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Pathogen-induced methylglyoxal negatively regulates rice bacterial blight resistance by inhibiting OsCDR1 protease activity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 325-341页

作者： Zheng-Wei Fu jian-Hui Li Xiang Gao Shi-jia Wang ting-ting Yuan Ying-Tang Lu State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of OilCrops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsOilCrops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062China

Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight(BB),a globally devastating disease of rice(Oryza sativa)that is responsible for significant crop loss.Sugars and sugar metabolites are important for pathogen infection,providing energy and regulating events associated with defense responses;howev-er,the mechanisms by which they regulate such events in BB are unclear.As an inevitable sugar metabolite,methylglyoxal(MG)is involved in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses,but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.Whether and how MG functions in plant biotic stress responses is almost completely unknown.Here,we report that the Xoo strain PXO99 induces OsWRKY62.1 to repress transcrip-tion of OsGLY Il genes by directly binding to their promoters,resulting in overaccumulation of MG.MG negatively regulates rice resistance against Pxo99:osglyll2 mutants with higher MG levels are more sus-ceptible to the pathogen,whereas OsGLYIl2-overexpressing plants with lower MG content show greater resistance than the wild type.Overexpression of OsGLYll2 to prevent excessive MG accumulation confers broad-spectrum resistance against the biotrophic bacterial pathogens Xoo and Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani,which causes rice sheath blight.Further evidence shows that MG reduces rice resistance against PXO99 through CONSTITUTIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE 1(OsCDR1).MGmodifies the Arg97 residue of OsCDR1to inhibit its aspartic protease activ-ity,which is essential for OsCDR1-enhanced immunity.Taken together,these findings illustrate how Xoo promotes infection by hijacking a sugar metabolite in the host plant.

关键词： Oryza sativa bacterial blight OsWRKY62.1 methylglyoxal OsCDR1

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Effects of thawing-induced softening on fracture behaviors of frozen rock

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 979-989页

作者： ting Wang Hailiang jia Qiang Sun Xianjun Tan Liyun Tang College of Geology and Environment Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430064China

Due to the presence of ice and unfrozen water in pores of frozen rock,the rock fracture behaviors are susceptible to temperature.In this study,the potential thawing-induced softening effects on the fracture behaviors of frozen rock is evaluated by testing the tension fracture toughness(KIC)of frozen rock at different temperatures(i.e.-20℃,-15℃,-12℃,-10℃,-8℃,-6℃,-4℃,-2℃,and 0℃).Acoustic emission(AE)and digital image correlation(DIC)methods are utilized to analyze the microcrack propagation during fracturing.The melting of pore ice is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method.The results indicate that:(1)The KIC of frozen rock decreases moderately between-20℃ and-4℃,and rapidly between-4℃ and 0℃.(2)At-20℃ to-4℃,the fracturing process,deduced from the DIC results at the notch tip,exhibits three stages:elastic deformation,microcrack propagation and microcrack coalescence.However,at-4℃e0℃,only the latter two stages are observed.(3)At-4℃e0℃,the AE activities during fracturing are less than that at-20℃ to-4℃,while more small events are reported.(4)The NMR results demonstrate a reverse variation trend in pore ice content with increasing temperature,that is,a moderate decrease is followed by a sharp decrease and-4℃ is exactly the critical temperature.Next,we interpret the thawing-induced softening effect by linking the evolution in microscopic structure of frozen rock with its macroscopic fracture behaviors as follow:from-20℃ to-4℃,the thickening of the unfrozen water film diminishes the cementation strength between ice and rock skeleton,leading to the decrease in fracture parameters.From-4℃ to 0℃,the cementation effect of ice almost vanishes,and the filling effect of pore ice is reduced significantly,which facilitates microcrack propagation and thus the easier fracture of frozen rocks.

关键词： Frozen sandstone Different thawing temperature Fracture toughness Microcrack propagation process Unfrozen water content

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Normal sperm head morphometric reference valuesin fertile Asian males

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 315-320页

作者： Ye-Lin jia Ying-Bi Wu Lin Yu Yan Zheng ting-ting Yang Yan-Yun Wang Bin Zhou Lin Zhang Fu-Ping Li Laboratory of Andrology West China Second University Hospital Human Sperm BankChengdu 610000China Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine Center for Translational MedicineChengdu 610061China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610061China NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610000China

Sperm head morphology is crucial for male factor infertility diagnosis and assessment of male reproductive potential.Severalcriteria are available to analyze sperm head morphology,but they are limited by poor methodology comparability and populationapplicability.This study aimed to explore comprehensive and new normal morphometric reference values for spermatozoa heads infertile Asian males.An automated sperm morphology analysis system captured 23152 stained spermatozoa from confirmed fertilemales.Of these samples,1856 sperm head images were annotated by three experienced laboratory technicians as“normal”.Weemployed 14 novel morphometric features to describe sperm head size(head length,head width,length/width ratio,and girth),shape(ellipse intersection over union,girth intersection over union,short-axis symmetry,and long-axis symmetry),area(head,acrosome,postacrosomal areas,and acrosome area ratio),and degrees of acrosome and nuclear uniformity.This straight-forwardmethod for the morphometric analysis of sperm by accurate visual measurements is clinically applicable.The measured parameterspresent valuable information to establish morphometric reference intervals for normal sperm heads in fertile Asian males.Thepresented detailed measurement data will be valuable for interlaboratory comparisons and technician training.In vitro fertilizationand andrology laboratory technicians can use these parameters to perform objective morphology evaluation when assessing malefertilization potential.

关键词： fertile Asian males head morphometric reference value normal spermatozoa

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Expression and clinical significance of short-chain fatty acids in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 601-611页

作者： Shuai-Jun Ren jia-ting Feng ting Xiang Cai-Lian Liao Yu-Ping Zhou Rong-Rong Xuan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315100Zhejiang ProvinceChina Health Science Center Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Digestive Disease Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315020Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP)is a pregnancy-specific liver condition that typically arises in the middle and late stages of pregnancy.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),prominent metabolites of the gut microbiota,have significant connections with various pregnancy complications,and some SCFAs hold potential for treating such complications.However,the metabolic profile of SCFAs in patients with ICP remains unclear.AIM To investigate the metabolic profiles and differences in SCFAs present in the maternal and cord blood of patients with ICP and determine the clinical significance of these findings.METHODS Maternal serum and cord blood samples were collected from both patients with ICP(ICP group)and normal pregnant women(NP group).Targeted metabolomics was used to assess the SCFA levels in these samples.RESULTS Significant differences in maternal SCFAs were observed between the ICP and NP groups.Most SCFAs exhibited a consistent declining trend in cord blood samples from the ICP group,mirroring the pattern seen in maternal serum.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between maternal serum SCFAs and cord blood SCFAs[r(Pearson)=0.88,P=7.93e-95].In both maternal serum and cord blood,acetic and caproic acids were identified as key metabolites contributing to the differences in SCFAs between the two groups(variable importance for the projection>1).Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that multiple SCFAs in maternal blood have excellent diagnostic capabilities for ICP,with caproic acid exhibiting the highest diagnostic efficacy(area under the curve=0.97).CONCLUSION Compared with the NP group,significant alterations were observed in the SCFAs of maternal serum and cord blood in the ICP group,although they displayed distinct patterns of change.Furthermore,the SCFA levels in maternal serum and cord blood were significantly positively correlated.Notably,certain maternal serum SCFAs,specifically caproic and acetic acids,demonstrated excellent diagnostic efficiency for ICP.

关键词： Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Short-chain fatty acids Maternal serum Cord blood Caproic acid

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Androgen signaling inhibits de novo lipogenesis to alleviate lipid deposition in zebrafish

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 355-366页

作者： Jing-Yi jia Guang-Hui Chen ting-ting Shu Qi-Yong Lou Xia Jin jiang-Yan He Wu-Han Xiao Gang Zhai Zhan Yin College of Fisheries Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430072China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes Chinese Sturgeon Research InstituteChina Three Gorges CorporationYichangHubei 443100China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Testosterone is closely associated with lipid metabolism and known to affect body fat composition and muscle mass in males.However,the mechanisms by which testosterone acts on lipid metabolism are not yet fully understood,especially in teleosts.In this study,cyp17a1-/-zebrafish(Danio rerio)exhibited excessive visceral adipose tissue(VAT),lipid content,and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis(DNL)enzymes.The assay for transposase accessible chromatinwithsequencing(ATAC-seq)results demonstrated that chromatin accessibility of DNL genes was increased in cyp17a1-/-fish compared to cyp17a1+/+male fish,including stearoyl-CoA desaturase(scd)and fatty acid synthase(fasn).Androgen response element(ARE)motifs in the androgen signaling pathway were significantly enriched in cyp17a1+/+male fish but not in cyp17a1-/-fish.Both androgen receptor(ar)-/-and wildtype(WT)zebrafish administered with Ar antagonist flutamide displayed excessive visceral adipose tissue,lipid content,and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis enzymes.The Ar agonist BMS-564929 reduced the content of VAT and lipid content,and down-regulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase a(acaca),fasn,and scd expression.Mechanistically,the rescue effect of testosterone on cyp17a1-/-fish in terms of phenotypes was abolished when ar was additionally depleted.Collectively,these findings reveal that testosterone inhibits lipid deposition by down-regulating DNL genes via Ar in zebrafish,thus expanding our understanding of the relationship between testosterone and lipid metabolism in teleosts.

关键词： Cyp17a1 Testosterone Androgen receptor De novo lipogenesis Fatty acid synthesis

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NQO1 Mediates Lenvatinib Resistance by Regulating ROS-induced Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Current Medical Science 2024年第1期44卷 168-179页

作者： Wei XUE ting WANG Wen-jing TIAN Si-qi PANG Hua-feng ZHANG Wei-dong jia Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Institute of Health and Medicine Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230601China The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease School of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide.As a first-line drug for advanced HCC treatment,lenvatinib faces a significant hurdle due to the development of both intrinsic and acquired resistance among patients,and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.The present study aims to identify the pivotal gene responsible for lenvatinib resistance in HCC,explore the potential molecular mechanism,and propose combinatorial therapeutic targets for HCC management.Methods Cell viability and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of cells to lenvatinib and dicoumarol.RNA-Seq was used to determine the differences in transcriptome between parental cells and lenvatinib-resistant(LR)cells.The upregulated genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG analyses.Then,qPCR and Western blotting were employed to determine the relative gene expression levels.Afterwards,the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Results PLC-LR and Hep3B-LR were established.There was a total of 116 significantly upregulated genes common to both LR cell lines.The GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these genes were involved in oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase activities,and reactive oxygen species pathways.Notably,NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)was highly expressed in LR cells,and was involved in the lenvatinib resistance.The high expression of NQO1 decreased the production of ROS induced by lenvatinib,and subsequently suppressed the apoptosis.The combination of lenvatinib and NQO1 inhibitor,dicoumarol,reversed the resistance of LR cells.Conclusion The high NQO1 expression in HCC cells impedes the lenvatinib-induced apoptosis by regulating the ROS levels,thereby promoting lenvatinib resistance in HCC cells.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma lenvatinib resistance NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 reactive oxygen species apoptosis dicoumarol

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Investigating the Absorption and Desorption Behavior of Methylene Chloride in the Poly(aryl ether ketone) Film with Different Crystallinities

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第2期42卷 239-246,I0009页

作者： Hong-Ru Yang Jin-Dong Zhang Dong-ting Gao Gang Liu Chun-Hai Chen jia-Nan Yao Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China

Poly(aryl ether keton e)(PAEK) films with different crystallinities were obtained by controlling the cooling rate,which were subjected to the absorption and desorption of methylene chloride(CH_(2)Cl_(2)).We employed attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy analyses to investigate the diffusion behavior of CH_(2)Cl_(2) in PAEK films with different crystallinities.According to the Fickian diffusion model,the calculated diffu sion coefficients of CH_(2)Cl_(2) in PAEK films were observed to decrease with increasing crystallinity.The effect of CH_(2)Cl_(2)absorption and desorption on the mechanical properties of PAEK films with different crystallinity was further analyzed using tensile tests.The tensile tests exhibited that CH_(2)Cl_(2) has two concurrent effects:plasticization and solvent-induced crystallization.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WXRD) techniques further confirmed solvent-induced crystallization behavior.The results would be beneficial to understand the solvent resistance of PAEK materials and consequently provide the practical application conditions of PAEK with a theoretical basis.

关键词： Poly(aryl ether ketone) Diffusion behavior Infrared spectra Solvent-induced crystallization Mechanical properties

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Enhanced carbon capture with motif-rich amino acid loaded defective robust metal-organic frameworks

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2004-2010页

作者： Qi-Ye Ju jia-jia Zheng Li Xu Hai-Yan jiang Zi-Qian Xue Lu Bai Yang-Yang Guo Ming-Shui Yao ting-Yu Zhu State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean ProcessInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Kyoto UniversityInstitute for Advanced StudyKyoto UniversityYoshidaUshinomiya-choSakyokuKyoto 606-8501Japan

The use of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as solid adsorption materials for carbon capture is promising,but achieving efficient and reversible adsorption with a balance of capacity and selectivity for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))over N_(2) remains a challenge.To take full advantage of the strong channel traffic and robustness of MOFs with relatively small pores,it is highly necessary to employ a defect-engineering strategy to construct a broader channel structure that can facilitate the loading of functional motif-rich amino acids(AAs).This strategy can greatly enhance the CO_(2) adsorption performance of MOF.In this study,motif-rich amino acids are loaded into the defective and robust porous frameworks via combined defect-engineering and post-synthetic methods.The defective Zr/Hf-MOF-808s modified with AAs,especially for the 18 mol%4-nitroisophthalic acid,generated defective products allowing for the loading of L-serine(L-Ser).This modification resulted in a significant improvement in both the adsorption capacity(248%improvement at 298 K,100 kPa)and the selectivity of CO_(2)/N_(2) using the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST),with the selectivity increasing to 120.55 and 38.27 at 15 and 100 kPa,respectively,while maintaining good cycling performance.Density functional theory(DFT)simulation,CO_(2) temperature-programmed desorption(CO_(2)-TPD),and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were further employed to have a better understanding of the enhanced CO_(2) adsorption capacity.Interestingly,unlike the AAs loaded pristine MOF-808s that showed the best CO_(2) adsorption capacity with the loading of short and small glycine(Gly),the broadened channel size in our work enables the loading of functional motif-rich L-serine,which brings more active binding sites,improving CO_(2) adsorption.

关键词： carbon capture and storage metal-organic framework(MOF) amino acids(AAs) defect-engineering motif-rich

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A zincophilic molecular brush for a dendrite-free,corrosionresistant,zinc metal anode with a long life cycle

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 390-396页

作者： Penggao Liu jia Guo Xinyue Chen ting Wang Yanping Huang Shasha Gao Tao Wang Dongling Wu Kaiyu Liu State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon based Energy Resources College of ChemistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830017China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of New Low-carbon Green Chemical Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringEducation Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province Department of Physics and Electronic EngineeringXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang 464000China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering(IRC4SE2) School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Zinc-based aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted extensive attention due to their low cost,safety,and environmental friendliness.However,dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution of Zn anodes limit their large-scale application.A new strategy to produce a polyacrylamide/reduced graphene oxide(PAM@rGO)molecular nanobrush coating and control Zn electrolyte interface engineering is proposed for use in highly reversible Zn plating/stripping.Hydrogen evolution is inhibited,and Zn deposition is consolidated using the rich zincophilic functional groups of the branched polyacrylamide chain and the high conductivity of rGO.Due to the synergistic effects of corrosion resistance and dendrite-free growth,PAM@rGO/Zn provides prolonged and reversible Zn plating/stripping.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations expand on homogenized nucleation.The PAM@rGO/Zn||activated carbon(AC)capacitor exhibits long cyclic stability,fast ion transfer,and minimal interfacial impedance.This study provides experimental and theoretical bases for the structural design of Zn anode.

关键词： zincophilic nanobrush polyacrylamide/reduced graphene oxide(PAM@rGO)/Zn surface modification Zn based energy storage

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Bilayer Compounded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane for Enhanced Oil-Water Emulsion Separation

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 838-850页

作者： Yu-Liang Yang Tai-Ran Zhang Yan-ting Han Shao-Yun Guo Qin-Gong Rong jia-Bin Shen State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan UniversitySichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing TechnologyChengdu610065China West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Shandong Senrong New Materials Co. Ltd.Zibo256401China

In order to achieve efficient and durable oil-water emulsion separation,the membranes possessing high separation efficiency and mechanical strength attract extensive attention and are in great demand.In present study,a kind of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based bilayer membrane was fabricated by electrospinning fibrous PTFE(fPTFE)on an expanded PTFE(ePTFE)substrate.The morphological observation revealed that the fibrous structure of the fPTFE layer could be tailored by controlling the formulation of spinning solution.The addition of appropriate polyoxyethylene(PEO)would make the fibers in the fPTFE layer finer and more uniform.As a result,the compounded membrane exhibited a small pore size of approximately 1.25µm and a substantial porosity nearing 80%.This led to super-hydrophobicity,characterized by a high water contact angle(WCA)of 149.8°,and facilitated rapid oil permeation.The water-in-oil emulsion separation experiment further confirmed that the compounded membrane not only had a high separation efficiency closing 100%,but such an outstanding separation capacity could be largely retained,either through multiple cycles of use or through strong acid(pH=1),strong alkali(pH=12),or high-temperature(100°C)treatment.Additionally,the mechanical behavior of the bilayer membrane was basically contributed by that of each layer in terms of their volume ratio.More significantly,the poor creep resistance of fPTFE layer was suppressed by compounding with ePTFE substrate.Hence,this study has laid the groundwork for a novel approach to create PTFE-based compounded membranes with exceptional overall characteristics,showing promise for applications in the realm of emulsion separation.

关键词： ePTFE Electrospinning membrane Bilayer compounding Emulsion separation

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