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Fuel characteristics, loads and consumption in Scots pine forests of central Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2507-2524页

作者： Galina A.Ivanova Elena A.Kukavskaya Valery A.Ivanov Susan G.conard Douglas J.McRae V.N.sukachev institute of forest sb ras-separate subdivision of the federal research center“krasnoyarsk science center of the siberian branch of the russian academy of sciences” krasnoyarskrussia 660036 M.F.reshetnev siberian state university of science and technology krasnoyarskrussia 660049 Emeritus scientist rocky mountain research stationu.s.forest servicemissoulamt 59807usa George mason university fairfaxvausa Canadian forest service natural resources canada1219 queen street eastsault st5.marieon p6a 2e5canada

Forest fuel investigations in central and southern Siberian taiga of Scots pine forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss ground vegetation cover revealed that total aboveground biomass varied from 13.1 to 21.0 kg/m *** biomass was higher in plots in the southern taiga,while ground fuel loads were higher in the central *** developed equations for fuel biomass(both aerial and ground)that could be applicable to similar pine forest sites of Central *** loading variability found among plots is related to the impact and recovery time since the last wildfi re and the mosaic distribution of living *** consumption due to surface fi res of low to high-intensities ranged from 0.95 to 3.08 kg/m 2,that is,18–74%from prefi re *** total amount of fuels available to burn in case of fi re was up to 4.5–6.5 kg/m *** content of fuels(litter,lichen,feather moss)was related to weather conditions characterized by the Russian Fire Danger Index(PV-1)and FWI code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index *** data obtained provide a strong foundation for understanding and modeling fi re behavior,emissions,and fi re eff ects on ecosystem processes and carbon stocks and could be used to improve existing global and regional models that incorporate biomass and fuel characteristics.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris Tree biomass Surface and ground fuel loads Fuel moisture Fuel consumption

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The path to cultural modernity and behavioral hyperplasticity: A synthesis of a lecture series at the IVPP, Beijing

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人类学学报 2019年第3期38卷 419-438页

作者： Nicholas J.conard Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology & Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment University of TübingenSchloss Hohentübingen72070 TübingenGermany

This paper provides a schematic summary of the topics during the lecture series by Professor Nicholas J. conard at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, focusing on the methodological issues and researches at four topics:1) Schoningen, 2) Sibudu and other Middle Stone Age(MSA) sites in South Africa, 3) excavations at Tonchesberg, Wallertheim and other Neanderthal sites, 4) the caves of the Swabian Jura and the origins of art and music. Knowledge of excavation methods of his team, archaeological material in a broader context, and research achievements based upon the sites he is working on were shared by the lecture series. The lectures were also intended to foster international cooperation in teaching and research in future.

关键词： Paleolithic Excavation method Human evolution International cooperation

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激光雷达的应用

红外 1995年第6期 37-38页

作者： W.conard Holton ,李玲

在陆上、海中和空中,激光器都能对事件进行测量。

关键词：激光雷达光雷达激光器光激射器电子器件激光探测

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心衰患者临床变化监测方法的比较研究

世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册) 2006年第2期 29-30页

作者： Spertus J. Peterson E. conard M. W. 任付先 4401WornallRoad KansasCityMO64111United States Dr.

Background: Although monitoring the clinical status of patients with heart failure rests at the core of clinical medicine, the ability of different techniques to reflect clinical change has not been evaluated. This study sought to describe changes in various measures of disease status associated with gradations of clinical change. Methods: A prospective, 14-center cohort of 476 outpatients was assessed at baseline and 6± 2 weeks to compare changes in 7 heart failure measures with clinically observed change. Measures included health status instruments(the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire KCCQ , Short Form-12, and EQ-5D), physician-assessed functional class(New York Heart Association NYHA ), an exercise test(6-minute walk), patient weight, and a biomarker(B-type natriuretic peptide). Cardiologists, blinded to all measures except weight and NYHA, categorized clinical change ranging from large deterioration to large improvement. Results: The KCCQ, NYHA, and 6-minute walk test were most sensitive to clinical change. For patients with large, moderate, and small deteriorations, the KCCQ decreased by 25± 16, 17± 14, and 5.3± 11 points, respectively. For patients with small, moderate, and large improvements, the KCCQ increased by 5.7± 16, 10.5± 16, and 22.3± 16 points, respectively(P< .01 for all compared with the no change group). New York Heart Association and 6-minute walk distance were significantly different for those with moderate and large changes(P< .05) but neither revealed a difference between those with small versus no clinical deterioration. The KCCQ had the highest c statistic for monitoring individual patients, followed by NYHA and 6-minute walk. Conclusion: The KCCQ, followed by the NYHA and the 6-minute walk test, most accurately reflected clinical change in patients with heart failure.

关键词：心衰患者步行试验