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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第6期11卷 683-694页

作者： ting-ting liao zhen xiang wen-bing zhu li-qing fan Institute of Human Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering Central South University Changsha 410078 China

Globozoospermia is a severe form of teratozoospermia characterized by round-headed spermatozoa with an absent acrosome, an aberrant nuclear membrane and midpiece defects. Globozoospermia is diagnosed by the presence of 100% round-headed spermatozoa on semen analysis, and patients with this condition are absolutely infertile. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in protein expression between human round- headed and normal spermatozoa. Two-dimensional （2-D） fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis （DIGE） coupled with mass spectrometry （MS） was used in this study. Over 61 protein spots were analysed in each paired normal/round-headed comparison, using DIGE technology along with an internal standard. In total, 35 protein spots identified by tandem mass spectrometry （MS/MS） exhibited significant changes （paired t-test, P 〈 0.05） in the expression level between normal and round-headed spermatozoa. A total of nine proteins were found to be upregulated and 26 proteins were found to be downregulated in round-headed spermatozoa compared with normal spermatozoa. The differentially expressed proteins that we identified may have important roles in a variety of cellular processes and structures, including spermatogenesis, cell skeleton, metabolism and spermatozoa motility.

关键词： differential protein globozoospermia mass spectrometry (MS) two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE)

Next-generation machine vision systems incorporating two-dimensional materials: Progress and perspectives

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InfoMat 2022年第1期4卷 23-39页

作者： Peisong Wu ting He He zhu Yang Wang qing li zhen Wang Xiao Fu fang Wang Peng Wang Chongxin Shan Zhiyong fan Lei liao Peng Zhou Weida Hu State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices School of Physics and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangshaChina

Machine vision systems(MVSs)are an important component of intelligent systems,such as autonomous vehicles and ***,with the continuous increase in data and new application scenarios,new requirements are put forward for the next generation of *** is an urgent need to find new material systems to complement the existing semiconductor technology based on thin-film materials,and new architectures must be explored to improve *** of their unique physical properties,two-dimensional(2D)materials have received extensive attention for use in MVSs,especially in biomimetic ones:the human visual system,which can process complex visual information with low power consumption,provides a model for next-generation *** review paper summarizes the progress and challenges of applying 2D material photodetectors in sense-memory-computational integration and biomimetic image sensors for machine vision.

关键词： in-sensor computing machine vision systems photodetectors two-dimensional materials

Palladium-catalysed stereoselective[3+2]annulation of vinylethylene carbonates and tryptanthrin-based ketones

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第1期9卷 197-203页

作者： Yang fan qing-zhu li Jun-Long li Bin Zhang zhen Dai Ke Xie Rong Zeng liang Zou xiang Zhang College of Pharmacy Dali UniversityDali 671003PR China Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsSchool of PharmacyChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106PR China School of Food and Biological Engineering Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106PR China

The palladium-catalysed[3+2]annulation of vinylethylene carbonates(VECs)and ketones remains challenging in organic ***,we successfully achieved the[3+2]annulation of tryptanthrin-based ketones and VECs for the efficient synthesis of indoloquinazolinone derivatives with generally excellent yields and good ***,the asymmetric version of this[3+2]annulation can also be achieved by using a chiral spiroketal-based diphosphine *** addition,preliminary biological studies reveal that some of the products exhibit promising antibacterial activity.

关键词： synthesis vinyl Palladium

Design of hadronic calorimeter for DarkSHINE experiment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第9期35卷 155-167页

作者： zhen Wang Rui Yuan Han-qing liu Jing Chen xiang Chen Kim Siang Khaw liang li Shu li Kun liu Qi-Bin liu Si-Yuan Song Tong Sun Xiao-Long Wang Yu-Feng Wang Hai-Jun Yang Jun-Hua Zhang Yu-Lei Zhang Zhi-Yu Zhao Chun-xiang zhu Xu-liang zhu Yi-fan zhu Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University1 Lisuo RoadShanghai 201210China Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics School of Physics and Astronomy800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology(SKLPPC)Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China

The sensitivity of the dark photon search through invisible decay final states in low-background experiments relies sig-nificantly on the neutron and muon veto efficiencies,which depend on the amount of material used and the design of the detector *** paper presents the optimized design of the hadronic calorimeter(HCAL)used in the DarkSHINE experiment,which is studied using a GEANT4-based simulation *** geometry is optimized by comparing a traditional design with uniform absorbers to one that uses different thicknesses at different locations on the detector,which enhances the efficiency of vetoing low-energy neutrons at the sub-GeV *** overall size and total amount of material used in the HCAL are optimized to be lower,owing to the load and budget requirements,whereas the overall performance is studied to satisfy the physical objectives.

关键词： Hadronic calorimeter GEANT4 simulation Neutron background Scintillation detector Dark photon

Prospective study of light dark matter search with a newly proposed DarkSHINE experiment

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第1期66卷 124-138页

作者： Jing Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Jun-Feng Chen xiang Chen Chang-Bo Fu Jun Guo Le He zheng-ting He Kim Siang Khaw Jia-lin li liang li Shu li Meng Lv Dan-Ning liu Han-qing liu Kun liu Qi-Bin liu Yang liu Ze-Jia Lu Cen Mo Si-Yuan Song Xiao-Long Wang Yu-Feng Wang zhen Wang Zi-Rui Wang Wei-Hao Wu Dao xiang Hai-Jun Yang Jun-Hua Zhang Yu-Lei Zhang Zhi-Yu Zhao Xu-liang zhu Chun-xiang zhu Yi-fan zhu Tsung-DaoLee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201210China Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology(SKLPPC)Shanghai 200240China Center for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 10087lChina School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Suzhou UniversitySuzhou 234000China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Electronics Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China R&D Center Shanghai Instituteof CeramicsChinese Academyof SciencesShanghai 20189China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and lon-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China IKey Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MOE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai 200240.China College of literature Scienceand the ArtsUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109-1040USA Deparment of Physics Swiss Federal Institnute of Technology ZurichZurich 8093Swizerland

Dark photons have been well motivated as strong candidates for dark force carriers and light dark matter in the sub-GeV mass *** with collider experiments,fixed-target experiments provide a complementary approach to searching for dark photons,particularly in the lower mass *** have studied the physics potential of the electron-on-target experiment based on the Shanghai SHINE facility,which provides 10 MHz single electron beam at 8 GeV *** analysis focuses on dark photons being produced via electron and nucleon interaction and then decays to dark matter candidates,which escape detection as missing momentum in the *** experiment takes advantage of using missing momentum to enhance signal versus background separation *** this study,signal samples as a function of dark photon mass and an inclusive background sample with 2.5 billion events are simulated with *** better background estimates,major rare background processes have also been *** paper presents the experiment and detector design,signal and background simulations,analysis strategy,and the prospective study of the experiment *** 9×10^(14) electron-on-target events(about three years running),this experiment is expected to rule out most of the sensitive regions predicted by popular dark photon models.

关键词： dark matter dark photon electron-on-target experiment

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Comprehensive regulatory networks for tomato organ development based on the genome and RNAome of MicroTom tomato

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Horticulture Research 2023年第9期10卷 13-23页

作者： Jia-Yu Xue Hai-Yun fan zhen Zeng Yu-Han Zhou Shuai-Ya Hu Sai-Xi li Ying-Juan Cheng xiang-Ru Meng Fei Chen zhu-qing Shao Yves Van de Peer College of Horticulture Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China College of Tropical Crops Sanya Nanfan Research InstituteHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory Sanya 572025China Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhent UniversityB-9052 GhentBelgium Department of Biochemistry Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0028South Africa

MicroTom has a short growth cycle and high transformation efficiency,and is a prospective model plant for studying organ development,metabolism,and plant–microbe ***,with a newly assembled reference genome for this tomato cultivar and abundant RNA-seq data derived from tissues of different organs/developmental stages/treatments,we constructed multiple gene co-expression networks,which will provide valuable clues for the identification of important genes involved in diverse regulatory pathways during plant growth,*** mycorrhizal symbiosis and fruit ***,non-coding RNAs,including miRNAs,lncRNAs,and circRNAs were also identified,together with their potential *** networks between different types of non-coding RNAs(miRNA-lncRNA),and non-coding RNAs and genes(miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA)were constructed as *** results and data will provide valuable information for the study of organ differentiation and development of this important ***,we established a database(http://***/microTomBase/)with genomic and transcriptomic data,as well as details of gene co-expression and interacting networks on MicroTom,and this database should be of great value to those who want to adopt MicroTom as a model plant for research.

关键词： metabolism organs networks

Measurement of Br(n,γ)cross sections up to stellar s-process temperatures at the CSNS Back‑n

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第11期34卷 226-241页

作者： Gao‑Le Yang zhen‑Dong An Wei Jiang Xian‑Kai li Wei‑Wei Qiu zheng‑Fa liao Zi‑Yue zhuang Xiao‑Ping Zhang Sheng‑li Chen Chen‑Chen Guo Er‑Xi Xiao Xiao fang Xin‑xiang li Xin‑Rong Hu bing Jiang Jin‑Cheng Wang Jie Ren wen Luo Zhi‑Chao zhu Hao‑Yang Lan Zong‑Wei Cao Xu Ma Ying‑Du liu Pu‑Sen Wang Yi Yang Ping Su Xian‑Gai Deng Wan‑bing He Chun‑Wang Ma Yu‑ting Wang Zhi‑Tao Dai Peng‑Qin He Ren‑Guang Tang Tao Zhou Jing Wang Han Yi Yue Zhang Yong‑Hao Chen Rui‑Rui fan Ke‑qing Gao Qiang li Kang Sun Zhi‑Xin Tan Min‑Hao Gu Han‑Tao Jing Jing‑Yu Tang School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China Sino‑French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411100China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion‑beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China School of Physics Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Shenzhen Center Cancer hospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhen 518100China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The neutron capture cross sections(n,γ)of bromine were obtained using the time-of-flight technique at the Back-n facility of the China Spallation Neutron ***γ-rays originating from neutron-induced capture events were detected using four C_(6)D_(6) *** pulse-height weighting technique and double-bunch unfolding method based on Bayesian theory were used in the data *** deductions,normalization,and corrections were carefully considered to obtain reliable measurement *** multilevel R-matrix Bayesian code SAMMY was used to extract the resonance parameters in the resolved resonance region(RRR).The average cross sections in the unresolved resonance region(URR)were obtained from 10 to 400 *** experimental results were compared with data from several evaluated libraries and previous experi-ments in the RRR and *** TALYS code was used to describe the average cross sections in the *** astrophysical Maxwell average cross sections(MACSs)of ^(79,81)Br from kT=5 to 100 keV were calculated over a sufficiently wide range of neutron *** a thermal energy of kT=30 keV,the MACS value for ^(79)Br 682±68 mb was in good agreement with the KADoNiS v1.0 recommended *** contrast,the value of 293±29 mb for ^(81)Br was substantially higher than that of the evaluated database and the KADoNiS v1.0 recommended value.

关键词： Time-of-flight technique Neutron capture cross sections Maxwell average cross sections

Proteome Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup Strains C Associated with Outbreaks in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期23卷 251-258页

作者： YUAN HU zhu-JUN SHAO XIAO-MEI YAN BO-qing li FEI ZHAO DI XIAO JUN REN MING-HUAN zhenG CHUN-xiang fan li-HUA HE li XU YI-XIN GU HAI JIANG FENG-HUA GUO zhen-WEI DAI HONG-YU REN MEI-JUAN LU XIA CHEN qing-HUA ZOU fan-liANG MENG JIAN-ZHONG ZHANG National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention China CDC P O Box 5 Changping Beijing 102206 China Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hefei 230061 Anhui China

Objective During 2003-2005, an outbreak of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C occurred in China. With the aim to find strain clues result in the final epidemics, the ancestral strain 053442, a clinical isolate, and a carrier strain 053426 with different gene type were analyzed. Methods Clinical strain 053442 and carrier strain 053426 were cultured on GC agar plates under the same condition. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed using the pH 3–10 nonlinear IPG strips of 24 cm length, and all the protein spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectrometry. Results 502 and 380 protein spots were identified in 053426 and 053442 respectively, relating to 266 and 202 different genes covering a wide range of cellular functions. The express volume and number of proteins involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis and amino acid biosynthesis in 053426 were higher than in 053442. Virulence factor Opa, Opc and a series of proteins involved in pilus assembly and retraction were identified in 053442, which appear to be of primary importance in colonization and invasion of human cells. Compared to 053442, virulence protein species were less in 053426, with lower express volumes too. No Opa and Opc were detected in 053426. Conclusion The different protein expression profiles of the clinical strain 053442 and carrier strain 053426 in the present study provide some clues of the different pathogenicity of the two strains, which may account for result in the final epidemics.

关键词： Neisseria meningitidis Reference map Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS

Effect and Safety of Herbal Medicine Foot Baths in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy:A Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期30卷 195-202页

作者： HUANG Hao-yue liN Yu-ping WEI Hua FU Yu ZHOU Yue-hong fanG Zhao-hui QIU Xiao-tang WANG Mei li qing-bo li Shan-shan WANG Shi-dong DAI fang liU zhen-jie ZHAO ling wen Jian-xuan WU li-yan ZENG Hui-yan ZHANG Jin-ming LU Qi-yun HE liu SONG Wei SUN Lu LUO Lu-lu HE Jia-li XIE wen-wen liANG qing-shun HUANG Yuan zhu Sheng-ling LONG Jie-er GAO Zhi-juan wen Ze-huai li Chun-ji OUYANG wen-wei li Geng WU Ming-hui li An-xiang HUANG Jin-zhu Sanjoy K Paul TANG Xian-yu fan Guan-jie Department of Endocrinology Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510120China The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou510120China Department of Endocrinology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510120China Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guangzhou510120China Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou450000China Department of Endocrinology Liuyang Hospital of Chinese MedicineChangsha410000China Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei230000China Department of Endocrinology Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHaikou570100China Department of Endocrinology The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenyang110000China Department of Geriatric Luoyang No.1 Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineLuoyangHenan Province471000China Department of Endocrinology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyang550000China Department of Endocrinology Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing100000China Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyang550000China Melbourne EpiCentre The University of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourne3013Australia

Objective:To evaluate the effect and safety of foot baths with Tangbi Waixi Decoction(TW)in treating patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods:It is a multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled *** with DPN were recruited between November 18,2016 and May 30,2018 from 8 hospitals in *** patients received basic treatments for glycemic *** received foot baths with TW herbal granules either 66.9 g(intervention group)or 6.69 g(control group)for 30 min once a day for 2 weeks and followed by a 2-week rest,as a therapeutic *** the Toronto Clinical Scoring System total score(TCSS-TS)6 points,the patients received a total of 3 therapeutic courses(for 12 weeks)and were followed up for 12 *** primary outcome was change in TCSS-TS score at 12 and 24 *** outcomes included changes in bilateral motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV)and sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)of the median and common peroneal *** was also ***:Totally 632 patients were enrolled,and 317 and 315 were randomized to the intervention and control groups,*** the 12-week intervention,patients in both groups showed significant declines in TCSSTS scores,and significant increases in MNCV and SNCV of the median and common peroneal nerves compared with pre-treatment(P0.05),and no serious adverse event was related with ***:Treatment of TW foot baths was safe and significantly benefitted patients with DPN.A low dose of TW appeared to be more effective than a high dose.(Registry *** CTR-IOR-16009331)

关键词： diabetic peripheral neuropathy herbal medicine foot baths Chinese medicine randomized controlled trial Tangbi Waixi Decoction

The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 3449-3463页

作者： Ye Ai zhen li Wei-Hong Sun Juan Chen Diyang Zhang liang Ma qing-Hua Zhang Ming-Kun Chen qing-Dong zheng Jiang-Feng liu Yu-ting Jiang Bai-Jun li Xuedie liu Xin-Yu Xu Xia Yu Yu zheng Xing-Yu liao zhuang Zhou Jie-Yu Wang Zhi-wen Wang Tai-xiang Xie Shan-Hu Ma Jie Zhou Yu-Jie Ke Yu-zhen Zhou Hsiang-Chia Lu Ke-Wei liu Feng-Xi Yang Gen-Fa zhu Laiqiang Huang Dong-Hui Peng Shi-Pin Chen Siren Lan Yves Van de Peer Zhong-Jian liu Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinfor matics Ghent UniversityGentBelgium VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology GentBelgium College of Forestry Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina Management Office of Yushan Scenic Area FuzhouChina College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina PubBio-Tech WuhanChina Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute(TBSI) Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody The rapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsState Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Biopha rmaceutical and Health Engineering(iBHE)Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Environmental Horticulture Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina Department of Biochemistry Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa College of Horticulture Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture Shaoguan UniversityShaoguanChina Institute of Vegetable and Flowers Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina

The marvelously diverse Orchidaceae constitutes the largest family of *** genus Cymbidium in Orchidaceae is well known for its unique vegetation,floral morphology,and flower scent ***,a chromosomescale assembly of the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium(Jianlan)is *** genomic analysis showed that *** has experienced two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events,the most recent of which was shared by all orchids,while the older event was the t event shared by most *** results of MADS-box genes analysis provided support for establishing a unique gene model of orchid flower development regulation,and flower shape mutations in *** were shown to be associated with the abnormal expression of MADS-box *** most abundant floral scent components identi fied included methyl jasmonate,acacia alcohol and linalool,and the genes involved in the floral scent component network of *** were ***,the decreased expression of photosynthesis-antennae and photosynthesis metabolic pathway genes in leaves was shown to result in colorful striped leaves,while the increased expression of MADS-box genes in leaves led to perianth-like *** results provide fundamental insights into orchid evolution and diversi fication.

关键词： traits evolution establishing