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Joint Contact Forces with Changes in Running Stride length and Midsole Stiffness

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第1期2卷 69-76页

作者： Joshua M.Thomas WBrent Edwards timothy R.Derrick Department of Health Wellnessand SportUniversity of DubuqueDubuqueIA 52001USA Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Kinesiology Iowa State University111L Forker BuildingAmesIA 50011USA

The purpose of this study was to determine if lower extremity joint loading was influenced by stride length or shoe midsole *** subjects completed 10 trials of overground running at an average speed of 4.43 m/s in each of three condi-tions:normal running,running with a stride length(Sl)reduced by 10%of normal,and running with a cushioned midsole stiffness(i.e.,mechanical impact reduction of 13.7-10.9 g).Reaction forces calculated from inverse dynamics were summed with muscle forces estimated from a musculoskeletal model using static optimization to obtain joint contact forces at the hip,knee and ankle *** components of the contact forces[axial,anterior-posterior,and medial-lateral(Ml)]were examined using parametric statistics(α=0.05).Reducing stride length resulted in significant decreases in absolute peak ankle contact forces in the axial direction(normal:-14.5±1.5 BW;reduced Sl:-14.0±1.6 BW)and the Ml direction(normal:0.67±0.23 BW;reduced Sl:0.61±0.21 BW).Reducing stride length also reduced the peak absolute axial forces at the knee(normal:-10.6±1.3 BW;reduced Sl:-9.8±1.2 BW)and the hip(normal:-7.26±2.24 BW;reduced Sl:-6.75±2.10 BW).The cushioned shoe did not statistically reduce the peak absolute contact forces from the normal stride condition at any of the *** hoc stress analysis suggested that the observed changes in anterior hip force would increase stress more than any of the other statistically significant *** in stride length appear to decrease some joint contact variables but cushioning in the heel region of the shoe does not.

关键词： Gait Injury Compressive force Shear force Cushioning Strain

Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 inhibitors on fatty liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第12期12卷 1258-1266页

作者： Muhammad Shafiq timothy Walmann Venkat Nutalapati Cheryl Gibson Yousaf Zafar General and Geriatric Medicine University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Gastroenterology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States Internal Medicine NCH Health Care SystemNaplesFL 34102United States

BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD)and its predisposing risk factors,but the conclusions from these studies have been *** challenging is the fact that no effective treatment is currently available for *** To determine the effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9(PCSK9)inhibitors on fatty infiltration of the *** This retrospective,chart review-based study was conducted on patients,18-yearold and above,who were currently on PCSK9 inhibitor drug *** were excluded from the study according to missing pre-or post-treatment imaging or laboratory values,presence of cirrhosis or rhabdomyolysis,or development of acute liver injury during the PCSK9 inhibitor treatment period;the latter being due to false elevation of liver function markers,alanine aminotransferase(AlT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST).Radiographic improvement was assessed by a single radiologist,who read both the pre-and post-treatment images to minimize reading *** infiltration of the liver was also assessed by changes in AlT and AST,with pre-and post-treatment levels compared by paired t-test(alpha criterion:0.05).RESUlTS Of the 29 patients included in the study,8 were male(27.6%)and 21 were female(72.4%).Essential hypertension was present in 25(86.2%)of the patients,diabetes mellitus in 18(62.1%)and obesity in 15(51.7%).In all,patients were on PCSK9 inhibitors for a mean duration of 23.69±11.18 mo until the most recent AlT and AST measures were *** the 11 patients who received the radiologic diagnosis of hepatic steatosis,8(72.73%)achieved complete radiologic resolution upon use of PCSK9 inhibitors(mean duration of 17.6 mo).On average,the AlT level(IU/l)decreased from 21.83±11.89 at pretreatment to 17.69±8.00 at posttreatment(2-tailed P=0.042)and AST level(IU/l)decreased from 22.48±9.00 pretreatment to 20.59±5.47 post-treatment(2-tailed P=0.201).CONClUSION PCSK9 inhibit

关键词： Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 inhibitor Fatty liver Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Alanine aminotransferase Aspartate aminotransferase Imaging

Rolling Circle Amplification on Biotin-Streptavidin Complexes Immobilized to Activated Cyclic Polyolefin Surfaces

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第9期4卷 538-548页

作者： Herin Oh Alec Cerchiari Desirée Sorensen timothy Mon Cassandra l.Smith Molecular Biology Research laboratory Boston UniversityBostonUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston Uni-versityBostonUSA Department of Biology Boston UniversityBostonUSA

Cyclic polyolefin (COP) is an inexpensive hydrophobic material with low auto-fluorescence, high light transmittance and thermal stability, broad chemical resistance and no non-specific protein binding. Here, the hydrophobic alkane COP was modified to have carbonyl functionalities through oxygen plasma and chemical etching treatments to increase usefulness for chemical and biochemical applications. Then, biotin-hydrazide was used to create biotinylated surfaces that bound streptavidin. A biotinylated target oligonucleotide was subsequently bound to the immobilized biotin-streptavidin and ligation mediated rolling circle amplification-based (l-RCA) SNP detection was demonstrated.

关键词： Cyclic Polyolefin ligation Mediated Rolling Circle Amplification SNP Detection

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垂直对流与倾斜对流相互作用的数值试验

气象科技 1992年第6期20卷 54-56页

作者： timothy l.Miller Shih-Hung Chou 吕越华 NASA/马歇尔空间飞行中心

1.引言对称不稳定性('倾斜对流')在大气中起一定作用的看法是有道理的.除理论研究外,Emanuel和他的同事已观测到部分中纬度斜压系统对于倾斜对流来说是中性的,即θ_e(相当位温)和M(总动量)面相互平行.认为在水平温度梯度存在的情况下只... 详细信息

1.引言对称不稳定性('倾斜对流')在大气中起一定作用的看法是有道理的.除理论研究外,Emanuel和他的同事已观测到部分中纬度斜压系统对于倾斜对流来说是中性的,即θ_e(相当位温)和M(总动量)面相互平行.认为在水平温度梯度存在的情况下只要有垂直对流作用就能使大气稳定到倾斜对流,这是没有道理的,其实倾斜对流本身必定出现,并在垂直对流消失之处取而代之.较为合理的观点是认为这些并不是两种互不相关的现象,而是一种较普遍现象的两种情况.

关键词：垂直对流倾斜对流数值模拟

Paracentesis following intravitreal drug injections in maintaining physiologic ocular perfusion pressure

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第12期10卷 1925-1927页

作者： Austin Bach Artur Filipowic Aaron S. Gold Azeema latiff timothy G. Murray Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of MiamiMiamiFL 33136USA Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine Des MoinesIA 50312USA Murray Ocular Oncology&Retina MiamiFL 33143USA

A retrospective analysis was performed of patients who received a paracentesis immediately following an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab or triamcinolone *** patients were previously diagnosed as having glaucoma,ocular hypertension,or had responded previously with sustained elevated intraocular *** 1661 procedures were *** 219（13%） of the injections were on phakic patients.A median（SD） of 210 μl（40 μl） of aqueous was removed during each *** were no reported incidences of any *** propose performing a paracentesis immediately following intravitreal injections for patients at risk for ocular hypertension,glaucoma,and retinal vein or artery occlusion.

关键词： anterior chamber paracentesis intravitreal injection intraocular pressure ocular perfusion pressure

Interaction of Seedling Germination, Planting Date, and Flumioxazin on Peanut Physiology under Irrigated Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第12期11卷 2012-2030页

作者： Nicholas l. Hurdle timothy l. Grey Cristiane Pilon W. Scott Monfort Donn G. Shilling Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton GA USA

Diclosulam and flumioxazin applied preemergent (PRE) results in direct peanut exposure to these herbicides prior to seedling emergence. Flumioxazin has been reported to induce injury in adverse weather (i.e. cool-wet soil conditions) at crop emergence. Research at Ty Ty and Plains, Georgia evaluated the physiological effects of PRE herbicides to emerging peanut in 2018 and 2019. Peanut seed with variable germination and different planting dates were evaluated as additional factors. Peanut plant physiological measurements included electron transport (ETR), net assimilation rate (Anet), quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and stomatal conductance to water vapor (GSW). Data were obtained from V3 to R1 peanut growth stages using a LiCOR 6800, along with stand counts and plant width measures. In 2018, diclosulam reduced peanut ETR when measured across multiple growing degree days (GDD) after planting, compared to the nontreated control (NTC). Flumioxazin reduced peanut ETR compared to the NTC, at several sample timings for each planting date. In 2018 and 2019 at both locations, flumioxazin impacted Anet less than ETR, but was consistently similar to/or greater than the NTC. Peanut ΦPSII responded similarly as Anet at each location and yr. GSW was variable in both years<

关键词： Diclosulam Flumioxazin Peanut Arachis hypogaea l. Photosynthesis Electron Transport

Simulating long-term effect of Hyrcanian forest loss on phosphorus loading at the sub-watershed level

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Journal of Arid land 2018年第3期10卷 457-469页

作者： Fatemeh RAJAEI Abbas E SARI Abdolrassoul SAlMANMAHINY timothy O RANDHIR Majid DElAVAR Reza D BEHROOZ Alireza M BAVANI Department of Environment Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science Tarbiat Modares University Department of Environmental Gorgan University of Agricultural Science & Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Department of Water Resources Agriculture Faculty Tarbiat Modares University Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources University of Zabol Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Faculty of Abouraihan University of Tehran

Conversion of forest land to farmland in the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran increases the nutrient input, especially the phosphorus（P） nutrient, thus impacting the water quality. Modeling the effect of forest loss on surface water quality provides valuable information for forest management. This study predicts the future impacts of forest loss between 2010 and 2040 on P loading in the Tajan River watershed at the sub-watershed level. To understand drivers of the land cover, we used land Change Modeler（lCM） combining with the Soil Water Assessment Tool（SWAT） model to simulate the impacts of land use change on P loading. We characterized priority management areas for locating comprehensive and cost-effective management practices at the sub-watershed level. Results show that agricultural expansion has led to an intense deforestation. During the future period 2010–2040, forest area is expected to decrease by 34,739 hm^2. And the areas of pasture and agriculture are expected to increase by 7668 and 27,071 hm^2, respectively. In most sub-watersheds, P pollution will be intensified with the increase in deforestation by the year 2040. And the P concentration is expected to increase from 0.08 to 2.30 mg/l in all of sub-watersheds by the year 2040. It should be noted that the phosphorous concentration exceeds the American Public Health Association′s water quality standard of 0.2 mg/l for P in drinking water in both current and future scenarios in the Tajan River watershed. Only 30% of sub-watersheds will comply with the water quality standards by the year 2040. The finding of the present study highlights the importance of conserving forest area to maintain a stable water quality.

关键词： phosphorus land use change modeling forest loss prioritizing management area Tajan River Iran

Development of Perennial Wheat Through Hybridization Between Wheat and Wheatgrasses： A Review

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 507-513页

作者： lei Cui Yongkang Ren timothy D. Murray Wenze Yan Qing Guo Yuqi Niu Yu Sun Hongjie li Institute of Crop Science Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yaiyuan 030031 China The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

Wheatgrasses （Thinopyrum spp.）, which are relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum l）, have a perennial growth habit and offer resistance to a diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses, making them useful in wheat improvement. Many of these desirable traits from Thinopyrum spp. have been used to develop wheat cultivars by introgression breeding. The perennial growth habit of wheatgrasses inherits as a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by many unknown genes. Previous studies have indicated that Thinopyrum spp. are able to hybridize with wheat and produce viable/stable amphiploids or partial amphiploids. Meanwhile, efforts have been made to develop perennial wheat by domestication of Thinopyrum spp. The most promising perennial wheat-Thinopyrum lines can be used as grain and/or forage crops, which combine the desirable traits of both parents. The wheat-Thinopyrum lines can adapt to diverse agricultural systems. This paper summarizes the development of perennial wheat based on Thinopyrum, and the genetic aspects, breeding methods, and perspectives of wheat-Thinopyrum hybrids.

关键词： Thinopyrum Wheatgrass Perennial Triticum aestivum

Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun lI Jing ZHENG Bo lI Min MIN Yanan lIU Chian-Yi lIU Zhenglong lI WPaul MENZEl timothy J.SCHMIT John l.CINTINEO Scott lINDSTROM Scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han lIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection