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Predicting Ailanthus altissima presence across a managed forest landscape in southeast Ohio

Forest ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 261-273页

作者： Louis R.Iverson Joanne Rebbeck Matthew P.Peters Todd Hutchinson timothy Fox Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service

Background: The negative impacts of the exotic tree, Ailanthus altissima(tree-of-heaven, stink tree), is spreading throughout much of the eastern United States. When forests are disturbed, it can invade and expand quickly if seed sources are ***: We conducted studies at the highly dissected Tar Hollow State Forest(THSF) in southeastern Ohio USA,where Ailanthus is widely distributed within the forest, harvests have been ongoing for decades, and prescribed fire had been applied to about a quarter of the study area. Our intention was to develop models to evaluate the relationship of Ailanthus presence to prescribed fire, harvesting activity, and other landscape characteristics, using this Ohio location as a case study. Field assessments of the demography of Ailanthus and other stand attributes(e.g., fire, harvesting, stand structure) were conducted on 267 sample plots on a 400-m grid throughout THSF,supplemented by identification of Ailanthus seed-sources via digital aerial sketch mapping during the dormant season. Statistical modeling tools Random Forest(RF), Classification and Regression Trees(CART), and Maxent were used to assess relationships among attributes, then model habitats suitable for Ailanthus ***: In all, 41 variables were considered in the models, including variables related to management activities, soil characteristics, topography, and vegetation structure(derived from LiDAR). The most important predictor of Ailanthus presence was some measure of recent timber harvest, either mapped harvest history(CART) or LiDARderived canopy height(Maxent). Importantly, neither prescribed fire or soil variables appeared as important predictors of Ailanthus presence or absence in any of the models of the ***: These modeling techniques provide tools and methodologies for assessing landscapes for Ailanthus invasion, as well as those areas with higher potentials for invasion should seed sources become available. Though a case study on

关键词： Ohio Random Forest CART Maxent Landscape model Non-native invasive species

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Role of the IL-33-ST2 axis in sepsis

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Military Medical Research 2017年第1期4卷 50-60页

作者： Hui Xu Heth R. Turnquist Rosemary Hoffman timothy R. Billiar Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA State key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China Thomas e. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA.

Sepsis remains a major clinical problem with high morbidity and mortality. As new inflammatory mediators are characterized, it is important to understand their roles in sepsis. Interleukin 33(IL-33) is a recently described member of the IL-1 family that is widely expressed in cells of barrier tissues. Upon tissue damage, IL-33 is released as an alarmin and activates various types of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system through binding to the ST2/IL-1 receptor accessory protein complex. IL-33 has apparent pleiotropic functions in many disease models, with its actions strongly shaped by the local microenvironment. Recent studies have established a role for the IL-33-ST2 axis in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation during endotoxemia, but its roles in sepsis appear to be organism and model dependent. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in understanding the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in sepsis.

关键词： Sepsis Interleukin-33 ST2

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苯基硅橡胶热控涂层材料抗原子氧腐蚀能力的研究

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宇航学报 2017年第6期38卷 662-668页

作者：王黑龙 Murray J.Vanessa Minton k.timothy 戴东旭武博涵杨阳车丽大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院大连116026 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所分子反应动力学国家重点实验室大连116023 蒙大拿州立大学化学与生物化学系波兹曼59717 北京卫星环境工程研究所北京100094 航天材料与工艺研究所北京100076 大连海事大学物理系大连116026

为了评估材料的抗原子氧腐蚀能力,首先在地面模拟设备上通过激光爆破法产生平动能约为4.5 e V的原子氧束源,然后利用此高能氧束源对苯基硅橡胶热控涂层材料进行暴露实验。材料受高能原子氧轰击而导致的影响,分别通过质量、X射线光电子... 详细信息

为了评估材料的抗原子氧腐蚀能力,首先在地面模拟设备上通过激光爆破法产生平动能约为4.5 e V的原子氧束源,然后利用此高能氧束源对苯基硅橡胶热控涂层材料进行暴露实验。材料受高能原子氧轰击而导致的影响,分别通过质量、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜进行表征。结果显示,原子氧累积通量9.5×10^(19)atoms/cm^2及8.5×10^(20)atoms/cm^2暴露实验后,材料表面微观形貌没有明显腐蚀,质量有少许增加,表面化学组成发生明显变化,分析认为是形成非挥发性物质SiO_x。实验结果表明,苯基硅橡胶热控涂层材料具有优越的抗原子氧腐蚀能力,推测其机理是形成的SiO_x钝化层作为保护层对其下方的材料进行保护,阻止原子氧对材料进一步腐蚀。

关键词：激光爆破原子氧苯基硅橡胶热控涂层抗腐蚀

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Aerosol jet printed capacitive strain gauge for soft structural materials

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npj Flexible electronics 2020年第1期4卷 279-287页

作者： kiyo T.Fujimoto Jennifer k.Watkins timothy Phero Doug Litteken kevin Tsai Takoda Bingham kshama Lakshmi Ranganatha Benjamin C.Johnson Zhangxian Deng Brian Jaques David estrada Center for Advanced energy Studies Boise State UniversityIdaho FallsIDUSA Micron School of Materials Science and engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA Measurement Sciences Department Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUSA Department of Advanced Fuel Manufacturing and Development Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUSA NASA Johnson Space Center HoustonTXUSA Department of Mechanical and Biomedical engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA Department of electrical and Computer engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA

Soft structural textiles,or softgoods,are used within the space industry for inflatable habitats,parachutes and decelerator *** the safety and structural integrity of these systems occurs through structural health monitoring systems(SHM),which integrate non-invasive/non-destructive testing methods to detect,diagnose,and locate ***/load monitoring of these systems is limited while utilizing traditional strain gauges as these gauges are typically stiff,operate at low temperatures,and fail when subjected to high strain that is a result of high loading classifying them as unsuitable for SHM of soft structural *** this work,a capacitance based strain gauge(CSG)was fabricated via aerosol jet printing(AJP)using silver nanoparticle ink on a flexible polymer *** strain gauges were then compared to a commercially available high elongation resistance-based strain gauge(He-RSG)for their ability to monitor strained kevlar straps having a 26.7 kN(6 klbf)***,static and cyclic loads were used to characterize both types of strain monitoring *** CSGs demonstrated superior performance for high elongation strain measurements when compared to commonly used He-RSGs,and were observed to operate with a gauge factor of 5.2 when the electrode arrangement was perpendicular to the direction of strain.

关键词： strain gauge structural

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evaluation of cone fishways to facilitate passage of small-bodied fish

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第2期6卷 125-134页

作者： Ivor G.Stuart timothy J.Marsden Arthur Rylah Institute for environmental Research Department of EnvironmentLandWater and Planning123 Brown StreetHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia Australasian Fish Passage Services 6 Spinifex StreetFern BayNew South Wales 2295Australia

Fishways are being provided more regularly than ever before and new designs are needed to provide passage for whole fish *** recent progress,fishways have frequently performed poorly,especially for small-bodied fish(i.e.10-100 mm long),which can form large aggregations below stream *** was the genesis for the development of the cone fishway design,a new style of technical fishway which consists of a series of pre-fabricated cone-shaped concrete baffles installed laterally within a concrete *** cone design arose from the need to install rock ramp fishways at remote sites where rock was unavailable and where maintenance would be *** objective of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of the new cone fishway design to provide passage for small-bodied diadromous species(i.e.100 mm long).Cone fishways were evaluated at three low head(e.g.e-study sites in tropical and temperate Australia and in total,45 species and 28,556 fish were *** was passage of a broad range of the target size-classes of small-bodied fish and individuals as small as nine mm could ***,further work is needed to quantify the proportion of the small-bodied fish population in the river downstream which find and pass through the cone *** most suitable experimental application of the cone fishway is at sites where there is:(i)a narrow(e.g.eadwater range,and(ii)where passage of small-bodied fish is a major ecological *** fishways provide a useful and novel option to improve passage of small-bodied fish,at appropriate sites,and contribute to a contemporary vision of restoration of whole fish communities.

关键词： fishway fish migration fish communities Australia tidal barrier Fitzroy River Norman River Maribyrnong River

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory effects of Peanut Skin extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 22-32页

作者： Wanida e. Lewis Gabriel k. Harris timothy H. Sanders Brittany L. White Lisa L. Dean Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA.

Peanut skins are regarded as a low economic value by-product of the peanut industry;however, they contain high levels of bioactive compounds including catechins and procyanidins, which are known for their health-promoting properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity of peanut skin extracts (PSe) has been reported but the associated anti-inflammatory properties have not been widely examined. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PSe on the pro-inflammatory enzyme, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, on its downstream product, prostaglandin e2 (PGe2), and on nitrous oxide (NO) levels. Defatted peanut skins were extracted using two aqueous solvent mixtures (50% acetone and 90% ethanol), in order to compare the effects of the two solvent systems on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. PSe antioxidant activity was determined by the hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) assay, while total phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and flavan-3-ols and procyanidins were quantified by HPLC. Acetone extracted PSe (A-PSe) exhibited numerically, but not statistically higher H-ORAC and total phenolic values than the ethanol extracted PSe (e-PSe) (1836 μmol Trolox/100 g and 67.9 mg GAe/g, and 1830 μmol Trolox/100 g and 51.8 GAe/g respectively). A-PSe also had higher levels of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins than e-PSe. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) of A-PSe or e-PSe and induced with the inflammatory marker, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 hours. COX-2 protein expression, measured by Western blotting was significantly (p 2 and NO levels measured by eLISA, were significantly (p ecreased with increasing added levels of A-PSe and e-PSe suggesting that A-PSe and e-PSe not also possess similar antioxidant properties, but also exhibit similar anti-inflammatory effects.

关键词： Peanut Skins Antioxidants Anti-Inflammatory Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) Prostaglandin e2 (PGe2) Nitric Oxide (NO) Procyanidins

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evaluation of Unified Model Microphysics in High-resolution NWP Simulations Using Polarimetric Radar Observations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第7期35卷 771-784页

作者： Marcus JOHNSON Youngsun JUNG Daniel DAWSON timothy SUPINIe Ming XUe Jongsook PARk Yong-Hee Lee Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73072 USA School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73072 USA Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA korea Meteorological Administration Seoul 07062 Korea

The Uk Met Office Unified Model（UM） is employed by many weather forecasting agencies around the globe. This model is designed to run across spatial and time scales and known to produce skillful predictions for large-scale weather systems. However, the model has only recently begun running operationally at horizontal grid spacings of ～1.5 km [e.g.,at the Uk Met Office and the korea Meteorological Administration（kMA）]. As its microphysics scheme was originally designed and tuned for large-scale precipitation systems, we investigate the performance of UM microphysics to determine potential inherent biases or weaknesses. Two rainfall cases from the kMA forecasting system are considered in this study： a Changma（quasi-stationary） front, and Typhoon Sanba（2012）. The UM output is compared to polarimetric radar observations in terms of simulated polarimetric radar variables. Results show that the UM generally underpredicts median reflectivity in stratiform rain, producing high reflectivity cores and precipitation gaps between them. This is partially due to the diagnostic rain intercept parameter formulation used in the one-moment microphysics scheme. Model drop size is generally both underand overpredicted compared to observations. UM frozen hydrometeors favor generic ice（crystals and snow） rather than graupel, which is reasonable for Changma and typhoon cases. The model performed best with the typhoon case in terms of simulated precipitation coverage.

关键词： Unified Model microphysics polarimetric radar radar simulator numerical weather prediction

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Development and optimization of thermal contrast amplification lateral flow immunoassays for ultrasensitive HIV p24 protein detection

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 683-693页

作者： Li Zhan timothy Granade Yilin Liu Xierong Wei Ae Youngpairoj Vickie Sullivan Jeff Johnson John Bischof Department of Mechanical engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGAUSA Department of Biomedical engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)p24 protein at a single pg/ml concentration in point-of-care(POC)settings is important because it can facilitate acute HIV infection diagnosis with a detection sensitivity approaching that of laboratory-based ***,the limit of detection(LOD)of lateral flow immunoassays(LFAs),the most prominent POC diagnostic platform,falls short of that of laboratory protein detection methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(eLISA).Here,we report the development and optimization of a thermal contrast amplification(TCA)LFA that will allow ultrasensitive detection of 8 pg/ml p24 protein spiked into human serum at POC,approaching the LOD of a laboratory *** achieve this aim,we pursued several innovations as follows:(a)defining a new quantitative figure of merit for LFA design based on the specific to nonspecific binding ratio(BR);(b)using different sizes and shapes of gold nanoparticles(GNPs)in the systematic optimization of TCA LFA designs;and(c)exploring new laser wavelengths and power regimes for TCA LFA ***,we optimized the blocking buffer for the membrane and running buffer by quantitatively measuring the BR using a TCA *** TCA reader interprets the thermal signal(i.e.,temperature)of GNPs within the membrane when irradiated by a laser at the plasmon resonance wavelength of the *** process results in higher detection and quantitation of GNPs than in traditional visual detection(i.e.,color intensity).Further,we investigated the effect of laser power(30,100,200 mW),GNP size and shape(30 and 100 nm gold spheres,150 nm gold-silica shells),and laser wavelength(532,800 nm).Applying these innovations to a new TCA LFA design,we demonstrated that 100nm spheres with a 100 mW 532 nm laser provided the best performance(i.e.,LOD=8pg/ml).This LOD is significantly better than that of the current colorimetric LFA and is in the range of the laboratory-based p24 *** summary,this TCA LFA for p24 prote

关键词： optimization approaching flow

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Assessing the Potential Contribution of Fisheries to economic Development —The Case of Post-ebola Sierra Leone

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Natural Resources 2016年第6期7卷 356-376页

作者： Arthur e. Neiland Stephen Cunningham Michael Arbuckle Andrew Baio timothy Bostock Dougoutigui Coulibaly Nancy k. Gitonga Ronan Long Sheku Sei IDDRA Ltd. Gosport UK Upper Moutere New Zealand (Formerly World Bank Washington DC USA) Institute of Marine Biology and Oceanography Fourah Bay College University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone Canterbury UK (Formerly World Bank Washington DC USA) GAIPeS Dakar Senegal FishAfrica Nairobi Kenya School of Law National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) Freetown Sierra Leone

This paper examines the potential contribution of the fisheries sector to national economic development in Sierra Leone, following the cessation of the recent ebola virus disease (eVD). The tragic deaths of some 4000 persons, as a direct result of this epidemic, have also been accompanied by serious economic disruption to one of the world’s poorest countries, amounting to a loss of over USD 1 billion (20 per cent of annual Gross Domestic Product, GDP). Based on recent work undertaken by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NePAD), an assessment was made of the potential contribution of one of the country’s major natural resource sectors—fisheries—to future economic recovery. It was confirmed that the fish resources of Sierra Leone have an estimated capitalised economic value of USD 735 million, and could potentially make an increased contribution to GDP under suitable conditions, over and above the current estimated level of 10 per cent. However, our results also show that with an overall “readiness assessment” score of 41/100, the sector is unlikely to realise its full potential unless a number of specific areas are addressed (based on analysis valid up to January 2016). These include an improvement in fisheries economic assessment, the upgrading of the fisheries governance and management framework, and the establishment of a fisheries development strategy and implementation plan to channel future investments and interventions in an appropriate sequence. Particular attention should be given early on to an increase in the quality and capacity of both public and private sector organisations relevant to roles and functions within a general process of fisheries sector reform. Finally, the fisheries policy evaluation approach used here is novel. While it has been applied to Sierra Leone for the intrinsic interest of that case, this demonstration also shows that it could be applied elsewhere in the future when reviewing fisheries policy.

关键词： Sierra Leone Capture Fisheries economic Development evaluation Methodology ebola Virus Disease (eVD)

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Controllable vortex lasing arrays in a geometrically frustrated exciton-polariton lattice at room temperature

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National Science Review 2023年第1期10卷 196-204页

作者： Jun Wang Yutian Peng Huawen Xu Jiangang Feng Yuqing Huang Jinqi Wu timothy C.H.Liew Qihua Xiong Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Department of Optical Science and engineering and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception Fudan University State key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences

Quantized vortices appearing in topological excitations of quantum phase transition play a pivotal role in strongly correlated physics involving the underlying confluence of superfluids,Bose-einstein condensates and *** polaritons as bosonic quasiparticles have enabled studies of non-e quilibrium quantum gases and ***-polariton condensates in artificial lattices intuitively emulate energy-band structures and quantum many-body effects of condensed matter,underpinning constructing vortex lattices and controlling quantum fluidic ***,we harness exciton-polariton quantum fluids of light in a frustrated kagome lattice based on robust metal-halide perovskite microcavities,to demonstrate vortex lasing arrays and modulate their configurations at room *** energy-momentum spectra unambiguously reveal massless Dirac bands and quenched kinetic-energy flat bands coexisting in kagome lattices,where polariton condensates exhibit prototypical honeycomb and kagome spatial *** coherence investigations illustrate two types of phase textures of polariton condensates carrying ordered quantized-vortex arrays and π-phase shifts,which could be selected when needed using lasing emission *** findings offer a promising platform on which it is possible to study quantum-fluid correlations in complex polaritonic lattices and highlight feasible applications of structured light.

关键词： vortex lasing exciton–polariton lattice Bose–einstein condensation the orbital angular momentum of light geometric frustration perovskite semiconductor

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