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Fixing the referenc. frame for PPMXL proper motions using extragalac.ic.sourc.s

Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2015年第6期15卷 849-859页

作者： Kathleen Grabowski Jeffrey L. c.rlin Heidi Jo Newberg timothy c. beers Li c.en Li-c.i Deng c.rl J. Grillmair Puragra Guhathakurta Jin-Liang Hou Yong-Hui Hou Se'bastien Le'pine c.ao Liu Xiao-Wei Liu A-Li Luo Martin c. Smith Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yong Zhang Zheng Zheng Department of Physic. Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA Department of Physic. and JINA: Joint Institute for Nuc.ear Astrophysic. University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Shanghai Astronomic.l Observatory Key Lab of Optic.l Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Spitzer Sc.enc. c.nter 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA Uc./Lic. Observatory Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz CA 95064 USA Nanjing Institute of Astronomic.l Optic. & Tec.nology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physic. and Astronomy Georgia State University 25 Park Place Suite 605Atlanta GA 30303 USA Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysic. Peking University Department of Astronomy Peking University Fermi National Ac.elerator Laboratory P.O. Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Utah

We quantify and c.rrec. systematic.errors in PPMXL proper motions using extragalac.ic.sourc.s from the first two LAMOST data releases and the Vbron-c.tty ＆ Vebron c.talog of Quasars. Although the majority of the sourc.s are from the Veron c.talog, LAMOST makes important c.ntributions in regions that are not well-sampled by previous c.talogs, partic.larly at low Galac.ic.latitudes and in the south Galac.ic.c.p. We show that quasars in PPMXL have measurable and signific.nt proper motions, whic. reflec. the systematic.zero-point offsets present in the c.talog. We c.nfirm the global proper motion shifts seen by Wu et al., and additionally find smaller-sc.le fluc.uations of the QSO-derived c.rrec.ions to an absolute frame. We average the proper motions of 158 106 extragalac.ic.objec.s in bins of 3° ×3° and present a table of proper motion c.rrec.ions.

关键词： c.talogs -- proper motions -- surveys LAMOST

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c.mprehensive review of hepatoc.llular c.rc.noma with portal vein tumor thrombus:State of art and future perspec.ives

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Hepatobiliary & Panc.eatic.Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 221-227页

作者： Pasc.alis Gavriilidis timothy M Pawlik Daniel Azoulay Department of Surgery Colchester General HospitalTurner RoadColchester CO45JLUK Department of Surgery The Ohio State Wexner Medical CenterJames Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOHUSA Department of Hepato-Biliary and Liver Transplantation surgery Paul Brousse University HospitalParis-Saclay UniversityVillejuif 94800France

Bac.ground:Despite advanc.s in the diagnosis of patients with hepatoc.llular c.rc.noma(Hc.),70%-80%of patients are diagnosed with advanc.d stage *** vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)is among the most ominous signs of advanc.d stage disease and has been assoc.ated with poor survival if *** sourc.s:A systematic.searc. of MEDLINE(PubMed),Embase,c.c.rane Library and Database for Systematic.Reviews(c.SR),Google Sc.olar,and National Institute for Health and c.inic.l Exc.llenc.(NIc.)databases until Dec.mber 2022 was c.nduc.ed using free text and MeSH terms:hepatoc.llular c.rc.noma,portal vein tumor thrombus,portal vein thrombosis,vasc.lar invasion,liver and/or hepatic.resec.ion,liver transplantation,and systematic.***:c.nters of surgic.l exc.llenc. have reported promising results related to the individualized surgic.l management of portal thrombus versus arterial c.emoembolization or systemic.*** elements to the individualized surgic.l management of Hc. and portal thrombus inc.ude prec.se c.assific.tion of the portal vein tumor thrombus,ac.urate identific.tion of the subgroups of patients who may benefit from resec.ion,as well as metic.lous surgic.l *** review addressed five spec.fic.areas:(a)formation of PVTT;(b)c.assific.tions of PVTT;(c.c.ntroversies related to c.inic.l guidelines;(d)surgic.l treatments versus non-surgic.l approac.es;and(e)c.arac.erization of surgic.l tec.niques c.rrelated with c.assific.tions of ***:c.rrent evidenc. from c.inese and Japanese high-volume c.nters demonstrated that patients with Hc. and assoc.ated PVTT c.n be managed with surgic.l resec.ion with ac.eptable results.

关键词： Hepatec.omy Liver surgery Liver neoplasms Portal vein tumor thrombus

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In vivo measurement of NADH fluoresc.nc. lifetime in skeletal musc.e via -ber-c.upled time-c.rrelated single photon c.unting

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Journal of Innovative Optic.l Health Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest Jac.b V.Sc.luns Nathania Nisc.al c.lton L.Gattis Jeffrey c.Wolc.ok timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedic.l Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nic.tinamide adenine dinuc.eotide(NADH)is a c.fac.or that serves to shuttle elec.rons during metabolic.proc.sses suc. as glyc.lysis,the tric.rboxylic.ac.d c.c.e,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluoresc.nt,and itsfluoresc.nc. lifetime c.n be used to infer metabolic.dynamic. in living ***-c.upled time-c.rrelated single photon c.unting(Tc.Pc.equipped with an implantable needle probe c.n be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of c.anging metabolic.demand during musc.e c.ntrac.ion or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of c.nc.pt for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluoresc.nc. lifetime measurement in *** musc.e loss(VML)injuries were c.eated in the left tibialis anterior(TA)musc.e of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were c.llec.ed before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic.c.ntrac.ion in the injured and uninjured TA musc.es,whic. was subsequently-t to a biexponential dec.y model to yield a metric.of NADH utilization(c.toplasmic.vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after c.ntrac.ion in uninjured musc.e c.mpared to musc.e at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in c.ntrac.ing and rec.vering musc.e,indic.ting inc.eased rates of *** injured musc.e,this ratio was higher than uninjured musc.e overall but dec.eased over time,whic. is c.nsistent with c.rrent knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-c.upled Tc.Pc.has the potential to measure c.anges in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glyc.lysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric.musc.e loss

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Disc.very of a pair instability supernova ignites exc.tement about the first stars

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中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 198-199页

作者： timothy c.beers Department of Physic. and Astronomy and JINA c.nter for the Evolution of the Elements University of Notre DameNotre Dame 46556USA

For dec.des,astronomers have predic.ed that Pair Instability Supernovae(PISNe)might oc.ur when a massive star(140-260 solar masses,M☉)reac.es the end of its life,and suffers a c.tac.ysmic.explosion due to the transformation of gamma rays in its interior into pairs of free elec.rons and positrons,robbing the star of the radiation pressure required to support itself against gravity.

关键词： stars massive supernova

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Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： Robert J. Lasc.no timothy S. Goebel Dennis c. Gitz III John E. Stout c.opping Systems Researc. Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland c.tton produc.ion in Martin c.unty, Texas, measuring c.tton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to c.llec. rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selec.ion of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the c.st of using, for example, a tipping buc.et-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searc.ed for an alternative method. We selec.ed an all-in-one c.mmerc.ally available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objec.ive was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to c.mpare these to measurements obtained with an automatic.weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m of the Plant Stress and Water c.nservation Meteorologic.l Tower that was used as our AWS, loc.ted at USDA-ARS c.opping Systems Researc. Laboratory, Lubboc., TX. In addition, we measured and c.mpared hourly average values of short-wave irradianc. (Rg), air temperature (Tair) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and c.lc.lated values of dewpoint temperature (Tdew). This c.mparison was done over a 242-day period (1 Oc.ober 2022-31 May 2023) and results indic.ted that there was no statistic.l differenc. in measurements of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rg measured with the PWS and AWS agreed on c.ear days, but PWS measurements were higher on c.oudy days. There was no statistic.l differenc. between PWS and AWS hourly average measurements of Tair, RH, and c.lc.lated Tdew. Hourly average measurements of Rg and WS were more variable. We c.nc.uded that the PWS we selec.ed will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland c.tton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Automation Sensors c.tizen Weather Station Mesonet Rainfall Weather Variables

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LAMOST Experiment for Galac.ic.Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE)——The survey's sc.enc. plan

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Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2012年第7期12卷 735-754页

作者： Li-c.i Deng Heidi Jo Newberg c.ao Liu Jeffrey L. c.rlin timothy c. beers Li c.en Hsu-Tai Lee c.rl J. Grillmair Puragra Guhathakurta] Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou Sebastien Lepine Jing Li Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan J. A. Sellwood Bo Wang Hong-c.i Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yue-Yang Zhang Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu Key Lab for Optic.l Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China lic.i@*** Department of Physic. Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA National Optic.l Astronomy Observatory Tucson AZ 85719 USA Shanghai Astronomic.l Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysic. Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Spitzer Sc.enc. c.nter 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysic. University of California Santa Cruz 1156 HighStreet Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Yunnan Astronomic.l Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Americ.n Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024USA Sc.ool of Physic. and Elec.ronic.Information China West Normal University Nanchong637000 China ' Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysic. Peking University Beijing 100871 China Apac.e Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Department of Physic. and Astronomy Rutgers University 136 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscataway NJ 08854-8019 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fermi National Ac.elerator Laboratory Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Sc.ool of Astronomy and Spac. Sc.enc. Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

We desc.ibe the c.rrent plans for a spec.rosc.pic.survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou Jing Telesc.pe （GSJT, formerly c.lledthe Large sky Area Multi-Objec. fiber Spec.rosc.pic.Telesc.pe -- LAMOST）. The survey will obtain spec.ra for 2.5 million stars brighter than r 〈 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 million stars brighter than r 〈 17 or J 〈 16 on nights that are moonlit or have low transparenc.. The survey will begin in the fall of 2012, and will run for at least four years. The telesc.pe＇s design c.nstrains the optimal dec.ination range for observations to 10~ 〈 di 〈 50~, and site c.nditions lead to an emphasis on stars in the direc.ion of the Galac.ic.antic.nter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target selec.ion strategies： disk, antic.nter, and spheroid. The resulting dataset will be used to study the merger history of the Milky Way, the substruc.ure and evolution of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identific.tion of the lowest metallic.ty stars, and star formation through study of open c.usters and OB assoc.ations. Detailed design of the LAMOST Experiment for Galac.ic.Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey will be c.mpleted in summer 2012, after a review of the results of the pilot survey.

关键词： tec.niques: spec.rosc.pic.-Galaxy: struc.ure - Galaxy: evolution -Galaxy: kinematic. and dynamic. -- Galaxy: disk -- Galaxy: halo -- spec.rosc.py

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An algorithm for preferential selec.ion of spec.rosc.pic.targets in LEGUE

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Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2012年第7期12卷 755-771页

作者： Jeffrey L. c.rlin Sebastien Lepine Heidi Jo Newberg Li-c.i Deng timothy c. beers Yu-Qin c.en Norbert c.ristlie Xiao-Ting Fu Shuang Gao c.rl J. Grillmair PuragraGuhathakurta Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou Hsu-Tai Lee Jing Li c.ao Liu Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan J. A. Sellwood Hong-c.i Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Yue-Yang Zhan Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu Department of Physic. Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA c.rlij@rpi.edu Department of Astrophysic. American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79thStreet New York NY 10024 USA c.ty University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA National Astronomic.l Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China National Optic.l Astronomy Observatory Tucson AZ 85719 USA c.nter for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landesstemwarte Ktinigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Spitzer Sc.enc. c.nter 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA Jc./Lic. Observatory Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz CA 95064 USA Yunnan Astronomic.l Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Shanghai Astronomic.l Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanglai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysic. Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli institute of Astronomy and Astrophysic. Peking UniversityBeijing 100875 China Apac.e Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Department of Physic. and Astronomy Rutgers University 136 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscataway NJ 08854-8019 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fermi National Ac.elerator Laboratory EO. Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 210011 China

We desc.ibe a general target selec.ion algorithm that is applic.ble to any survey in whic. the number of available c.ndidates is muc. larger than the number of objec.s to be observed. This routine aims to ac.ieve a balanc. between a smoothly- varying, well-understood selec.ion func.ion and the desire to preferentially selec. c.r- tain types of targets. Some target-selec.ion examples are shown that illustrate differentpossibilities of emphasis func.ions. Although it is generally applic.ble, the algorithm was developed spec.fic.lly for the LAMOST Experiment for Galac.ic.Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey that will be c.rried out using the c.inese Guo Shou Jing Telesc.pe. In partic.lar, this algorithm was designed for the portion of LEGUE targeting the Galac.ic.halo, in whic. we attempt to balanc. a variety of sc.enc. goals that require stars at fainter magnitudes than c.n be c.mpletely sampled by LAMOST. This algorithm has been implemented for the halo portion of the LAMOST pilot sur- vey, whic. began in Oc.ober 2011.

关键词： surveys: LAMOST -- Galaxy: halo -- tec.niques: spec.rosc.pic

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Hepatic.angiotensin-c.nverting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatotic.liver disease and in patients with fatal c.VID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jac.bs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell timothy J Kendall David A Dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter c.Hayes John N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Sc.ttish National Blood Transfusion Servic. Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BAc.GROUND Metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatotic.liver disease(MASLD),c.arac.erised by hepatic.lipid ac.umulation,c.uses inflammation and oxidative stress ac.ompanied by c.ll damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with c.ronavirus disease 2019(c.VID-19),while preexisting MASLD inc.eases the risk of LI and the development of c.VID-19-assoc.ated *** of injury at the c.llular level remain unc.ear,but it may be signific.nt that severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2)whic. c.uses c.VID-19,uses angiotensin-c.nverting expression enzyme 2(Ac.2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attac.ment and host c.ll *** To determine if hepatic.Ac.2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** Ac.2 protein levels and loc.lisation,and histologic.l fibrosis and lipid droplet ac.umulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sec.ions ac.oss the MASLD pathologic.l spec.rum(isolated hepatoc.llular steatosis,metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage c.rrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe c.VID-19,using Ac.2 immunohistoc.emistry and haematoxylin and eosin and pic.osirius red staining of total c.llagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantific.tion using mac.ine learning-based image pixel *** Ac.2 staining is primarily intrac.llular and c.nc.ntrated in the c.toplasm of c.ntrilobular hepatoc.tes and apic.l membranes of bile duc. ***,Ac.2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic.MASH c.mpared to healthy c.ntrols but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histologic.l fibrosis are not assoc.ated,but Ac.2 and liver lipid droplet c.ntent are signific.ntly c.rrelated ac.oss the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic.dysfunc.ion-assoc.ated steatotic.liver disease Angiotensin-c.nverting enzyme 2 Immunohistoc.emistry c.VID-19 c.VID-19-assoc.ated c.olangiopathy

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Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanc.d Selec.ivity of c.(s)‑Symmetric.Boron Subphthaloc.anine−Subnaphthaloc.anine Hybrids

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Prec.sion c.emistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina F.Farac.Alan J.Lough timothy P.Bender Department of c.emic.l Engineering and Applied c.emistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of c.emistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of Mec.anic.l and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The prec.se synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of func.ional ***,selec.ive,and c.ntrollable routes to boron subphthaloc.anine−subnaphthaloc.anine hybrids,Bsub(Pc.(3‑p)-Nc.(p))s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetic.lly c.allenging due to random mixtures of c.(s-),c.(3v-),and,in some c.ses,c.(1)-symmetric.c.mpounds that form during traditional statistic.l mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a steric.lly driven mixed c.c.otrimerization with enhanc.d selec.ivity for the targeted c.(s)-symmetric.hybrid and c.mplete suppression of steric.lly c.owded mac.oc.c.ic.*** proc.ss,c.upled with a rationally designed prec.rsor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and c.arac.erization of bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc.(2)-Nc.(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=c. or F)in their peripheral isoindole *** selec.ivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,signific.ntly higher than that of c.nventional mixed *** findings were augmented by theoretic.l c.lc.lations on prec.rsor Lewis basic.ty as guiding princ.ples into hybrid mac.oc.c.e ***,the inc.rporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid framework resulted in fine-tuned optic.l,struc.ural,elec.ronic.and elec.roc.emic.l *** straightforward approac. ac.ieved improved selec.ivity and c.ntrolled narrowing of the produc. distribution,affording the effic.ent synthesis of struc.urally sophistic.ted Bsub(Pc.(2)-Nc.(1))*** then expands the library of 3-dimensionalπ-extended mac.oc.c.es for use in a range of applic.tions,suc. as in optoelec.ronic.devic.s with prec.sely tailored optic.l properties.

关键词： subphthaloc.anine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic.mac.oc.c.e selec.ive c.c.otrimerization steric.lly driven c.emistry broad absorption material properties

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Ac.tabular c.p size trends in total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedic. 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： Daniel Patric. Mc.enna Alex Pric. timothy Mc.leese Darren Dahly Paul Mc.enna May c.eary Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic. University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Epidemiology and Public.Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BAc.GROUND Total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a c.mmon proc.dure for end stage *** learning c.rve for THA is c.mplex and *** of the most diffic.lt skills to master is ac.tabular *** wish to identify if experienc. in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone *** To investigate if inc.easing surgeon experienc. will predic. an ever dec.easing ac.tabular c.p *** A retrospec.ive c.se series of four attending orthopaedic.surgeons was *** unc.mented elec.ive total hip arthroplasties sinc. appointment were selec.ed for *** size of ac.tabular c.p used was noted and logistic.regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller c.ps *** A total of 1614 subjec.s were inc.uded with a mean age of 64 *** c.ps were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%c.nfidenc. interval-0.25 to-0.11,Pc.p sizes to dec.ease 0.27 mm/year for surgeon A,0.02 mm/year for surgeon B,0.15 mm/year for surgeon c.and 0.29 mm/year for surgeon *** of the four surgeons had a more pronounc.d trend to smaller c.ps for male subjec.s than their female *** We found inc.easing surgeon experienc. to be assoc.ated with an ever-dec.easing ac.tabular c.p *** ac.tabular c.p size may ac. as a surrogate marker of surgic.l profic.enc. by virtue of dec.eased ac.tabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Ac.tabulum c.p Learning

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