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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第4期9卷 221-233页

作者： Karya Kate Nanbol Otsanjugu Aku timothy Namo Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology University of JosP.M.B.2084JosPlateau StateNigeria

Nigeria is a country endowed with enormous food and agricultural resources such as yam, cassava, cocoa, rice, sugar cane, maize and millet. In the early years of Nigeria’s independence, cash crops such as rubber, cashew, groundnut and oil palm were the major crops around which the economy revolved. Today, there is a shift to alternatives for biofuel, pharmaceutical starch and derivatives using root and tuber crops, which have continued to play a significant role in the agricultural revolution of the country. The current agricultural transformation agenda in Nigeria is intended to engineer the bulk of root and tuber crops in the country into value-added products to match the increasing new tastes and demands for products across the globe. It is also intended to provide job opportunities and to generate additional income for low-income earners, especially in the rural areas. There is, therefore, the need to intensify research efforts aimed at exploring the potentials of major and minor root and tuber crops to ensure food security. In this review, six (6) major root and tuber crops, namely cassava (manihot esculenta Crantz), yam (Dioscorea spp.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott) and ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) as well as three (3) minor ones, namely the Hausa potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir) J. K. morton), Livingstone potato (Plectranthus esculentus ***.) and the Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) were examined. In spite of the numerous benefits derivable from these crops in terms of nutrition and medicinal values, some have been neglected to the extent that they are classified as orphan crops. Therefore, much more attention should be accorded to these crops, which have the potentials to contribute to food security in Nigeria.

关键词： Food security root crop tuber crop review

Diel dynamics of multi-omics in elkhorn fern provide new insights into weak CAm photosynthesis

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Plant Communications 2023年第5期4卷 208-222页

作者： Cheng Li Wenjie Huang Xiaoxu Han Guohua Zhao Wenyang Zhang Weijun He Bao Nie Xufeng Chen Taijie Zhang Wenhui Bai Xiaopeng Zhang Jingjing He Cheng Zhao Alisdair RFernie timothy JTschaplinski Xiaohan Yang Shijuan Yan Li Wang Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization Agro-biological Gene Research CenterGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA The Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA max Planck Institute of molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity Fairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen&Chinese Academy of ScienceShenzhenChina Institute of Plant Protection Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant ProtectionGuangzhouChina Kunpeng Institute of modern Agriculture at Foshan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesFoshanChina

Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAm)has high water-use efficiency(WUE)and is widely recognized to have evolved from C3 *** plant lineages have convergently evolved CAm,but the molecular mechanism that underlies C3-to-CAm evolution remains to be *** bifurcatum(elkhorn fern)provides an opportunity to study the molecular changes underlying the transition from C3 to CAm photosynthesis because both modes of photosynthesis occur in this species,with sporotrophophyll leaves(SLs)and cover leaves(CLs)performing C3 and weak CAm photosynthesis,***,we report that the physiological and biochemical attributes of CAm in weak CAm-performing CLs differed from those in strong CAm *** investigated the diel dynamics of the metabolome,proteome,and transcriptome in these dimorphic leaves within the same genetic background and under identical environmental *** found that multi-omic diel dynamics in *** exhibit both tissue and diel *** analysis revealed temporal rewiring of biochemistry relevant to the energy-producing pathway(TCA cycle),CAm pathway,and stomatal movement in CLs compared with *** also confirmed that PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE KINASE(PPCK)exhibits convergence in gene expression among highly divergent CAm *** regulatory network analysis identified candidate transcription factors regulating the CAm pathway and stomatal *** together,our results provide new insights into weak CAm photosynthesis and new avenues for CAm bioengineering.

关键词： Platycerium bifurcatum crassulacean acid metabolism multi-omics transcription factor PPCK convergent evolution

Biosystems Design to Accelerate C3-to-CAm Progression

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BioDesign Research 2020年第1期2020卷 18-33页

作者： Guoliang Yuan mdmahmudul Hassan Degao Liu Sung Don Lim Won Cheol Yim John C.Cushman Kasey markel Patrick m.Shih Haiwei Lu David J.Weston Jin-Gui Chen timothy J.Tschaplinski Gerald A.Tuskan Xiaohan Yang Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA The Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityDumkiPatuakhali 8602Bangladesh Department of Genetics Cell Biology and DevelopmentCenter for Precision Plant Genomicsand Center for Genome EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Applied Plant Sciences Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology University of NevadaRenoNVUSA Department of Plant Biology University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA Feedstocks Division Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCAUSA

Global demand for food and bioenergy production has increased rapidly,while the area of arable land has been declining for decades due to damage caused by erosion,pollution,sea level rise,urban development,soil salinization,and water scarcity driven by global climate *** order to overcome this conflict,there is an urgent need to adapt conventional agriculture to water-limited and hotter conditions with plant crop systems that display higher water-use efficiency(WUE).Crassulacean acid metabolism(CAm)species have substantially higher WUE than species performing C3 or C4 *** plants are derived from C3 photosynthesis ***,it is extremely unlikely that the C3 or C4 crop plants would evolve rapidly into CAm photosynthesis without human ***,there is growing interest in improving WUE through transferring CAm into C3 ***,engineering a major metabolic plant pathway,like CAm,is challenging and requires a comprehensive deep understanding of the enzymatic reactions and regulatory networks in both C3 and CAm photosynthesis,as well as overcoming physiometabolic limitations such as diurnal stomatal *** advances in CAm evolutionary genomics research,genome editing,and synthetic biology have increased the likelihood of successful acceleration of C3-to-CAm ***,we first summarize the systems biology-level understanding of the molecular processes in the CAm ***,we review the principles of CAm engineering in an evolutionary ***,we discuss the technical approaches to accelerate the C3-to-CAm transition in plants using synthetic biology toolboxes.

关键词： overcome acceleration evolve

颈动脉血管重建预防卒中——颈动脉内膜切除术和颈动脉支架置入术

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中华脑血管病论坛 2005年第5期3卷 542-554页

作者： Thomas G Brott Robert D Brown Jr Fredric B meyer David A miller Harry J Cloft timothy m Sullivan 冯东侠（译）陈罡（译）叶富华（译）王其平（译）周新明（译）不详东南大学微侵袭神经外科研究所江阴214400

颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）用于颈动脉闭塞患者已经有数十年历史，大型随机对照试验已经证实，对于近期发生短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死的颈动脉狭窄患者，CEA能够有效地预防卒中，临床试验资料提示，与无症状颈动脉狭窄患者相比，CEA对有... 详细信息

颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）用于颈动脉闭塞患者已经有数十年历史，大型随机对照试验已经证实，对于近期发生短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死的颈动脉狭窄患者，CEA能够有效地预防卒中，临床试验资料提示，与无症状颈动脉狭窄患者相比，CEA对有症状患者的卒中预防作用更加显著。然而，如果CEA治疗与单独内科治疗相比，颈动脉狭窄≥60%但其他方面健康的人群将来发生脑梗死的风险很低，包括致残性脑梗死。最近，颈动脉支架置入术（CAS）在颈动脉闭塞性疾病患者中的应用日益增多。随着技术地不断提高，操作风险已明显降低，正在逐渐接近所报道的CEA风险。CEA相对于CAS的益处和作用持续时间不清楚，针对这一问题的随机对照试验正在进行之中。

关键词：预防作用动脉支架随机对照试验操作风险 CEA 持续时间 CAS 患者脑缺血

手术中用三维经食道超声心动图测量心输出量的准确性和可行性

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麻醉与镇痛 2009年第1期5卷 47-51页

作者： William C. Culp timothy R.Ball Christopher J. Burnett 易莉莎(译) 姚尚龙(校) Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Scott & White Hospital The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine Temple TX 不详

背景本研究中，我们试图用三维经食道超声心动图（3DTEE）确定心输出量，并评价其在手术中应用的可行性。方法同时用3DTEE和热稀释．法测定20例行心脏手术的患者在临床上稳定的体外循环前期时的心输出量。结果用这2种方法测定心输出量... 详细信息

背景本研究中，我们试图用三维经食道超声心动图（3DTEE）确定心输出量，并评价其在手术中应用的可行性。方法同时用3DTEE和热稀释．法测定20例行心脏手术的患者在临床上稳定的体外循环前期时的心输出量。结果用这2种方法测定心输出量之间的相关系数是0．86。3DTEE的平均偏差是0．27L／min，范围是一1．64—2．17L／min（一致性为±35％）。平均三维数据采集时间为43秒，数据后处理时间为7分钟。结论可以用3DTEE来测量心输出量，并且这种方法在围手术期是可行的。虽然这种方法同热稀释法相比差异有显著性，且一致性较差，但是与热稀释法有很好的相关性。

关键词：经食道超声心动图心输出量手术中应用三维数据测量热稀释法体外循环心脏手术

消痈溃得康及其拆方预防乙醇致大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的抗氧化机制

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世界科学技术-中医药现代化 2016年第12期18卷 2105-2110页

作者：董文秀才丽平花梦李宁孙云峰蒋宁 timothy Helland 林庶茹郑洪新周学文辽宁中医药大学分子生物实验室沈阳110084 辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用教育部重点实验室沈阳110084 辽宁中医药大学第一临床学院消化内科沈阳110032

目的:探讨消痈溃得康及其拆方对乙醇致大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:将48只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、消痈溃得康组、清热解毒组、和血止血组、托里生肌组。给药组连续给药5天,末次给药1 h后,模型组和给药组灌胃1... 详细信息

目的:探讨消痈溃得康及其拆方对乙醇致大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:将48只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、消痈溃得康组、清热解毒组、和血止血组、托里生肌组。给药组连续给药5天,末次给药1 h后,模型组和给药组灌胃1 m L无水乙醇,作用1 h,造成大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤。以大体及光镜下观察评价消痈溃得康及其拆方对胃黏膜损伤的保护作用;采用生化检测法检测胃组织中谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)含量、脂质过氧化物(Lipid Peroxide,LPO)含量以及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase,i NOS)活力的变化。结果:消痈溃得康及各拆方组溃疡指数明显低于模型组(P<0.01),给药组与模型组比较大鼠胃组织中GSH含量明显高于模型组(P<0.01),LPO含量明显低于模型组(P<0.01),i NOS酶活力明显低于模型组(P<0.01)。结论:消痈溃得康对乙醇诱导的大鼠急性胃损伤具有明显的保护作用,其中消痈溃得康组和清热解毒组药物作用最为明显,提示乙醇诱导的大鼠急性胃损伤符合中医毒热证证型,消痈溃得康及各拆方对其保护作用的机制可能与抗氧化有关。

关键词：消痈溃得康乙醇致胃损伤抗氧化

Process-based modelling of timothy survival in winter

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Process-based modelling of timothy survival in winter

Utilization of mechanical compression as a disinfestation technique for Hessian fly(mayetiola destructor(say))in timothy hay:Field test

ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： m.Van Oijen S.m.Thorsen A.H.C.m.Schapendonk m.Hglind CEH-Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik EH26 OQBU.K Bioforsk Saerheim Norway Plant Dynamics Wageningen The Netherlands CEH-Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik EH26 OQBU.K.

＜正＞Introduction timothy（Phleum pratense,L.） is the most widely grown sown grass species for silage and hay production in Scandinavia,and is common in many other countries with a cold and maritime climate,like Canada and the Baltic countries. Although timothy is a winter hardy species,every winter some damage is *** two most severe damage mechanisms are frost and ice-encasement followed by anoxia and build-up of toxic compounds in and around the *** major tolerance

关键词： climate change damage mechanisms tolerance physiology yield

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第4期4卷 12-20页

作者： Lope G.Tabil S.Talebi m.D.Shaw W.J.Crerar Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus DriveSaskatoonSKS7N 5A9Canada

Baled timothy hay underwent testing at a hay processing plant in Canada to determine if mechanical compression(rebaling)could be used as a disinfestation protocol for Hessian fly(mayetiola destructor(Say))*** sensitive films were randomly placed throughout the hay material,on the chamber walls,and in different orientations,to assess the hay compaction unit’s ability to induce the required pressure to crash a Hessian fly puparium in the *** to the pressure films were organdy cages containing wheat seedlings infested with Hessian fly *** variables which were tested included the hold time(0.5 and 2.0 s),applied pressure(10.34 and 12.41 mPa),and timothy hay quality(low-moisture first cut,high-moisture first cut and high-moisture second cut hay).A total of 36 tests were *** each test,10 Hessian fly cages and 10 pressure sensitive films were *** test cage contained approximately 168.56 Hessian fly puparia,translating into a total Hessian fly count of 60681 for the entire field *** of the pressure sensitive films showed that 100%of the hay experienced at least 200 kPa(29 psi)of *** the 75-day post experiment emergence period,0.0066%of the puparia survived,which may be due to the fact that the emerged puparia might have not been crushed and not subjected to a pressure of at least 20.6 *** applied pressures affected Hessian fly emergence by considerably reducing the number of puparia that ***,Hessian fly emerged from one of the cages in two *** of the Hessian fly puparia were destroyed irrespective of the applied pressure,hold time or hay quality.

关键词： mechanical compression Hessian fly disinfestation hay bale rebaling emergence

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下一场大火

中国房地产金融 2020年第1期 130-132页

作者：本·伯南克蒂莫西·盖特纳亨利·保尔森不详美国第75任财政部保尔森基金会美国第74任财政部

“应对下一场金融危机,我们需要准备好足够的灭火工具。”金融浩劫很少发生。通常,金融市场是因为自身混乱而引火烧身的。市场自发调整,公司开始倒闭,但势态一如既往有时候,金融危机的火势过猛,以至于政策制定者不得不出面“灭火”。

关键词：金融危机金融市场政策制定者公司灭火工具