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Advancing the Disaster and Development Paradigm

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 486-495页

作者： Andrew E.collins Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences /Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University

Consolidation of disaster and development studies as an integrated field of action research that influences policy has proved to be fundamental to global disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, climate change, and humanitarian agreements. However, challenges in achieving targets, such as those of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals, requires further advances of the disaster and development paradigm underpinning these aspirations. This article presents perspectives that grew primarily from local action research, particularly research carried out with marginalized and highly at-risk groups of people in Southern Africa and South *** fronts from these findings emphasize disaster and development risk assessment opportunities that consolidate earlier ideas and extend understanding of disaster and development-related risk intervention options. These acknowledge severe shortcomings in disaster risk reduction progress while including greater use of hope as an active ingredient. This process of paradigm exploration remains fundamental to achieving disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, and associated policy objectives. The analysis presented here reiterates earlier groundings in people-centric perspectives, emphasizing social relations and systems of meaning as essential active ingredients for challenging power structures, technology, education, and human behavior. The analysis proposes some consequent thematic fronts for increased investment. These includeinvesting in early buildup of well-being before a disaster,better living with uncertainty, and overcoming the barriers to desired disaster and development outcomes. The article is intended to contribute to an ever-evolving paradigm of disaster and development risk that requires impetus from personal and collective values beyond calculations of disaster and development.

关键词： Disaster and development paradigm Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk management Local action research

Adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer： a focus on metabolic and cardiovascular complications

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 222-225页

作者： Lauren collins Shehzad Basaria Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA 02118USA

Prostate cancer （PCa） is the most common malignancy in men. Prostate being an androgen responsive tissue, androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） is used in the management of locally advanced （improves survival） and metastatic （improves pain and quality of life） PCa. Over the past two decades, the use of ADT has significantly increased as it is also being used in patients with localized disease and those experiencing biochemical recurrences, though without any evidence of survival advantage. Hypogonadism resulting from ADT is associated with decreased muscle mass and strength, increased fat mass, sexual dysfunction, vasomotor symptoms, decreased quality of life, anemia and bone loss. Insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease have recently been added to the list of these complications. As the majority of men with PCa die of conditions other than their primary malignancy, recognition and management of these adverse effects is paramount. Here we review data evaluating metabolic and cardiovascular complications of ADT.

关键词： androgen deprivation therapy cardiovascular disease diabetes hypogonadism prostate cancer

Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 329-336页

作者： Solomon GIWA Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA collins NWAOKOCHA Department of Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Environmental Studies Olabisi Onabanjo UniversityIbogun Campus Ifo 234039 Nigeria

Recently, mixture of different oils at various proportions have been used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The primary aim is to improve fuel properties which are strongly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the individual oil that makes up the feedstock mix. The tropics are renowned for abundant oil-bearing crops of which palm kernel oil （PKO） from palm seed and groundnut oil （GNO） are prominent. This present paper investigated biodiesel production from hybrid oil （HO） of PKO （medium carbon chain and highly saturated oil） and GNO （long carbon chain and highly unsaturated oil） at 50/ 50 （v/v） blending. The principal fatty acids （FAs） in the HO are oleic （35.62%） and lauric acids （24.23%） with 47.80% of saturated FA and 52.26% of unsaturated FA contents. The chemical conversion of the oil to methyl ester （ME） gave 86.56% yield. Fuel properties of hybrid oil methyl ester （the HOME） were determined in accordance with standard test methods and were found to comply with both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The oxidative stability, cetane number and kinematic viscosity （KV） of HOME were observed to be improved when compared with those of GNO methyl ester from single parent oil, which could be accredited to the improved FA composition of the HO. The KV （3.69 minE/s） of HOME obtained in this paper was remarkably low compared with those reported in literature for most biodiesels. This value suggests better flow, atomization, spray and combustion of this fuel. Conclusively, the binary blend of oils can be a viable option to improve the fuel properties ofbiodiesel feedstock coupled with reduced cost.

关键词： groundnut oil palm kernel oil methyl ester,fuel properties tropics fatty acid composition

LEVERAGING THE *** OF ENERGY SOLAR DECATHLON DESIGN CHALLENGE AS A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDENT-LED ADAPTIVE REUSE PROJECTS TO ADDRESS CONTEXT-SPECIFIC SUSTAINABLE DESIGN,HOUSING AFFORDABILITY,AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

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Journal of Green Building 2020年第4期15卷 201-234页

作者： Tom collins Daniel Overbey of Architecture Ball State UniversityMuncieIN.

This paper discusses the context,pedagogical approach,and design outcomes of two net-zero energy residential design projects completed by graduate architecture stu-dents as part of a comprehensive design studio course and submitted to the 2018 and 2020 USDOE Race to Zero/Solar Decathlon Design Challenge *** competition aims to give students real-word experience designing high-performance buildings by encouraging collaboration,involving community partners,and requir-ing a high degree of technical design *** within the competi-tion parameters,two teams at Ball State University worked with outside partners to identify vacant/abandoned homes as a significant problem for rust-belt Indiana com-munities,and then focused their design efforts on high-performance retrofits of two blighted homes in Muncie and *** project will be described in detail and the implications of the 2018 project on the 2020 project will be *** paper will demonstrate that adaptive reuse projects can be used to engage students in context-specific challenges and to meet stringent high-performance design targets and thresholds.(162)

关键词： Adaptive reuse Zero/Solar Decathlon Design Challenge high performance retrofits urban single-family planning urban and community renewal

Ultra-resolution scalable microprinting

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 195-207页

作者： Callum Vidler Kenneth Crozier David collins Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia The Graeme Clark Institute The University of MelbourneParkville 3052 VICAustralia

Projection micro stereolithography(PµSL)is a digital light processing(DLP)based printing technique for producing structured *** this approach there is often a tradeoff between the largest object that can be printed and the minimum feature size,with higher resolution generally reducing the overall extent of the *** ability to produce structures with high spatial resolution and large overall volume,however,is immensely important for the creation of hierarchical materials,microfluidic devices and bioinspired *** this work,we report a low-cost system with 1µm optical resolution,representing the highest resolution system yet developed for the creation of micro-structured parts whose overall dimensions are nevertheless on the order of *** do so,we examine the limits at which PµSL can be applied at scale as a function of energy dosage,resin composition,cure depth and in-plane feature *** doing so we develop a unique exposure composition approach that allows us to greatly improve the resolution of printed *** ability to construct high-resolution scalable microstructures has the potential to accelerate advances in emerging areas,including 3D metamaterials,tissue engineering and bioinspired constructs.

关键词： lithography resolution printing

Assessment of forest dieback on the Moroccan Central Plateau using spectral vegetation indices

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 793-808页

作者： Youssef Dallahi Amal Boujraf Modeste Meliho collins Ashianga Orlando Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies Agrosciences and Environment(BioMAgE)Faculty of Sciences SemlaliaCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakechMorocco Laboratoire des Productions Végétale Animales et Agro-industrieEquipe de BotaniqueBiotechnologie et Protection des PlantesFacultédes SciencesUniversitéIbn TofailKenitraMorocco Sociétés TerritoiresHistoires et PatrimoinesFacultédes Lettres et des Sciences HumainesUniversitéMohammed VRabatMorocco Rabat Morocco

Cork oak forests in Morocco are rich in resources and services thanks to their great biological diversity,playing an important ecological and socioeconomic *** degradation of the forests has been accentuated in recent years by signifi cant human pressure and eff ects of climate change;hence,the health of the stands needs to be *** this study,the Google Engine Earth platform was leveraged to extract the normalized diff erence vegetation index(NDVI)and soil-adjusted vegetation index,from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images between 2015 and 2017 to assess the health of the Sibara Forest in *** results highlight the importance of interannual variations in NDVI in forest monitoring;the variations had a signifi cantly high relationship(p<0.001)with dieback *** was positively and negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature with respective coeffi cients of 0.49 and−0.67,highlighting its ability to predict phenotypic changes in forest *** interannual variation in NDVI between 2016 and 2017 seemed to confi rm fi eld observations of cork oak dieback in 2018,with the largest decreases in NDVI(up to−38%)in December in the most-aff ected *** of the infl uence of ecological factors on dieback highlighted the role of substrate as a driver of dieback,with the most severely aff ected plots characterized by granite-granodiorite substrates.

关键词： Forest health monitoring Remote sensing Dieback Vegetation indices Sibara forest

Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Social Trust in American Institutions

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Journal of Social Computing 2023年第3期4卷 221-231页

作者： Andrew collins Jason Jeffrey Jones the Department of Sociology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11790USA

In recent decades,social scientists have debated declining levels of trust in American *** the same time,many American institutions are coming under scrutiny for their use of artificial intelligence(AI)*** paper analyzes the results of a survey experiment over a nationally representative sample to gauge the effect that the use of AI has on the American public’s trust in their social institutions,including government,private corporations,police precincts,and *** find that artificial intelligence systems were associated with significant trust penalties when used by American police precincts,companies,and *** penalties were especially strong for American police precincts and,in most cases,were notably stronger than the trust penalties associated with the use of smartphone apps,implicit bias training,machine learning,and mindfulness ***’trust in institutions tends to be negatively impacted by the use of new *** there are significant variations in trust between different pairings of institutions and tools,generally speaking,institutions which use AI suffer the most significant loss of *** government agencies are a notable exception here,receiving a small but puzzling boost in trust when associated with the use of AI systems.

关键词： social trust artificial intelligence(AI) algorithm aversion

In vitro properties of surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing an antimalarial drug:halofantrine

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 253-258页

作者： Anthony A Attama collins N Igbonekwu Department of Pharmaceutics University of Nigeria

Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot *** of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation *** drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be P<0.05). Results:Discrete and spherical solid lipid microspheres were *** particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 *** pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 *** vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage ***: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved.

关键词： Solid lipid microsphere Particle size stability Halofan trine Encapsulation efficiency Release studies In vitro evaluation

Campaigning by Human Branding:Associating with American Presidents

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2020年第4期13卷 495-515页

作者： Neil collins Political Science and International Relations Nazarbayev UniversityNur-SultanKazakhstan Department of Government and Politics University College Cork(UCC)Cork T12 K8AFIreland

Human branding has become an essential issue in political *** is exempli fied in the election of American *** paper examines the American experience to suggest a typology of human branding that may apply in both presidential and other political *** examines examples of presidential human brands from George Washington on but,given significant changes to electoral procedures,concentrates on first-time successful presidential candidates since *** fourfold typology offers an interrelated set of ideal types that will augment the analysis of human *** is applied to presidents when they take up office rather than after *** typology draws on the source of primary brand association and relation to the core political system of each politician.

关键词： Human branding Branding by association US presidential elections Typology Political marketing