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Large-scale forest inventories of the United States and China reveal positive effects of biodiversity on productivity

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 272-287页

作者： james V watson Jingjing Liang Patrick C Tobin Xiangdong Lei james S Rentch Catherine E Artis Davis College of Agriculture Natural Resources and DesignWest Virginia University Forest Service U.S.Department of AgricultureNorthern Research Station School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of Forestry

Background： With the loss of species worldwide due to anthropogenic factors, especially in forested ecosystems, it has become more urgent than ever to understand the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship （BEFR）. BEFR research in forested ecosystems is very limited and thus studies that incorporate greater geographic coverage and structural complexity are needed. Methods： We compiled ground-measured data from approx, one half million forest inventory sample plots across the contiguous United States, Alaska, and northeastern China to map tree species richness, forest stocking, and productivity at a continental scale. Based on these data, we investigated the relationship between forest productivity and tree species diversity, using a multiple regression analysis and a non-parametric approach to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results： In general, forests in the eastern United States consisted of more tree species than any other regions in the country. The highest forest stocking values over the entire study area were concentrated in the western United States and Central Appalachia. Overall, 96.4 % of sample plots （477,281） showed a significant positive effect of species richness on site productivity, and only 3.6 % （17,349） had an insignificant or negative effect. Conclusions： The large number of ground-measured plots, as well as the magnitude of geographic scale, rendered overwhelming evidence in support of a positive BEFR. This empirical evidence provides insights to forest management and biological conservation across different types of forested ecosystems. Forest timber productivity may be impaired by the loss of species in forests, and biological conservation, due to its potential benefits on maintaining species richness and productivity, can have profound impacts on the functioning and services of forested ecosystems.

关键词： Tree species diversity Forest management Biological conservation Continental map of forest diversity Spatial autocorrelation Bootstrap

Lifetime risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9611-9617页

作者： Piers Gatenby Christine Caygill Christine Wall Santanu Bhatacharjee james Ramus Anthony watson Marc Winslet Division of Surgery and Interventional Science UCLLondonNW32QGUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate the lifetime risk of development of esophageal adenocarcinoma and/or high-grade dysplasia in patients diagnosed with Barrett’s ***:Data were extracted from the United Kingdom National Barrett’s Oesophagus Registry on date of diagnosis,patient age and gender of 7877 patients from who had been registered from 35 United Kingdom *** expectancy was evaluated from United Kingdom National Statistics data based upon gender and age at year at *** data were then used with published estimates of annual adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia incidences from metaanalyses and large population-based studies to estimate overall lifetime risk of development of these study ***:The mean age at diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus was 61.6 years in males and 67.3 years in *** mean life expectancy at diagnosis was23.1 years in males,20.7 years in females and 22.2years *** data from published meta-analyses,the lifetime risk of development of adenocarcinoma was between 1 in 8 and 1 in 14 and the lifetime risk of high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma was 1 in 5 to1 in *** data from 3 large recent population-based cohort studies the lifetime risk of adenocarcinoma was between 1 in 10 and 1 in 37 and of the combined endpoint of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma was between 1 in 8 and 1 in *** at Barrett’s esophagus diagnosis is reducing and life expectancy is increasing,which will partially counter-balance lower annual cancer ***:There is a significant lifetime risk of development of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus.

关键词： Barrett esophagus Esophageal neoplasms Forecasting Meta-analysis Cohort studies

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james L. watson教授访谈录

民俗研究 1999年第3期 13-16页

作者： jamesL.watson 叶涛民俗研究编辑部

ＪａｍｅｓＬ．Ｗａｔｓｏｎ教授（汉名华琛、屈顺天）是美国著名人类学家、哈佛大学费正清讲座教授，他自６０年代末开始在香港新界新田村调查当地的文氏家族，３０年来，他在中国文化（尤其是汉人的家族、仪式、海外移民社区研究）及... 详细信息

ＪａｍｅｓＬ．Ｗａｔｓｏｎ教授（汉名华琛、屈顺天）是美国著名人类学家、哈佛大学费正清讲座教授，他自６０年代末开始在香港新界新田村调查当地的文氏家族，３０年来，他在中国文化（尤其是汉人的家族、仪式、海外移民社区研究）及全球化与现代性本土化等方面的研究成果卓?（共4页)

关键词：世界人类学民俗学麦当劳研究对象田野作业社会变迁民俗研究人类学家田野调查哈佛大学

Climate Change Adaptation Planning for Biodiversity Conservation:A Review

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2012年第1期3卷 1-11页

作者： james E. M. watson Madhu RAO KANG Ai-Li XIE Yan Global Conservation Programs Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx NY 10460 USA School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia Wildlife Conservation Society and Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore Wildlife Conservation Society China Program Beijing 100101 China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Climate change has been linked to well-documented changes in physiology, phenology, species distributions, and in some cases, extinction. Projections of future change point to dramatic shifts in the states of many ecosystems. Aceommodating these shifts to effectively conserve biodiversity in the context of uncertain climate regimes represents one of the most difficult challenges faced by conservation planners. A number of adaptation strategies have been proposed for managing species and ecosystems in a changing climate. However, there has been little guidance available on integrating climate change adaptation strategies into contemporary conservation planning frameworks. The paper reviews the different approaches being used to integrate climate change adaptation into conservation planning, broadly categorizing strategies as continuing and extending on ＂best practice＂ principles and those that integrate species vulnerability assessments into conservation planning. We describe the characteristics of a good adaptation strategy emphasizing the importance of incorporating clear principles of flexibility and efficiency, accounting for uncertainty, integrating human response to climate change and understanding trade-offs.

关键词： climate change adaptation conservation planning species conservation: vulnerabilitv analvsis

Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 240-248页

作者： Jing Zhang james Mcgettrick Kangyu Ji Jinxin Bi Thomas Webb Xueping Liu Dongtao Liu Aobo Ren Yuren Xiang Bowei Li Vlad Stolojan Trystan watson Samuel D.Stranks Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute(ATI) University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK SPECIFIC College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay Campus SA18ENSwansea UK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ JThomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Chemical Engineering&Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based ***,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge *** further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport *** to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced *** addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.

关键词： fast and balanced charge transfer inverted perovskite solar cells long-term stability low-temperature processing metal oxides

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2型糖尿病是一种氧化还原性疾病

基础医学与临床 2014年第5期34卷 577-578页

作者： james D watson 曾武威方福德机构不详

2014年3月《柳叶刀》杂志发表了DNA双螺旋结构发现者、诺贝尔奖获得者JD watson的"2型糖尿病是一种氧化还原性疾病"一文(Lancet,1 March 2014,Vol 383:841-843),提出"2型糖尿病是由于氧化不足所引起"的假说。该假说以事实为依据,打破经... 详细信息

2014年3月《柳叶刀》杂志发表了DNA双螺旋结构发现者、诺贝尔奖获得者JD watson的"2型糖尿病是一种氧化还原性疾病"一文(Lancet,1 March 2014,Vol 383:841-843),提出"2型糖尿病是由于氧化不足所引起"的假说。该假说以事实为依据,打破经典观念和思维模式的束缚,"反其道而行之",具有很大的冲击力和启发性。为了及时了解该假说的基本内容,本刊特摘译了其中的主要部分,以飨读者。

关键词：心血管疾病 2型糖尿病过氧化氢还原性运动应激阿尔茨海默病骨骼肌细胞身体健康

Acute care needs in an Indian emergency department： A retrospective analysis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第3期7卷 191-195页

作者： Elizabeth G. Clark Jessica watson Allison Leemann Alan H. Breaud Frank G. Feeley III james Wolff Tamorish Kole Gabrielle A. Jacquet Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences Trivandrum Kerala India Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Emergency Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA Boston University Center for Global Health and Development Boston Massachusetts USA Max Hospital New Delhi India Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA

BACKGROUND: Emergencies such as road traffic accidents(RTAs), acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and cerebrovascular accident(CVA) are the most common causes of death and disability in India. Robust emergency medicine(EM) services and proper education on acute care are necessary. In order to inform curriculum design for training programs, and to improve the quality of EM care in India, a better understanding of patient epidemiology and case burden presenting to the emergency department(ED) is ***: This study is a retrospective chart review of cases presenting to the ED at Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences(KIMS), a private hospital in Trivandrum, Kerala, India, from November 1, 2011 to April 21, 2012 and from July 1, 2013 to December 21, 2013. De-identified charts were systematically sampled and ***: A total of 1 196 ED patient charts were analyzed. Of these patients, 55.35%(n=662) were male and 44.7%(n=534) were female. The majority(67.14%, n=803) were adults, while only 3.85%(n=46) were infants. The most common chief complaints were fever(21.5%, n=257), renal colic(7.3%, n=87), and dyspnea(6.9%, n=82). The most common ED diagnoses were gastrointestinal(15.5%, n=185), pulmonary(12.3%, n=147), tropical(11.1%, n=133), infectious disease and sepsis(9.9%, n=118), and trauma(8.4%, n=101).CONCLUSION: The patient demographics, diagnoses, and distribution of resources identifi ed by this study can help guide and shape Indian EM training programs and faculty development to more accurately refl ect the burden of acute disease in India.

关键词： Emergency care systems Emergency department Education Acute care Emergency department utilization

Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: an implementation framework

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1080-1082页

作者： Harvey Locke Erle C.Ellis Oscar Venter Richard Schuster Keping Ma Xiaoli Shen Stephen Woodley Naomi Kingston Nina Bhola Bernardo B.N.Strassburg Axel Paulsch Brooke Williams james E.M.watson Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas and Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Department of Biology Carleton University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre UNEP-WCMC

’Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide’ [1].The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) is intended to ensure conservation of biodiversity,its wise use, and sharing of benefits from use of genetic resources. Through

关键词： Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use an implementation framework

Predicting factors for better outcomes of stable supination external rotation type 2 ankle fractures

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第6期25卷 353-356页

作者： Efthymios Iliopoulos Jay james watson Felicity Auld Richard Freeman Natasha Hossain Brighton&SussexUniversity Hospitals NHS TrustBrightonBN25BEUnited Kingdom

Purpose:Stable Weber B ankle fractures are treated by a walking boot for 6 weeks and bearing full weight through the boot as *** aim of the present study was to assess the outcome parameters of this treatment protocol,evaluate the efficacy of using the walking boot,and investigate any possible predicting factors that could affect the ***:All the patients with stable Weber B ankle fractures,treated in our hospital between January 2018 and December 2018,were prospectively included to the *** patients were evaluated clinically,and the patient-reported outcome measures data were collected at the 2 and 6 weeks *** square,Spearman’’s rho test,independent samples and paired samplet-tests were used for the monovariant ***:A total of 128 consecutive patients(aged 52.2±19.1 years)with supination external rotation type 2 fracture were finally included to the *** the 2 weeks follow-up,the reported outcome measures scores were in moderate levels,but improved significantly at the 6 weeks follow-up(p<0.0001).Multivariant analysis revealed that the ability to bear full weight without the boot at the 2 weeks after diagnosis was the only variable,which made statistically unique contribution to the foot and ankle disability index score at the 6 weeks(p=0.005).Conclusion:Conservative treatment using a walking boot with advice to bear full weight of stable ankle Weber B fractures can bring to good functional *** ability to bear full weight without the aid of the walking boot at 2 weeks after diagnosis was the only significant predicting factor for better outcomes at 6 weeks after diagnosis.

关键词： Ankle injury Weber B SER2 Ankle fracture rehabilitation