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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 449-458页

作者： Kiflu Gebramicael Tesfamicael Endale Gebre timothy j.march Beata Sznajder Diane E.Mather Carlos Marcelino Rodríguez López Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group Department of HorticultureCollege of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA Policy Study Institute P.O.Box:2479Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Agriculture Food&WineThe University of AdelaideWaite CampusGlen OsmondSAAustralia

Enset(Ensete ventricosum(Welw.)Cheesman)is a drought tolerant,vegetatively propagated crop that was domesticated in *** is a staple food for more than 20 million people in *** its current importance and immense potential,enset is among the most genetically understudied and underexploited food *** collected 230 enset wild and cultivated accessions across the main enset producing regions in Ethiopia and applied amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and genotype by sequencing(GBS)analyses to these *** and cultivated accessions were clearly separated from each other,with 89 genes found to harbour SNPs that separated wild from cultivated *** these,17 genes are thought to be involved in flower initiation and seed *** cultivated accessions,differentiation was mostly associated with geographical location and with proximity to wild *** results indicate that vegetative propagation of elite clones has favoured capacity for vegetative growth at the expense of capacity for sexual *** is consistent with previous reports that cultivated enset tends to produce non-viable seeds and flowers less frequently than wild enset.

关键词： cultivated elite flowers

Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： Meichen Wang Kelly j Rivenbark timothy D Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AMPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(CM)and acid processed montmorillonite(APM)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APM inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern Andrew Kim Adam j.Griebel Paulette Clancy timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

The Regional Economic Impacts of Coal Mining: A Case Study of Signal Peak Energy

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Natural Resources 2024年第8期15卷 211-223页

作者： timothy j. Considine School of Energy Resources University of Wyoming Laramie USA

This paper quantifies the regional economic contributions of coal exports from the US using a case study of Signal Peak Energy in Montana. Two methods of estimating economic contributions are compared, contribution and impact analysis. The latter is adopted because the industry impact analysis is more accurate, especially since it is based upon accounting records from Signal Peak. Our estimates of regional economic and fiscal impacts do not vary significantly with the price of coal because we explicitly account for swings in royalty income. Our analysis finds that Signal Peak Energy supports 678 jobs, over $55 million in tax revenues, more than $90 million in royalties, $111.7 million in value added, and $62.3 million in labor income. Curtailing or halting Signal Peak’s coal production for environmental reasons as some environmental groups have argued would eliminate these economic contributions.

关键词： Coal Regional Economic Exports Fiscal

In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton L.Gattis jeffrey C.Wolchok timothy j.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanced Selectivity of C_(s)‑Symmetric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina F.Farac Alan j.Lough timothy P.Bender Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of functional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Nc_(p))s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of C_(s-),C_(3v-),and,in some cases,C_(1)-symmetric compounds that form during traditional statistical mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity for the targeted C_(s)-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of sterically crowded macrocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or F)in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,significantly higher than that of conventional mixed *** findings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle ***,the incorporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid framework resulted in fine-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical *** straightforward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of the product distribution,affording the efficient synthesis of structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of 3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles for use in a range of applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian timothy j.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish Peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Complete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and amino acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean meal[SBM]and canola meal[CM])were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM(413 g/kg)or CM(553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible marker.A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBM group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;P<0.05)was observed on the average SIDC of dispensable AA(DAA)in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of some individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(P<0.05 or P<0.001)in a quadratic manner by *** the CM,the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by *** SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by different magnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： Sarah Babington Alan j.Tilbrook Shane K.Maloney jill N.Fernandes Tamsyn M.Crowley Luoyang Ding Archa H.Fox Song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino timothy j.Mahony Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a *** is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare *** behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative *** welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to *** this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human *** proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological *** also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker Stress Welfare assessment

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K jacobs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell timothy j Kendall David A Dorward jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes john N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting MASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVID-19 COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy

Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： jorge A.Gutierrez III jeremy L.Barth Rodney j.Schlosser Thomas S.Edwards timothy L.Smith Zachary M.Soler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory *** purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).Methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)***:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(P<0.001,fold change 2.69).Reactome functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(P<0.05,FDR correction)including IL-4 and IL-13 signaling,IL-10 signaling,and rhodopsin-like ***:RNA sequencing of the superior turbinates in patients with CRSsNP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory *** study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with *** study also prompts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing