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Advances in single-cell sequencing technology in microbiome research

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 201-219页

作者： Yinhang Wu Jing zhuang Yifei Song Xinyi Gao Jian Chu Shuwen han Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou UniversityHuzhouZhejiang 313000China Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou HuzhouZhejiang 313000China The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University HangzhouZhejiang 313000China Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang 310000China

With the rapid development of histological techniques and the widespread applica-tion of single-cell sequencing in eukaryotes,researchers desire to explore individual microbial.genotypes and functional expression,which deepens our understanding of microorganisms.In this review,the history of the development of microbial detection technologies was revealed and the difficulties in the application of single-cell sequencing in microorganisms were dissected as well.Moreover,the characteristics of the currently emerging microbial single-cell sequencing(Microbe-seq)technology were summarized,and the prospects of the application of Microbe-seq in microorganisms were distilled based on the current development status.Despite its mature development,the Microbe-seq technology was still in the optimization stage.A retrospective study was conducted,aiming to promote the widespread application of single-cell sequencing in microorganisms and facilitate further improvement in the technol-ogy.

关键词： Bacterialantibiotic resistance Host immunity Host-phage interaction Microbial single-cell sequencing Microorganisms Single cell Single-cell sequencing technology

Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics and Delayed Dry-Out Ability of Non-Azeotropic Mixtures R245fa/R134a in Microchannels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1174-1188页

作者： LU Yongjie LING Yongjun zhuang Yuan LI Chenyang OUYANG Hongsheng han Xiaohong Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province Institute of Refrigeration and CryogenicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China Zhejiang Zhongguang Electrical Co. Ltd.Lishui323000China State Key Lab for Fluorine Greenhouse Gases Replacement and Control Treatment Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical IndustryHangzhou310014China

Microchannel flow boiling heat transfer has the advantages of strong heat dissipation capacity,good temperature uniformity,and compact structure.It is an excellent way to thermally manage electronic devices,but when the heat flux exceeds CHF(Critical Heat Flux),the heat transfer performance deteriorates as the working fluid dries out.Non-azeotropic mixtures have the potential to effectively delay or avoid dry-out during the boiling process due to their temperature slide characteristics which causes the mass transfer resistance.To understand the influence of non-azeotropic mixtures on microchannel flow boiling,using the phase-change microchannel heat sink as the research object,the experiments on the flow boiling heat transfer performance of R245fa/R134a mixtures under different working conditions were carried out,and the characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer were obtained under the different working conditions,and comparison was developed with those of pure substance R245fa.The results demonstrated that a small amount of low-boiling-point components in the high-boiling-point working fluid inhibited boiling heat transfer to some extent,and lowered the average heat transfer coefficient under the non-dryout condition slightly lower than that of the pure substance;however,it also effectively delayed the onset of local dry-out and prevented significant deterioration in thermal transfer performance under the lower mass flow rate and higher heat flux,which could enhance the heat sink's stability.

关键词： microchannel flow boiling non-azeotropic mixture heat transfer characteristics dry-out

A green cross-linking method for the preparation of renewable threedimensional graphene sponges for efficient adsorption of Congo red dye

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期66卷 84-93页

作者： zhuang Liu Bo Gao Haoyuan han Yuling Li Haiyang Fu Donghui Wei Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high preparation costs,low yields,environmental pollution during synthesis,and challenges in regenerating the adsorbent.This study proposes a novel approach to address these limitations by developing nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)crosslinked graphene sponges(N-PGA)using a cross-linking method with ammonium carbonate.This method offers a relatively mild,environmentally friendly approach.Ammonium carbonate serves as both a reducing and modifying agent,facilitating the formation of the intrinsic structure of N-PGA and acting as a nitrogen source.Meanwhile,PVA is utilized as the cross-linking agent.The results demonstrate that N-PGA exhibits a favorable internal 3D hierarchical porous structure and possesses robust mechanical properties.The measured specific surface area(BET)of N-PGA was as high as406.538 m^(2)·g^(-1),which was favorable for its efficient adsorption of Congo red(CR)dye molecules.At an initial concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),N-PGA achieved an impressive removal rate of 89.6%and an adsorption capacity of 112 mg·g^(-1)for CR dye.Furthermore,it retained 79%of its initial adsorption capacity after 10 cycles,demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.In summary,the synthesized N-PGA displays remarkable efficacy in the adsorption of CR dye in wastewater,opening up new possibilities for utilizing 3D porous graphene nanomaterials as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Green chemistry Graphene sponge Adsorbents Adsorption Congo red Regeneration

Designing multi-heterogeneous interfaces of Ni-MoS_(2)@NiS_(2)@Ni_(3)S_(2)hybrid for hydrogen evolution

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4782-4789页

作者： Haoxuan Yu Junan Pan Yuxin Zhang Longlu Wang Huachao Ji Keyu Xu ting Zhi Zechao zhuang College of Electronic and Optical Engineering&College of Flexible Electronics(Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts&Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023China Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA

The transition metal chalcogenides represented by MoS_(2)are the ideal choice for non-precious metal-based hydrogen evolution catalysts.However,whether in acidic or alkaline environments,the catalytic activity of pure MoS_(2)is still difficult to compete with Pt.Recent studies have shown that the electronic structure of materials can be adjusted by constructing lattice-matched heterojunctions,thus optimizing the adsorption free energy of intermediates in the catalytic hydrogen production process of materials,so as to effectively improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen production activity of catalysts.However,it is still a great challenge to prepare heterojunctions with lattice-matched structures as efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen production catalysts.Herein,we developed a one-step hydrothermal method to construct Ni-MoS_(2)@NiS_(2)@Ni_(3)S_(2)(Ni-MoS_(2)on behalf of Ni doping MoS_(2))electrocatalyst with multiple heterogeneous interfaces which possesses rich catalytic reaction sites.The Ni-MoS_(2)@NiS_(2)@Ni_(3)S_(2)electrocatalyst produced an extremely low overpotential of 69.4 mV with 10 mA·cm^(−2)current density for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in 1.0 M KOH.This work provides valuable enlightenment for exploring the mechanism of HER enhancement to optimize the surface electronic structure of MoS_(2),and provides an effective idea for constructing rare metal catalysts in HER and other fields.

关键词： MoS_(2) heterojunctions multiple heterogeneous interfaces hydrogen evolution

A theoretical study on gaseous pollutant flushing of natural ventilation driven by buoyancy forces in industrial buildings

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 575-589页

作者： Jiawei zhuang Genyang Chen Rumeng Yang Kun han Dongdong Tian Yongfa Diao Henggen Shen School of Urban Construction Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering School of EnergyChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai201620China School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjing210093China

The acceleration of industrialization worsening indoor environments of industrial buildings has drawn more attention in recent years.Natural ventilation can improve indoor air quality(IAQ)and reduce carbon emissions.To evaluate gaseous pollutant levels in industrial buildings for the development of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation,two theoretical models of pollutant flushing(Model I and Model II)are developed based on the existing thermal stratification theory in combination with the mixing characteristics of lower pollutant.The results show that indoor pollutant flushing is mainly dependent on the pollution source intensity and effective ventilation area.The mixing characteristics of lower pollutant has an important effect on pollutant stratification and evolution during ventilation,but it does not change the prediction results at steady state.When the dimensionless pollution source intensity is larger than 1,the pollution source should be cleaned up or other ventilation methods should be used instead to improve IAQ.In addition,the comparisons between Model I and Model II on instantaneous pollutant concentration are significantly influenced by the pollution source intensity,and the actual pollutant concentration is more likely to be between the predicted values of Model I and Model II.To reduce pollutant concentration to a required level,the pollution source intensity should be in a certain range.The theoretical models as well as the necessary conditions for ventilation effectiveness obtained can be used for the ventilation optimization design of industrial buildings.

关键词： industrial buildings buoyancy-driven natural ventilation gaseous pollutants evolution model pollution sources

Androgen signaling inhibits de novo lipogenesis to alleviate lipid deposition in zebrafish

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 355-366页

作者： Jing-Yi Jia Guang-Hui Chen ting-ting Shu Qi-Yong Lou Xia Jin Jiang-Yan He Wu-han Xiao Gang Zhai Zhan Yin College of Fisheries Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430072China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes Chinese Sturgeon Research InstituteChina Three Gorges CorporationYichangHubei 443100China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Testosterone is closely associated with lipid metabolism and known to affect body fat composition and muscle mass in males.However,the mechanisms by which testosterone acts on lipid metabolism are not yet fully understood,especially in teleosts.In this study,cyp17a1-/-zebrafish(Danio rerio)exhibited excessive visceral adipose tissue(VAT),lipid content,and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis(DNL)enzymes.The assay for transposase accessible chromatinwithsequencing(ATAC-seq)results demonstrated that chromatin accessibility of DNL genes was increased in cyp17a1-/-fish compared to cyp17a1+/+male fish,including stearoyl-CoA desaturase(scd)and fatty acid synthase(fasn).Androgen response element(ARE)motifs in the androgen signaling pathway were significantly enriched in cyp17a1+/+male fish but not in cyp17a1-/-fish.Both androgen receptor(ar)-/-and wildtype(WT)zebrafish administered with Ar antagonist flutamide displayed excessive visceral adipose tissue,lipid content,and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis enzymes.The Ar agonist BMS-564929 reduced the content of VAT and lipid content,and down-regulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase a(acaca),fasn,and scd expression.Mechanistically,the rescue effect of testosterone on cyp17a1-/-fish in terms of phenotypes was abolished when ar was additionally depleted.Collectively,these findings reveal that testosterone inhibits lipid deposition by down-regulating DNL genes via Ar in zebrafish,thus expanding our understanding of the relationship between testosterone and lipid metabolism in teleosts.

关键词： Cyp17a1 Testosterone Androgen receptor De novo lipogenesis Fatty acid synthesis

Observation and verification of surface electrical explosion driven by radial-distributed pulsed current in laboratory lightning strike test

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 137-149页

作者： Ruoyu han Yuchen Cao Yakun Liu Xi Chen ting Li Chen Li Pengfei Li State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina Beijing Institute of Astronautical System Engineering BeijingChina Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology BeijingChina

The laboratory lightning test is essential for assessing the effectiveness of lightning strike protection(LSP).Particularly,direct lightning strike damage can be performed with pulsed current injection into the specimen.This paper focuses on the dynamic process of arc plasma and shock wave behaviour in the vicinity of the‘strike’point.A rod-plate discharge load is built for testing aluminium and coated plate under 40-kA-level pulsed current.The visualisation of the luminous discharge plasma and its flow field via high-speed photography(from different angles)is meticulously designed and implemented,synchronised with electro-physical diagnostics.The results indicate some new mechanisms for lightning strike damage,apart from the impulse heat loading from the thermal arc.The transient current injection through the arc root concentrates on a thin skin layer(skin-depth effect),with the radial-attenuated current density,driving asynchronously electrical explosions on the plate surface.The inhomogeneous Joule heating of the plate leads to outwardly propagating phase transition and shock wave along the conductive surface.In addition,the electro-thermal instability is observed and regarded as the seed of irregular erosion region.Spectroscopic information reveals two different plasma states of main discharge arc channel and adjacent surface electrical explosion.The correspondence of the physical mechanism of electrical explosion and optical radiation is established.Microscopic images for different regions depict erosion characteristics and summarise influencing factors,further confirming the mechanism above.The research clarifies the role of skin-depth effect in transaction arc erosion for electrode,complements the electrical explosion theory with unevenly distributed current and helps optimise strategies of LSP.

关键词： electrical lightning radial

Predictive value of positive lymph node ratio in patients with locally advanced gastric remnant cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 833-843页

作者： Meng Zhuo Lei Tian ting han Teng-Fei Liu Xiao-Lin Lin Xiu-Ying Xiao Department of Oncology Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127China Department of Oncology Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Traditional lymph node stage(N stage)has limitations in advanced gastric remnant cancer(GRC)patients;therefore,establishing a new predictive stage is necessary.AIM To explore the predictive value of positive lymph node ratio(LNR)according to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of locally advanced GRC.METHODS Seventy-four patients who underwent radical gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy for locally advanced GRC were retrospectively reviewed.The relationship between LNR and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression model.RESULTS Number of metastatic LNs,tumor diameter,depth of tumor invasion,Borrmann type,serum tumor biomarkers,and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage were correlated with LNR stage and N stage.Univariate analysis revealed that the factors affecting survival included tumor diameter,anemia,serum tumor biomarkers,vascular or neural invasion,combined resection,LNR stage,N stage,and TNM stage(all P<0.05).The median survival time for those with LNR0,LNR1,LNR2 and LNR3 stage were 61,31,23 and 17 mo,respectively,and the differences were significant(P=0.000).Anemia,tumor biomarkers and LNR stage were independent prognostic factors for survival in multivariable analysis(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The new LNR stage is uniquely based on number of metastatic LNs,with significant prognostic value for locally advanced GRC,and could better differentiate overall survival,compared with N stage.

关键词： Gastric remnant cancer Positive lymph node ratio Clinicopathological characteristics Prognosis

Synergistic effects of three traditional herbs green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk on glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts and the hypoglycemic mechanism

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Traditional Medicine Research 2024年第7期9卷 1-12页

作者： Jing-Na Zhou Ming-Yue Li ting-ting Zhang Jing-Yang Lu Min Zhang Peng-Wei zhuang Hai-Xia Chen Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery&High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China. School of Food Science and Bioengineering Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjin 300384China. State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin 300457China. Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Chinese Materia Medica CollegeTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China.

Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and trea

关键词： green tea mulberry leaf corn silk synergistic effect type 2 diabetes mellitus mechanism