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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第17期7卷 2427-2437页

作者： Ashraf S Gorgey Robert m Lester mina P Ghatas Sakita N Sistrun timothy Lavis Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMCRichmondVA 23249United States Department of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States Bionutrition Service Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States

BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (SCI).Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after *** To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after SCI mETHODS A 31-year-old male with T5 SCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 *** intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary *** resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body *** Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%,*** body weight decreased by 8%,body fat decreased by 29%,and lean mass increased by 7%.Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.CONCLUSION manipulation of caloric intake,fat percentage,and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after SCI.

关键词： Spinal cord injury Diet High-protein Low-fat Nutrients Basal metabolic rate Case report

Water balloon-induced orbital fracture in an aviator

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military medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 245-248页

作者： timothy E.Holland David m.Smith Guy N.Gibson Jared G.Brinkerhoff Flight and Operational medical Clinic 78th Medical Group655 Seventh StreetRobins Air Force BaseRobinsGA 31098USA Department of Radiology Ehrling Bergquist Clinic2501 Capehart RdOffutt AFBNEOffutt 68113-2160USA Flight and Operational medical Clinic 5th Medical Group194 Missilie AveMinot AFBNDMinot 58705USA

Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial *** etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and *** report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orbital fracture from a water ***,we describe the aeromedical complications that may result from this ***,we attempt to answer the question of when a patient may return to flying after sustaining such an injury through review of the *** presentation:A 32-year-old male pilot with the United States Air Force was at an outdoor event with his unit when he was struck with a water balloon launched from a sling shot into his left *** afterwards,he had an onset of subcutaneous emphysema and was escorted to a nearby Emergency *** tomography identified an orbital fracture with associated orbital and subcutaneous *** patient was evaluated by a plastic surgeon and was determined not to be a surgical *** weeks later,he returned to flying ***:Water balloons are thought to be safe and harmless ***,when coupled with sling shots,water balloons can become formidable projectiles capable of significant orbital injury including orbital *** injuries are concerning to aviators,as the most common sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin ethmoid and maxillary bones adjacent to the *** altitude,gases in the sinuses may expand and enter the orbit through these fractures,which may suddenly incapacitate the *** is important for flight surgeons to identify and assess these individuals to determine suitability for flying.

关键词： Boyle’s law Orbital emphysema Facial fracture

Pharmaceutical salts: Theory, use in solid dosage forms and in situ preparation in an aerosol

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第6期11卷 722-734页

作者： timothy Scott Wiedmanna Amir Naqwib Department of Pharmaceutics University of Minnesota308 Harvard St SEMinneapolisMN 55455USA mSP Corporation ShoreviewMN 55126USA

In this article, the theoretical foundation for salts is given with an emphasis on the amount of drug in solution. Consideration is given for the solubility of the non-ionized form, acid dissociation constant and solubility product, which are the limiting constraints. For dissolution of nonionized drugs, the surface pH differs from the bulk pH, giving rise to a lower than expected rate. For salts, theoretical considerations are relatively complex, and an experimental approach to estimating the surface pH is more likely to be of value in predicting the dissolution rate. General guidelines are described for screening, preparing and characterizing drugs as salts, which critically depend on the goal of the product ***, our work involving the preparation of salts as a means to generate aerosols from a solution is provided. The solubility of six structurally related compounds was determined in four acids. Thereafter, the amount of the compound in solution was determined as a function of pH, using the acid that provided the highest solubility. Because the pH required to achieve the needed concentration for aerosol generation was low, ammonia vapor was introduced into the air stream to neutralize aerosol droplets. Solvent was then removed from the aerosol by a silica column. The resulting aerosol had a concentration of 96 μg/l and a mass median particle size of 1.8 μm. The reported pharmacokinetic study substantiated the feasibility of evaluating its safety and efficacy of inhalation administration in the rat model.

关键词： Solubility Salt Aerosol Inhalation Solubility product

Contemporary indications for and outcomes of hepatic resection for neuroendocrine liver metastases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第4期12卷 159-170页

作者： Steven D Scoville Dimitrios Xourafas Aslam m Ejaz Allan Tsung timothy Pawlik Jordan m Cloyd Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology at The Ohio State UniversityJames Cancer CenterColumbusOH 43210United States The Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States Department of Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

BACKGROUND Although surgical resection is associated with the best long-term outcomes for neuroendocrine liver metastases(NELm),the current indications for and outcomes of surgery for NELm from a population perspective are not well *** To determine the current indications for and outcomes of liver resection(LR)for NELm using a population-based *** A retrospective review of the 2014-2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and targeted hepatectomy databases was performed to identify patients who underwent LR for *** characteristics and 30-d morbidity and mortality were *** Among 669 patients who underwent LR for NELm,the median age was 60(interquartile range:51-67)and 51%were *** the number of metastases resected ranged from 1 to 9,the most common(45%)number of tumors resected was *** majority(68%)of patients had a largest tumor size ofmy(71%)while fewer underwent a right or left hepatectomy or *** majority of operations were open(82%)versus laparoscopic(17%)or robotic(1%).In addition,30%of patients underwent intraoperative ablation while 45%had another concomitant operation including cholecystectomy(28.8%),bowel resection(20.2%),or partial pancreatectomy(3.4%).Overall 30-d morbidity and mortality was 29%and 1.3%,*** multivariate analysis,American Society of Anesthesiologists class≥3[odds ratios(OR),OR=2.089,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.197-3.645],open approach(OR=1.867,95%CI:1.148-3.036),right hepatectomy(OR=1.618,95%CI:1.014-2.582),and prolonged operative time of>230 min(OR=1.731,95%CI:1.168-2.565)were associated with higher 30-d morbidity while intraoperative ablation and concomitant procedures were *** LR for NELm was performed with relatively low postoperative morbidity and *** procedures performed at the time of LR did not increase morbidity.

关键词： Carcinoid Neuroendocrine tumor Primary tumor resection Intraoperative ablation Cholecystectomy Small bowel resection

Joint Contact Forces with Changes in Running Stride Length and midsole Stiffness

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第1期2卷 69-76页

作者： Joshua m.Thomas WBrent Edwards timothy R.Derrick Department of Health Wellnessand SportUniversity of DubuqueDubuqueIA 52001USA Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Kinesiology Iowa State University111L Forker BuildingAmesIA 50011USA

The purpose of this study was to determine if lower extremity joint loading was influenced by stride length or shoe midsole *** subjects completed 10 trials of overground running at an average speed of 4.43 m/s in each of three condi-tions:normal running,running with a stride length(SL)reduced by 10%of normal,and running with a cushioned midsole stiffness(i.e.,mechanical impact reduction of 13.7-10.9 g).Reaction forces calculated from inverse dynamics were summed with muscle forces estimated from a musculoskeletal model using static optimization to obtain joint contact forces at the hip,knee and ankle *** components of the contact forces[axial,anterior-posterior,and medial-lateral(mL)]were examined using parametric statistics(α=0.05).Reducing stride length resulted in significant decreases in absolute peak ankle contact forces in the axial direction(normal:-14.5±1.5 BW;reduced SL:-14.0±1.6 BW)and the mL direction(normal:0.67±0.23 BW;reduced SL:0.61±0.21 BW).Reducing stride length also reduced the peak absolute axial forces at the knee(normal:-10.6±1.3 BW;reduced SL:-9.8±1.2 BW)and the hip(normal:-7.26±2.24 BW;reduced SL:-6.75±2.10 BW).The cushioned shoe did not statistically reduce the peak absolute contact forces from the normal stride condition at any of the *** hoc stress analysis suggested that the observed changes in anterior hip force would increase stress more than any of the other statistically significant *** in stride length appear to decrease some joint contact variables but cushioning in the heel region of the shoe does not.

关键词： Gait Injury Compressive force Shear force Cushioning Strain

Neuroendocrine liver metastases: a contemporary review of treatment strategies

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第4期9卷 440-451页

作者： Jordan m.Cloyd Aslam Ejaz Bhavana Konda mina S.makary timothy m.Pawlik Departments of Surgery The Ohio State UniversityWexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Departments of Internal medicine The Ohio State UniversityWexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Departments of Radiology The Ohio State UniversityWexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)are globally increasing in prevalence and the liver is the most common site of *** liver metastases(NELm)are heterogeneous in clinical presentation and ***,recent advances in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies have improved the multidisciplinary management of this challenging *** feasible,surgical resection of NELm offers the best long-term *** indications for hepatic resection include performance status acceptable for major liver surgery,grade 1 or 2 tumors,absence of extrahepatic disease,adequate size and function of future liver remnant,and feasibility of resecting>90%of *** therapies including concomitant liver ablation are generally safe when used appropriately and may expand the number of patients eligible for *** patients with synchronous resectable NELm,resection of the primary either in a staged or combined fashion is *** patients who are not surgical candidates,liver-directed therapies such as transarterial embolization,chemoembolization,and radioembolization can provide locoregional control and improve symptoms of carcinoid *** systemic therapy options also exist for patients with advanced or progressive *** research efforts are needed to identify novel biomarkers that will define the optimal indications for and sequencing of treatments to be delivered in a personalized fashion.

关键词： Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NETs) liver-directed therapies carcinoid hepatic resection targeted therapy

Sea-Floor metamorphism Recorded in Epidosites from the ca.1.0 Ga miaowan Ophiolite,Huangling Anticline,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第5期23卷 696-704页

作者：王军鹏 timothy m Kusky Ali Polat 王璐彭松柏蒋幸福邓浩王淞杰 Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard Ministry of EducationChina University of Geosciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Windsor Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard Ministry of EducationChina University of Geosciences

The epidosites are interpreted to form in upflow zones at the base of ore-forming oceanic hydrothermal systems that vent as black smokers on the sea floor. This study presents new field, major and trace element, and oxygen isotope data for the recently discovered epidosites in the ca. 1.0 Ga miaowan （庙湾） ophiolite located near the northern margin of the Yangtze craton. The ep-idosites occur mainly in the cores of strongly de-formed, lensoidal amphibolites. Field observations, major and trace elements and oxygen isotopes sug-gest that the epidosites were formed by metasoma-tism of ocean floor basalts, diabase dykes, and gabbros during seafloor hydrothermal alteration.

关键词： epidosite hydrothermal altera-tion metasomatism miaowan ophiolite Yangtzecraton China.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and degradation products in topsoil from Australia and the United Kingdom

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第1期2卷 37-41页

作者： Jennifer Desborough timothy Evans Jochen müller Stuart Harrad School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology(Entox) The University of Queensland39 Kessels RoadBrisbaneQueensland 4108Australia

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)is listed under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants,yet very few data are available on HBCDD concentrations in *** concentrations of total hexabromocyclododecanes(SHBCDDs)from soils from the UK(n=24)were 0.73 ng g^-1 dry weight(rangemedian=0.10 ng g^-1,rangemined in 19 UK samples and found to be statistically indistinguishable(p>0.05)from those of HBCDDs;thereby underlining the extent to which HBCDDs have migrated into the UK ***,PCB concentrations in this study are not markedly lower than those recorded in UK soils sampled in the mid-1980s indicating that the initial rapid decline in UK contamination with PCBs following bans on their manufacture and use,has not been *** products of HBCDD:pentabromocyclododecenes(PBCDs)and tetrabromocyclododecadienes(TBCDs)were detected in some UK soil samples with semi-quantitative concentrations ranging between 0.01 and 7.3 ng g^-1 for SPBCDs and 0.01e1.3 ng g^-1 for *** Australian soils only STBCDs were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.0023 to 0.45 ng g^-*** signatures of HBCDDs were racemic or non-racemic in all samples indicating minimal edaphic enantioselective degradation.A horizontal transect at the most contaminated UK location(a suburban garden)revealed a marked decrease in concentrations of HBCDDs with increasing distance from buildings.

关键词： Soil BFRs POPs Chiral signatures Enantiomer fractions

Investigation of volatile methyl siloxanes in biogas and the ambient environment in a landfill

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期32卷 54-61页

作者： Ning Wang Li Tan Lianke Xie Yu Wang timothy Ellis School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource ReuseShandong UniversityJinan266237China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP^3) Shanghai200433China School of municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan250100China State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research InstituteJinan250100China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources&Environment Engineering China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversityIowaUSA

Landfill biogas is a potential alternative for fossil fuel,but the containing impurities,volatile methyl siloxanes(simplified as siloxanes),often cause serious problems in gas turbines when applied to generate *** this research,a collecting and analyzing method based on solvent adsorption and purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established to determine the siloxanes in biogas from a landfill in Jinan,China,and adjacent ambient samples,such as soil,air,and leachate of the *** results showed that,octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4)and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5)accounted for 63%of total siloxanes;and without considering D4 and D5,the order of detected siloxanes in concentration was found relating to Gibbs free energies of molecules,namely that higher abundant siloxane(except for D4 and D5)usually had lower Gibbs free ***,the mass ratio between D4 and octamethyltrisiloxane(L3)in the bio gas varied with different garbage age in landfills,possibly revealing the breaking-down of larger siloxane molecules with *** samples,which were collected from environmental samples adjacent to the landfill,such as soil,water,and air,presented much higher siloxane level than urban or rural area away from *** current H2 S scrubber of the landfill biogas could decrease the total siloxanes from 10.7 to 5.75 mg/m^3 due to Fe2 O3 and a refrigerant drier in a purification system and cyclic siloxanes were more easily removed than linear ones.

关键词： Biogas Siloxane Landfill Purge and trap GC-mS

Simulating long-term effect of Hyrcanian forest loss on phosphorus loading at the sub-watershed level

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 457-469页

作者： Fatemeh RAJAEI Abbas E SARI Abdolrassoul SALmANmAHINY timothy O RANDHIR majid DELAVAR Reza D BEHROOZ Alireza m BAVANI Department of Environment Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science Tarbiat Modares University Department of Environmental Gorgan University of Agricultural Science & Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Department of Water Resources Agriculture Faculty Tarbiat Modares University Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources University of Zabol Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Faculty of Abouraihan University of Tehran

Conversion of forest land to farmland in the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran increases the nutrient input, especially the phosphorus（P） nutrient, thus impacting the water quality. modeling the effect of forest loss on surface water quality provides valuable information for forest management. This study predicts the future impacts of forest loss between 2010 and 2040 on P loading in the Tajan River watershed at the sub-watershed level. To understand drivers of the land cover, we used Land Change modeler（LCm） combining with the Soil Water Assessment Tool（SWAT） model to simulate the impacts of land use change on P loading. We characterized priority management areas for locating comprehensive and cost-effective management practices at the sub-watershed level. Results show that agricultural expansion has led to an intense deforestation. During the future period 2010–2040, forest area is expected to decrease by 34,739 hm^2. And the areas of pasture and agriculture are expected to increase by 7668 and 27,071 hm^2, respectively. In most sub-watersheds, P pollution will be intensified with the increase in deforestation by the year 2040. And the P concentration is expected to increase from 0.08 to 2.30 mg/L in all of sub-watersheds by the year 2040. It should be noted that the phosphorous concentration exceeds the American Public Health Association′s water quality standard of 0.2 mg/L for P in drinking water in both current and future scenarios in the Tajan River watershed. Only 30% of sub-watersheds will comply with the water quality standards by the year 2040. The finding of the present study highlights the importance of conserving forest area to maintain a stable water quality.

关键词： phosphorus land use change modeling forest loss prioritizing management area Tajan River Iran