared patients'characteristics and outcomes using descriptive and inferential *** A total of 220 patients were admitted to the Grady memorial Hospital ICU and mechanically ventilated for COVID-19 associated hypoxemic respiratory failure during the period considered(125 during the summer surge and 95 during the fall surge).more women were admitted in the fall compared to summer(41.1%vs 36.8%,difference,4.3%;95%CI:1.2,7.5).Patients admitted in the fall had fewer comorbidities(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,stroke,diabetes mellitus,obstructive sleep apnea and body mass index≥35 kg/m2).Overall,patients in the fall had a lower ICU mortality rate(27.4%vs 38.4%,difference,-11.0;95%CI:-6.4,-18.2),shorter length of stay on the mechanical ventilator(7 d vs 11 d,difference,4 d;95% CI:2.1,6.6)and shorter ICU length of stay(9 d vs 14 d,difference,5 d;95% CI:2.7,9.4).CONCLUSION Patients admitted with severe COVID-19 infection requiring mechanical ventilation had better outcomes in the fall than *** difference observed is likely attributable to a better understanding of the condition and advances in treatment strategies.

关键词： COVID-19 COVID-19 surge Georgia Intensive care unit mechanical ventilation

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Antiretroviral-Drug Resistant mutations and Genetic Diversity in HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第2期4卷 187-197页

作者： Olubunmi Ruth Negedu-momoh Olayeni Stephen Olonitola Lillian Emiola Odama Helen Ineigo Inabo Henry Akwen mbah Alex Nganga Kasembeli Seth Chekata Inzaule Edward Adekola Oladele titilope Badru Simon magaji Agwale Centre for Disease Control and Prevention HIV Research Laboratory Kisumu Kenya Department of microbiology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of microbiology Kogi State University Ayangba Nigeria Family Health International (FHI 360) Abuja Nigeria Innovative Biotech USA Inc Frederick Innovative Technology Center Frederick USA

Introduction: Despite the success derived from antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance (DR) mutations are known to develop and are major impediments to treatment of HIV patients. Therefore, periodic assessment of HIVDR is needed to ensure continuous HAART efficacy. This study assessed the magnitude of drug resistance as well as HIV genetic variability in drug-naive and treated patients in Nigeria. methodology: Genotypic analysis was performed by sequencing plasma specimens from 40 individuals in a cross sectional study involving 202 HIV infected patients from all the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Sequences were analyzed for presence of HIVDR mutation using the algorithm in Stanford HIVDR database and confirmed by IAS-USA 2009 mutation list. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were done using PAUP V4.0 and REGA V2.0 respectively. Results: major DR mutations were detected in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of 5 (33%) drug experienced and 2 (8%) na?ve patients. most common mutations were m184V and K103N with no protease (PR) mutations detected. Thymidine analogue mutations (TAms) and a complex multi resistance mutation Q151m were detected in 3 samples. Polymorphic substitutions were observed in both PR and RT gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed Group m isolates of G (20), J (1), circulating recombinant forms: CRF02_AG (14), CRF-18-cpx (1), CRF06_cpx (3) and a unique AD recombinant (1). Conclusion: Our findings corroborate previous studies on circulating DR viruses in Nigeria while genetic diversity is on the increase. In view of ART scale-up, monitoring the resistance pattern and genetic diversity will aid in appropriate prevention strategies.

关键词： HIV Drug Resistance mutation Nigeria

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