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Natural Science 2021年第6期13卷 194-207页

作者： timothy e. Black Medhat Radi Amanda Somers Charles I. Abramson Laboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Psychology Department Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Pest Physiology Department Plant Protection Research Institute ARC Giza Egypt

Honey bees are an established animal model for studying learning and memory related behaviors. In recent years, honey bees have become more common as a model for investigations of molecular biology, including gene expression. Honey bees have been used to extrapolate genetic functions found in other invertebrates, such as Drosophila melanogaster. The honey bee model has also provided a means for isolating novel genes, including non-coding microRNA fragments. Integrating the study of learning and memory with molecular genetics, the present work examines the effect of learning acquisition and memory consolidation in free-choice paradigms on the expression of a suite of genes of interest. Results suggest that short-term learning acquisition causes differential expression of microRNA fragments, while memory consolidation differentially affects the expression of the serine/threonine protein kinase gene in honey bees. These results corroborate previous findings suggesting the importance of protein kinases in the formation of long term memory, and suggest that microRNA may play a large role in regulation of cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins.

关键词： Honey Bees Learning Memory Gene expression microRNA

Use of models in large-area forest surveys： comparing model-assisted, model-based and hybrid estimation

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Forest ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 153-163页

作者： Goran Stahl Svetlana Saarela Sebastian Schnell Soren Holm Johannes Breidenbach Sean P. Healey Paul L. Patterson Steen Magnussen erik Naesset Ronald e. McRoberts timothy G. Gregoire Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences UmeA Sweden. Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research As Norway. USDA Forest Service Washington D.C. USA. Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre British Columbia Canada Norwegian University of Life Sciences As Norway. School of Forestry and Fnvirnnmental Studies. Yale Universitv New Haven CT USA.

This paper focuses on the use of models for increasing the precision of estimators in large-area forest surveys. It is motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, which facilitates the development of models predicting the variables of interest in forest surveys. We present, review and compare three different estimation frameworks where models play a core role： model-assisted, model-based, and hybrid estimation. The first two are well known, whereas the third has only recently been introduced in forest surveys. Hybrid inference mixes design- based and model-based inference, since it relies on a probability sample of auxiliary data and a model predicting the target variable from the auxiliary *** review studies on large-area forest surveys based on model-assisted, model- based, and hybrid estimation, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. We conclude that no general recommendations can be made about whether model-assisted, model-based, or hybrid estimation should be preferred. The choice depends on the objective of the survey and the possibilities to acquire appropriate field and remotely sensed data. We also conclude that modelling approaches can only be successfully applied for estimating target variables such as growing stock volume or biomass, which are adequately related to commonly available remotely sensed data, and thus purely field based surveys remain important for several important forest parameters.

关键词： Design-based inference Model-assisted estimation Model-based inference Hybrid inference Nationalforest inventory Remote sensing Sampling

Comparison of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Delivery Techniques for early-Stage Lung Cancer Using Lung Toxicity Modeling

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical engineering and Radiation Oncology 2018年第1期7卷 1-14页

作者： Chunhui Han timothy e. Schultheiss Jeffrey Y. C. Wong Department of Radiation Oncology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA USA

Purpose: Lung toxicity is a primary side effect in stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to use a set of radiobiological models to evaluate and compare modern IMRT delivery techniques with three-dimensional conformal techniques for SBRT treatment of NSCLC in terms of lung toxicity, and aimed to compare the results from different radiobiologcal models. Methods: Ten early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT were retrospectively selected. Five treatment plans were generated to deliver 50 Gy in five fractions to the planning target volume for each case: a helical tomotherapy (HT) plan, two three-dimensional cofnromal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans using 6-MV and 10-MV photon beams respectively, and two volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans using one and two arc fields respectively. The lung RDV was calculated with three parallel functional sub-unit (FSU) models and two normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models. Results: Both the HT and VMAT plans showed significantly higher contralateral mean lung dose and lower ipsilateral mean lung dose compared to the 3D-CRT plans. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of lung toxicities between the IMRT and 3D-CRT techniques using either the FSU models or the NTCP models. Based on both the FSU and the NTCP models, there was strong correlation between lung toxicity and the mean lung dose in SBRT treatment plans. Conclusions: Based on both the NTCP and parallel FSU models, both IMRT and traditional 3D-CRT delivery techniques could achieve comparable lung sparing inn SBRT treatment of early-stage lung cancer. However, the validity of the radiobiological model results should be checked by clinical data.

关键词： early-Stage Lung Cancer SBRT Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Lung Toxicity

Radiographic characteristics of neuroendocrine liver metastases do not predict clinical outcomes following liver resection

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 1-12,中插1页

作者： emily A.Armstrong eliza W.Beal Manisha Shah Bhavana konda Sherif Abdel-Misih Aslam ejaz Mary e.Dillhoff timothy M.Pawlik Jordan M.Cloyd The Ohio State University College of Medicine ColumbusOHUSA Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Department of Internal Medicine Division of Medical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA

Background: Previous research has demonstrated that specific radiographic criteria, including the presence of calcifications and the enhancement pattern on computed tomography (CT) imaging, correlates with clinicopathologic features and outcomes of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NeT). We sought to investigate whether these radiographic characteristics were prognostic among patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases (NeLM) undergoing surgical resection. Methods: The preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scans of all patients who underwent resection of NeLM at a single institution between 2000-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of calcifications was determined on non-contrast phase imaging. enhancement on the arterial phase scan was categorized as hyperenhancing, hypoenhancing, or mixed. Relevant clinicopathologic characteristics as well as recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups. Results: Among 82 patients who underwent resection of NeLM, 57 had available data on calcifications while 51 had data available on arterial enhancement patterns. Among all patients, median age was 58 (IQR:47-63) and the majority were female (N=48, 59.5%). The most common primary tumor locations were pancreas (N=25, 30.5%) and small bowel (N=27, 32.9%). The most commonly performed operations were right hepatectomy (N=29, 35.4%), bisegmentectomy (N=15, 18.3%), and segmentectomy (N=14, 17.1%). Median tumor number was 4 (IQR: 2-9), median ki-67 was 5% (IQR: 2-10%), and median size of the largest liver metastasis was 4.5 (IQR: 2.8-7.7) cm. Twelve (21%) patients had tumor calcifications. Among patients with and without calcifications there were no differences in demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, RFS (P=0.772) or OS (P=0.095). Arterial enhancement was hypoenhancing in 23 (45.1%), hyperenhancing in 10 (19.6%), and mixed in 18 (35.3%). Similarly, there were no differences between arterial enhancemen

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumor (NeT) carcinoid hepatectomy radiomics prognosis

Non-Consumptive Activities on a Public Hunting and Fishing Area

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Natural Resources 2014年第14期5卷 876-883页

作者： Greg Simpson Michael e. Barnes timothy M. Parker Jill Voorhees South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks Rapid City South Dakota USA

The activities of all 1513 individuals who visited a public hunting and fishing area near Spearfish, South Dakota, USA, were recorded from May 16 to August 16, 2006. Over the entire period, slightly less than 60% of the visitors were engaged in fishing, and they accounted for nearly 80% of the total visitation time. Over 40% of the visitors were primarily there for non-consumptive (not hunting or fishing) reasons, including touring (sight-seeing), dog training and exercising, and swimming. Less than 1% of the visitors were there for photography. The percentage of visitors fishing decreased from a high of over 65% in the first 31-day period to less than 50% in the third 31-day period, with nearly all of the non-consumptive activities showing a reverse trend. The percentage of visitors swimming or conducting dog activities doubled from the first to third periods. The percentage of time that visitors spent fishing decreased over time, while the time spent on non-consumptive activities increased. However, the increase in non-consumptive activity time was not necessarily in proportion to the increase in the number of visitors involved with non-consumptive activities. By the final period, more visitors were at the area for touring, dogs, and swimming, than for fishing, but fishing still accounted for most of the visitation time. These results indicate an abundance of non-consumptive activities on a public area purchased and maintained with revenue from consumptive hunting and fishing activities, creating the opportunity for user conflicts and potentially threatening the user-pay model of natural resource conservation.

关键词： Public Land Fishing Hunting Non-Consumptive Activities Dogs Visitation

Joint Contact Forces with Changes in Running Stride Length and Midsole Stiffness

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2020年第1期2卷 69-76页

作者： Joshua M.Thomas WBrent edwards timothy R.Derrick Department of Health Wellnessand SportUniversity of DubuqueDubuqueIA 52001USA Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of kinesiology Iowa State University111L Forker BuildingAmesIA 50011USA

The purpose of this study was to determine if lower extremity joint loading was influenced by stride length or shoe midsole *** subjects completed 10 trials of overground running at an average speed of 4.43 m/s in each of three condi-tions:normal running,running with a stride length(SL)reduced by 10%of normal,and running with a cushioned midsole stiffness(i.e.,mechanical impact reduction of 13.7-10.9 g).Reaction forces calculated from inverse dynamics were summed with muscle forces estimated from a musculoskeletal model using static optimization to obtain joint contact forces at the hip,knee and ankle *** components of the contact forces[axial,anterior-posterior,and medial-lateral(ML)]were examined using parametric statistics(α=0.05).Reducing stride length resulted in significant decreases in absolute peak ankle contact forces in the axial direction(normal:-14.5±1.5 BW;reduced SL:-14.0±1.6 BW)and the ML direction(normal:0.67±0.23 BW;reduced SL:0.61±0.21 BW).Reducing stride length also reduced the peak absolute axial forces at the knee(normal:-10.6±1.3 BW;reduced SL:-9.8±1.2 BW)and the hip(normal:-7.26±2.24 BW;reduced SL:-6.75±2.10 BW).The cushioned shoe did not statistically reduce the peak absolute contact forces from the normal stride condition at any of the *** hoc stress analysis suggested that the observed changes in anterior hip force would increase stress more than any of the other statistically significant *** in stride length appear to decrease some joint contact variables but cushioning in the heel region of the shoe does not.

关键词： Gait Injury Compressive force Shear force Cushioning Strain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and degradation products in topsoil from Australia and the United kingdom

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emerging Contaminants 2016年第1期2卷 37-41页

作者： Jennifer Desborough timothy evans Jochen Müller Stuart Harrad School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom National Research Centre for environmental Toxicology(entox) The University of Queensland39 Kessels RoadBrisbaneQueensland 4108Australia

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)is listed under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants,yet very few data are available on HBCDD concentrations in *** concentrations of total hexabromocyclododecanes(SHBCDDs)from soils from the Uk(n=24)were 0.73 ng g^-1 dry weight(range1-430 ng g^-1)and exceed significantly(p=0.002)those in Australian soils(n=17,median=0.10 ng g^-1,range1).Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)(average=4.7 ng SPCBs g^-1,range=0.39-21 ng g^-1)were determined in 19 Uk samples and found to be statistically indistinguishable(p>0.05)from those of HBCDDs;thereby underlining the extent to which HBCDDs have migrated into the Uk ***,PCB concentrations in this study are not markedly lower than those recorded in Uk soils sampled in the mid-1980s indicating that the initial rapid decline in Uk contamination with PCBs following bans on their manufacture and use,has not been *** products of HBCDD:pentabromocyclododecenes(PBCDs)and tetrabromocyclododecadienes(TBCDs)were detected in some Uk soil samples with semi-quantitative concentrations ranging between 0.01 and 7.3 ng g^-1 for SPBCDs and 0.01e1.3 ng g^-1 for *** Australian soils only STBCDs were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.0023 to 0.45 ng g^-*** signatures of HBCDDs were racemic or non-racemic in all samples indicating minimal edaphic enantioselective degradation.A horizontal transect at the most contaminated Uk location(a suburban garden)revealed a marked decrease in concentrations of HBCDDs with increasing distance from buildings.

关键词： Soil BFRs POPs Chiral signatures enantiomer fractions

An apple rootstock overexpressing a peach CBF gene alters growth and flowering in the scion but does not impact cold hardiness or dormancy

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 287-295页

作者： timothy S Artlip Michael e Wisniewski Rajeev Arora John L Norelli USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWVUSA Department of Horticulture Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

The C-repeat binding factor(CBF)transcription factor is involved in responses to low temperature and water deficit in many plant *** of CBF genes leads to enhanced freezing tolerance and growth inhibition in many *** overexpression of a peach CBF(PpCBF1)gene in a transgenic line of own-rooted apple(Malus×domestica)M.26 rootstock(T166)trees was previously reported to have additional effects on the onset of dormancy and time of spring *** the current study,the commercial apple cultivar‘Royal Gala’(RG)was grafted onto either non-transgenic M.26 rootstocks(RG/M.26)or transgenic M.26(T166)rootstocks(RG/T166)and field grown for 3 *** PpCBF1 transcript was detected in the phloem or cambium of RG scions grafted on T166 rootstocks indicating that no graft transmission of transgene mRNA had *** contrast to own-rooted T166 trees,no impact of PpCBF1 overexpression in T166 rootstocks was observed on the onset of dormancy,budbreak or non-acclimated leaf-cold hardiness in RG/T166 ***,however,as measured by stem caliper,current-year shoot extension and overall height,was reduced in RG/T166 trees compared with RG/M.26 *** flowering was evident in both RG/T166 and RG/M.26 trees in the second season,the number of trees in flower,the number of shoots bearing flowers,and the number of flower clusters per shoot was significantly higher in RG/M.26 trees than RG/T166 trees in both the second and third year after *** levels of RGL(DeLLA)gene expression were observed in RG/T166 trees and T166 trees,which may play a role in the reduced growth observed in these tree types.A model is presented indicating how CBF overexpression in a rootstock might influence juvenility and flower abundance in a grafted scion.

关键词： impact CBF grafted

effect of thinning intensity on the stem CO_(2) efflux of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr

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Forest ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 841-855页

作者： kuangji Zhao timothy J.Fahey Xiangzhen Wang Jie Wang Fang He Chuan Fan Zhongkui Jia Xianwei Li Sichuan Province key Laboratory of ecological Forestry engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural University611130 ChengduChina key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of education College of ForestryBeijing Forestry University100083 BeijingChina Department of Natural Resources Cornell University14853 New YorkUSA

Background:Stem CO_(2) efflux(e_(S))plays a critical role in the carbon budget of forest *** is a core practice for sustainable management of *** is therefore necessary and urgent to study the effect and mechanism of thinning intensity(TI)on e_(S).Methods:In this study,five TIs were applied in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr 21-,25-,and 41-year-old stands in North China in *** infrared gas analyzer(Li-8100 A)was used to measure eS and its association with environmental factors at monthly intervals from May to October in 2013 to *** addition,nutrients,wood structure and nonstructural carbon(NSC)data were measured in August ***:The results show that eS increased with increasing *** maximum eS values occurred at a TI of 35%(3.29,4.57 and 2.98μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))and were 1.54-,1.94-and 2.89-fold greater than the minimum e_(S) value in the Ck stands(2.14,2.35 and 1.03μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))in July for the 21-,25-and 41-year-old forests,*** e_(S) of the trees in low-density stands was more sensitive to temperature than that of the trees in high-density *** sugars(SS)and temperature are the main factors affecting *** the stand density is low enough as 41-year-old ***-rupprechtii forests with TI 35%,bark thickness(BT)and humidity should be considered in addition to air temperature(T_(a)),wood temperature(T_(w)),sapwood width(SW),nitrogen concentration(N)and SS in the evaluation of *** a change in stand density is ignored,the CO_(2) released from individual 21-,25-and 41-year-old trees could be underestimated by 168.89%,101.94% and 200.49%,***_(2) release was estimated based on the stem equation in combination with the factors influencing eS for ***:We suggest that it is not sufficient to conventional models which quantify eS only by temperature and that incorporating the associated drivers(***,SS,SW and N)based on stand density into conventional model

关键词： Stem CO_(2)efflux Thinning intensity environmental factors Nutrient content Wood structure Nonstructural carbon Larix principis-rupprechtii

Multi-targeted anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 805-806页

作者： Austin Lui Omar Alzayat timothy Do David Perekopskiy Meghan Gann Taiseer Saad elgokhy Jie Gao DaZhi Liu Department of Neurology University of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Inflammation and kinase pathophysiology in neurological disorders:Inflammation is one of the common features of various acute and degenerative neurological disorders,such as stroke,traumatic brain injury(TBI),Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),and *** inflammatory responses are manifested as the synthesis of inflammation mediators,recruitment of leukocytes,and other secondary *** evidence shows that a large number of inflammation mediators(e.g.,thrombin,reactive oxygen species,cytokines,chemokines,and other molecules)are implicated in the pathophysiological processes in neurological disorders(Liu and Ander,2012)(Figure 1).These increased inflammation mediators stimulate their downstream transmembrane receptors(e.g.,protease-activated receptors,cytokine receptors,and others),and further activate the intracellular downstream effector kinases,such as Src family kinase,Rho-associated protein kinase,Jun N-terminal kinase,extracellular signal-regulated kinase,cyclin-dependent kinase(CDk),and others(Liu and Ander,2012)(Figure 1).Aside from overlapping in different neurological disorders,numerous inflammatory molecules and multiple kinase-involved signaling pathways can be linked to a single neurological disorder such as AD(Heneka et al.,2015).Because of their pivot roles in the process of inflammation,kinases have been regarded as anti-inflammatory targets to improve outcomes of neurological disorders.

关键词： neurological inflammation inflammatory