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Parameters Influencing Haematological, Serum and Bio-Chemical References in Livestock Animals under Different management Systems

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2015年第8期5卷 181-189页

作者： Gbolabo O. Onasanya Florence O. Oke timothy m. sanni Aliyu I. muhammad Department of Animal Science Federal University Dutse Nigeria Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria

Serum bio-chemical and haematological indices constitute important panels in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of livestock diseases via the investigations of myriads of parameters influencing these blood and serum bio-chemical indices. Serum bio-chemical indices, haematological indices and blood electrolytes are critical physiological indices which have health implications on the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of livestock diseases especially in animals bred under different management systems. It is important to stress that cascades of parameters of both genetic and non-genetic origin greatly have direct and in-direct health implications on serum bio-chemical indices and blood electrolytes in livestock animals and subsequently on their health/ production performances. Laboratory blood tests would be a vital tool to help detect any deviation from normal state of wellbeing in animals. Therefore, this review intends to provide base line information to establish certain haematological and serum bio-chemical indices as standard references which can be employed as alternative therapy for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cascades of diseases plaguing livestock animals bred under different management systems especially under the harsh condition of the tropics. Hence, it is important to establish standard values for the various blood and serum bio-chemical indices base on parameters of non-genetic origin;age, sex, physiological state, stress level, management systems, medication, health status, nutrition, hormone, climate, etc. and genetic parameters which include the breed and genotype of the animal among others obviously affect the blood and serum profile of healthy animal which subsequently influence their production performance and efficiency.

关键词： Haematological Indices Serum Bio-Chemical Indices Diagnosis Blood Electrolytes Physiological Indices

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morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Nigerian indigenous sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第1期4卷 18-33页

作者： Brilliant O Agaviezor Sunday O Peters mufliat A Adefenwa Abdulmojeed Yakubu Olufunmilayo A Adebambo michael O Ozoje Christian ON Ikeobi matthew Wheto Oyeyemi O Ajayi Samuel A Amusan Oludotun J Ekundayo timothy m sanni moses Okpeku Gbolabo O Onasanya marcos De Donato Babatunde m Ilori Kadir Kizilkaya Ikhide G Imumorin Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture Department of Animal Science and Fisheries University of Port Harcourt Dept of Animal Science Cornell University Dept of Animal Science Berry College Department of Cell Biology and Genetics University of Lagos Department of Animal Science Nasarawa State University Dept of Livestock Production Niger Delta University Department of Animal Science Adnan Menderes University

Background： Sheep is important in the socio-economic lives of people around the world. It is estimated that more than half of our once common livestock breeds are now endangered. Since genetic characterization of Nigerian sheep is still lacking, we analyzed ten morphological traits on 402 animals and 15 microsatellite DNA markers in 384 animals of the 4 Nigerian sheep breeds to better understand genetic diversity for breeding management and germplasm conservation. Results： morphological traits of Uda and Balami were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher than Yankasa, which were both higher than West African Dwarf （WAD） sheep. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed tail length, rump height, chest girth, ear length and chest depth as the most discriminating variables for classification. mahalanobis distances show the least differentiation between Uda and Balami and the largest between WAD and Balami sheep. While 93.3% of WAD sheep were correctly assigned to their source genetic group, 63.9% of Yankasa, 61.2% of Balami and 45.2% of Uda were classified correctly by nearest neighbour discriminant analysis. The overall high Polymorphism Information Content （PIC） of all microsatellite markers ranged from 0.751 to 0.927 supporting their use in genetic characterization. Expected heterozygosity was high for all loci （0.783 to 0.93）. mean heterozygote deficiency across all populations （0.17] to 0.534） possibly indicate significant inbreeding （P 〈 0.05）. mean values for FST, FIT and F^s statistics across all loci were 0.088, 0.394 and 0.336 respectively. Yankasa and Balami are the most closely related breeds （DA = 0.184） while WAD and Balami are the farthest apart breeds （DA-- 0.665）, which is coincident with distance based on morphological analysis and population structure assessed by STRUCTURE. Conclusions： These results suggest that within-breed genetic variation in Nigerian sheep is higher than between-breeds and may be a valuable tool for genetic improvement and conservation. The

关键词： Discriminant analysis Genetic distance microsatellite DNA morphological traits Nigerian sheep

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Effects of coat colour genes on body measurements, heat tolerance traits and haematological parameters in West African Dwarf sheep

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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第4期3卷 280-284页

作者： John S. Decampos Christian O. N. Ikeobi Olajide Olowofeso Olusiji F. Smith matthew A. Adeleke mathew Wheto David O. Ogunlakin Abubakar A. mohammed timothy m. sanni Babatunde A. Ogunfuye Raman A. Lawal Adeyemi S. Adenaike Samuel A. Amusan Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Animal Physiology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria

With 178 West African Dwarf sheep aged 1 to 3 years, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of coat colour genes on body measurements, heat tolerance traits and haematological parameters. Body measurements considered included body length, hair length, ear length, hip width, tail length, height at withers, rump height, fore cannon bone length, chest depth, heart girth and body weight. Heat tolerance traits considered were skin temperature, rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate. Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (mCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (mCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin cell (mCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelets (PLT), mean platelets volume (mPV), platelets distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrits (PCT). Results showed that coat colour gene (CCG) had significant (P mp height and tail length. Animals with black (BB) coat colour had the highest mean value for rump height (57.80 ± 1.29 cm) and tail length (22.10 ± 0.89 cm), while brown (Bb) coat colour had the least value of 53.00 ± 6.00 cm for rump height and 17.50 ± 0.50 cm for tail length. The CCG had significant (P mperature and pulse rate, with the grey/mouflon (Ag) colour possessing the highest body temperature (38.90°C ± 0.22°C), and Bb having the least value of 37.20°C ± 0.35°C. White/tan (Awt) had the highest pulse rate of 28.90 ± 0.66 beats/min and Bb had the least value of 20.00 ± 2.00 beats/min. The CCG had significant (P mPV with brown (Bb) colour having the highest RBC counts (18.20 ± 0.00 L) and badgerface (Ab) having the least value (11.50 ± 0.62 L). The Bb had the highest value (5.60 ± 0.00 fL) for mPV and Ab had the least value (4.70 ± 0.15 fL). Sheep with Bb and Ab were found to withstand heat stress better than others.

关键词： Coat Colour Gene Haematological Parameters morphological Indices Sheep

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molecular Diagnosis of Subclinical African Trypanosoma vivax Infection and Association with Physiological Indices and Serum metabolites in Extensively managed Goats in the Tropics

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2013年第1期3卷 39-45页

作者： timothy m. sanni Gbolabo O. Onasanya mufliat A. Adefenwa Abdulmojeed Yakubu Christian O. N. Ikeobi Olufunmilayo A. Adebambo Adewale O. Talabi michael O. Ozoje mathew Wheto michael I. Takeet Sunday O. Peters marcos De Donato Bolaji N. Thomas Ikhide G. Imumorin Department of Animal Science Cornell University Ithaca USA

Trypanosomosis remains a major challenge to livestock production in much of tropical Sub-Saharan Africa, while diagnosis and treatment still depend on inefficient parasitological techniques. Endemic infections depend on animal reservoirs with subclinical parasitemia. We report molecular diagnosis of subclinical Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the first time in Nigerian goats and associate parasite presence with gross physiological traits and serum metabolites in extensively managed Nigerian goats. PCR was used to amplify a 400 bp DNA fragment of the parasite genome in 205 goats across three geographical zones of the country. Results showed a high subclinical infection rate (SCIR) of 71.7% in the total goats examined. Overall SCIRs of 71%, 75.9% and 55.6% were recorded in West African Dwarf, Red Sokoto and Sahel goats respectively, while geographical SCIRs were 71.2% (Southwest), 75% (Northwest) and 70% (Northeast). T. vivax presence had significant (P 0.05) effect on respiratory rate and is associated with higher creatinine levels in sera. Logistic regression analyses with Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit showed that respiratory rate is the most important predictive trait for the presence of T. vivax infection (P 0.05). Goats appear to be a viable reservoir for T. vivax infection of other livestock. molecular diagnosis of subclinical trypanosomosis using PCR could be useful for large scale epidemiological studies, early diagnosis of subclinical infection and treatment of the disease in extensively managed tropical goats.

关键词： molecular Diagnosis Trypanosoma vivax Serum metabolites Physiological Indices Nigeria Goats

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Comparison of Results of Recent Seismic Profiles with Tectonic models of the North China Craton

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 250-259页

作者： timothy m Kusky State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral Resources Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazardMinistry of EducationChina University of Geosciences

The geometry and timing of amalgamation of the North China craton（NCC） have been controversial,with three main models with significantly different interpretations of regional structure,geochronology,and geological *** model of Zhao G C et *** that the eastern and western blocks of the NCC formed separately in the Archean,and an active margin was developed on the eastern block between 2.5 and 1.85 Ga,when the two blocks collided above an east dipping subduc-tion *** model of Kusky et *** that the eastern block rifted from an unknown larger continent at circa 2.7 Ga,and experienced a collision with an arc（perhaps attached to the western block） above a west-dipping subduction zone at 2.5 Ga,and the 1.85 Ga metamorphism is related to a collision along the northern margin of the craton when the NCC joined the Columbia *** model of Faure et *** two collisions in the central orogenic belt,at 2.1 and 1.88 *** seismic results support both the models of Kusky et *** Faure et al.,showing that subduction be-neath the central orogenic belt（COB） was west-directed,and that there is a second,west-dipping pa-leosubduction zone located to the east of the COB dipping beneath the western block（Ordos craton）.The boundaries identified through geophysics do not correlate with the boundaries of the Trans-North China orogen suggested in the Zhao et ***,and the subduction polarity is opposite that predicted by that *** seismic profiles are consistent with an Archean collision above a west-dipping sub-duction zone beneath the COB predicted by the models of Kusky et al.,and the second west-dipping subduction zone is consistent with the two events suggested in the Faure et ***.

关键词： North China craton Archean tectonics geophysics.

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On the Role of Dual Active margin Collision for Exhuming the World's Largest Ultrahigh Pressure metamorphic Belt

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第6期23卷 802-812页

作者：王璐 timothy m Kusky m Santosh State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Three Gorges Geo-hazard Research Center of ministry of Education China University of Geosciences China University of Geosciences

ABSTRACT： A wide variety of tectonic models have been invoked to explain the exhumation of the world＇s largest ultrahigh pressure （UHP） orogenic belt, the Qinling Dabieshan Sulu belt in China, and its correlatives in Korea. most of these models assume that the orogen contains one main collisional suture between the North and South China cratons that collided in the mesozoic. New field data reveal that this model is too simplistic, and that the collision involved an additional mi- croplate, which initially rifted off the Yangtze craton. This continental microplate was partially sub- ducted beneath an active margin on the North China craton, and subsequently an additional active Andean-style margin developed on the southern margin of the Qinling microplate after collision, leav- ing the near-vertical microplate wedged between the two thickened and thermally softened margins. The thermo-mechanical environment of collision thus left a cold, thick, and buoyant microplate wedged between two easily deformed margins, which acted as power-law creep channels, accommodating rapid buoyancy-driven rise of a 2 000 km long wedge of the subducted microplate, which became intimately involved with the collisional process. An addi- tional segment of the northern Yangtze craton was subducted to ~100 kin, and formed a separate wedge that rose alongside the thermally softened margin of the Qinling mieroeontinent, and was bordered on the south by the recently thermally- softened rift zone where the Qinling mieroeonti- nent broke off the Yangtze eraton between Late Devonian and Permian times. Recognizing the dual active margins in Qinling-Dabieshan-Sulu orogen and the thermally-softened power-law creep channels sheds new light on understanding exhumation of the world＇s largest ultrahigh pressure belt. We propose that this model is generally applicable to other UHP belts worldwide.

关键词： ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt plate tectonics subduction collision exhumation,Qinling-Dabieshan-Sulu belt.

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Déjàvu:might Future Eruptions of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano be a Repeat of the Devastating Eruption of Santorini,Greece(1650 BC)?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 229-235页

作者： timothy m.Kusky Center for Global Tectonics Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-HazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The remote Pacific islands nation of Tonga(about 170 islands,with a population of 105000),and surrounding countries,are suffering from the damage from one of the largest,most explosive volcanic eruptions in at least several decades,at least since the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo in the *** data is still coming in from the Jan.15,2022 *** reports show(remarkably)few casualties,but the islands are still(as of this writing)inaccessible because of thick volcanic ash coverings。

关键词： volcanic eruption thick

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Comparative orotomy of the Archean Superior and Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic systems

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National Science Review 2023年第2期10卷 20-48页

作者： timothy m.Kusky A.m.Celal ?eng?r Center for Global Tectonics School of Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of Geosciences Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Department of Geological Engineering Middle East Technical University Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences Istanbul Technical University Department of Geology Faculty of Mines Istanbul Technical University

We compare and contrast the materials and mechanisms of continental crustal growth in the largest preserved regions of Phanerozoic and Archean juvenile additions to the crust,to test for similarities or differences in the formation of continents through *** accomplish this through a comparison of map patterns,lithological contents,and structural and metamorphic evolution of the Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic system of Asia,with the Archean Superior Province of the North American Craton,using a method termed comparative *** orogenic systems consist of collages of curvilinear belts of eroded arcs,some older continental slivers,and vast tracts of former subduction/accretionary *** contain numerous shreds of portions of the ophiolite suite,slivers of island and continental arcs,and accreted oceanic plateau,all intruded by multiple magmatic suites during or between multiple deformation events,then sliced by large transcurrent fault systems and bent into large oroclinal *** make this comparison because the Superior Province is a typical Archean craton that was later,in the P aleoproterozoic,incorporated into the larger North American Craton,and has occupied a central position in several super continents(*** and Nuna,which then formed the core of Columbia,Rodinia,Laurentia and Pangea) during its *** it is the largest single fragment of Archean continental cratonic lithosphere preserved on Earth,the Superior Province is widely regarded as a testing ground for how Earth’s continental crust was ***,the Altaids encompass the largest region of crustal growth for the *** comparison with the Altaids is needed,as in recent years many myths about how the planet may have responded to higher heat production and flow in the Archean have emerged,because of trends in the science where regional geology is ignored in favor of numerical models,isotopic proxies for assumed models of chemical behavior for crust-for

关键词： Altaids superior province ophiolite subduction strike-slip

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Environmental monitoring of Bombetoka Bay and the Betsiboka Estuary,madagascar,Using multi-temporal Satellite Data

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第2期21卷 210-226页

作者： Tsilavo Raharimahefa timothy m Kusky Department of Earth Sciences Laurentian University Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard Ministry of EducationChina University of Geosciences(Wuhan) State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral Resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)

The causes and consequences of soil erosion in madagascar have been the focus of recent environmental debates. The Betsiboka, madagascar＇s largest river stretching 600 km from the high central plateau to the northwest coast on the mozambique Channel, is a major conduit for transporting lateritic soils and sediments derived from the highlands of Central madagascar to the sea. These en- trained lateritic sediments color the river a blood-red hue, as if the life of the island is being drained away. In this study, Landsat visible and near infrared spectral bands are used to map the underwater sediments especially under the sea and in the interface between seawater and freshwater. Band color composites, single bands and band ratios are used to improve the detection of underwater sediments including sand bars and delta lobes. We show the evolution of the bay, coastline, delta, and change detection results derived from Landsat satellite images recorded in 1973, 1989, 1999, 2000 and 2003, respectively. Results indicate that sedimentary transport and suspension in Bombetoka Bay has significantly changed during the past 30 years, with a dramatic increase in the amount of sediment moved by the river, and deposited in the estuary and in offshore delta lobes. These changes have adversely affected agriculture, fisheries, and transportation for one of madagascar＇s largest ports. The changes are attributed to increased erosion following large-scale deforestation, bush fires, and overgrazing in the river basin.

关键词： environment monitoring madagascar delta remote sensing Landsat.

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ASTER Analysis for Locating REE-Bearing Granites in Arid Regions:Example from the Arabian Shield

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1114-1123页

作者： Reda Amer timothy m.Kusky Department of Earth and Space Sciences Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX77710USA State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesBadong National Observatory and Research Station for GeohazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

The world’s increasing demand for rare earth elements(REEs)highlights the potential for using new multispectral remote sensing techniques to define new exploration targets in arid regions,such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA),Egypt,and regions of central and western *** REEs cannot be detected by satellite multispectral instruments,REEs-bearing alkaline granites can be identified on ASTER ***,we develop a new ASTER band ratio scheme to delineate mineralization-related features of the Ghurayyah REE-bearing peralkaline granite in the northwestern *** Ghurayyah peralkaline stock is located at the intersection of a NW striking segment of the Najd-fault system,and an E-W striking *** is surrounded to the north and west by metavolcanics,from east by the Jabal Dabbagh alkali granite,and from the south by *** mineralogical composition of granitic rocks resulted in spectral variation and causes absorption features at different wavelengths in the shortwave infrared(SWIR).The newly developed band ratios were constructed from(b6+b8)/(b6–b8)in red;(b6+b8)/b4 in green,and(b7–b9)/(b7+b9)in blue,enabling the discrimination between the Ghurayyah REE-bearing peralkaline granite,Jabal Dabbagh alkali granite,monzogranite,and *** work will be carried out to perform higher-resolution drone-based hyperspectral imaging for new high-resolution mapping and evaluate the existing REE deposits,emphasizing field spectral measurements to identify the spectral reflectance of REEs mineralized zones and the absorption features of monazite,columbite-tantalite,and aeschynite-(Y),coupled with rock sampling for petrographical,spectral,and geochemical *** methods have great potential for locating REEs-bearing peralkaline granites in the Arabian shield and elsewhere,such as arid portions of central and western China and adjacent regions.

关键词： remote sensing multispectral imaging rare earth elements Arabian Shield mineral exploration

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