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Biochar surface functional groups as affected by biomass feedstock, biochar composition and pyrolysis temperature

Carbon Resources Conversion 2021年第1期4卷 36-46页

作者： rainer Janu Verena Mrlik Doris Ribitsch Jakub hofman Petr Sedlácek Lucie Bielsk Gerhard Soja AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Gmbh Konrad Lorenz-Str.243430 TullnAustria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyKonrad Lorenz-Str.203430 TullnAustria Masaryk University Faculty of ScienceRECETOXKamenice 753/562500 BrnoCzech Republic Brno University of Technology Materials Research CentrePurkyňova 464/11861200 BrnoCzech Republic University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Institute for Chemical and Energy EngineeringMuthgasse 1071190 WienAustria

By testing 92 different biochars,this study had the objective to determine the relations between simple physico-chemical characteristics of biochar(elemental composition,ash fraction,specific surface area,process parameters)and infrared sorption characteristics revealing the presence of specific functional *** results of Diffusive Reflection Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy were statistically analyzed with multiple linear regression techniques and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with the biochar characterization parameters as model *** dominant parameters affecting the functional group signals were the pyrolysis temperature,the h/C-ratio and specific surface area of the biochar and the ash *** models were able to explain 60-90%of data variance for specific peaks in the *** application of PCA could further reduce the input parameters to three main factors explaining 70.8%of total data *** of the first two main factors showed the similarity of infrared spectra of biochars produced at 300 and 450℃,whereas a pyrolysis temperature of 600℃ lead to a partial and a 750℃ to a nearly complete loss of biochar surface functional groups.

关键词： FTIR DRIFTS Spectroscopy Characterization Carbonization

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Molecular Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Regulating Cerebral Arterial Contractile Protein in Rats with Cerebral Infarction Based on MLCK Pathway

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第1期29卷 61-68页

作者： LI Jing ZhANG Min hE Ying DU Yuan-hao ZhANG Xue-zhu rainer Georgi Bernhard Kolberg Xu Yan-long Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjin300193China Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Heidelberg69120Germany Uniklinik Mannheim Mannheim68167Germany Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou730050China

Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on the vasoconstriction of cerebral artery smooth muscle cells after cerebral *** Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table:the model group(n=24),the EA group(n=24),and the normal group(n=6).The model and the EA groups were divided into different time subgroups at 0.5,1,3,and 6 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),with 6 rats in each *** model was established using intraluminal suture occlusion *** EA group was given EA treatment at acupoint Shuigou(GV 26)instantly after MCAO for 20 *** contents of cerebrovascular smooth muscle MLCK,the 3 subunits of myosin light chain phosphatase(MLCP)MYPT1,PP1c-δand M20,as well as myosin-ATPase activity were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western *** The overall expression level of the MYPT1 and PP1c-δin the model group was significantly higher(Phe 0.5 h group expression level was close to that of the normal group(P>0.05),and the other subgroups were still significantly higher than the normal group(Phe expression level of each subgroup was significantly lower than the corresponding model *** was a significant difference between the 0.5 and 1 h subgroups(Phile a difference was also observed between the 3 and 6 h subgroups(Phe dynamic change rule gradually increased with the prolongation of infarction time within 6 h after *** EA intervention can inhibit contraction of cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells and regulate smooth muscle relaxation by regulating MLCK pathway.

关键词： infarction vasomotor MLCK pathway Shuigou(GV 26) electroacupuncture

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Mussel-inspired multifunctional coating for bacterial infection prevention and osteogenic induction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第9期68卷 160-171页

作者： Mingjun Li Christoph Schlaich Jianguang Zhang Ievgen S.Donskyi Karin Schwibbert Frank Schreiber Yi Xi Jorg Radnik Tanja Schwerdtle rainer haag Center for health Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universitat BerlinBerlin 14195Germany Division Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing(BAM)Berlin 12205Germany Division of Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing(BAM)Berlin 12205Germany Institute of Nutritional Science Department of Food ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamNuthetal D-14558Germany

Bacterial infection and osteogenic integration are the two main problems that cause severe complications after surgeries. In this study, the antibacterial and osteogenic properties were simultaneously introduced in biomaterials, where copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs) were generated by in situ reductions of Cu ions into a mussel-inspired hyperbranched polyglycerol(MI-h PG) coating via a simple dip-coating *** hyperbranched polyglycerol with 10 % catechol groups’ modification presents excellent antifouling property, which could effectively reduce bacteria adhesion on the surface. In this work, polycaprolactone(PCL) electrospun fiber membrane was selected as the substrate, which is commonly used in biomedical implants in bone regeneration and cardiovascular stents because of its good biocompatibility and easy post-modification. The as-fabricated Cu NPs-incorporated PCL membrane [PCL-(MI-h PG)-Cu NPs]was confirmed with effective antibacterial performance via in vitro antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Escherichia coli(E. coli), and multi-resistant E. coli. In addition, the in vitro results demonstrated that osteogenic property of PCL-(MI-h PG)-Cu NPs was realized by upregulating the osteoblast-related gene expressions and protein activity. This study shows that antibacterial and osteogenic properties can be balanced in a surface coating by introducing Cu NPs.

关键词： Mussel-inspired coating CuNPs Multi-resistant bacteria Antibacterial Antifouling Osteogenesis

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Microstructural Damage Evaluation of high Alumina Castables with Addition of Different Dimensions of Functional Aggregates After Several Thermal Shock Cycles

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China's Refractories 2015年第1期24卷 26-31页

作者： Jonas SChNIEDER Nicolas TRAON rainer TELLE Thorsten TONNESEN Gabrielle hAETTY Pierre SEIGNOL RWTh Aachen University Institute of Mineral Engineering ENSCI Limoges Cedex 87068France

Refractory materials are subjected to mechanical and chemical loads during application,which respectively lead to fracture and corrosion. The understanding of the mechanical fracture and the microstructural modification after progressive thermal shocks is necessary for the suitable design of high performance refractory *** fracture process zone can be divided into two areas,where different toughening mechanisms are likely to take place： the crack tip and the following process region called wake region. In this study,the emphasis is laid on the microstructural mechanisms occurring in the wake region of the crack and the crack tip. Therefore,functional aggregates,namely fused eutectic aggregates of Al2O3- ZrO 2- SiO 2and Al2O3- ZrO 2,and andalusite,are added to a model high alumina castable formulation based on tabular alumina. The discrepancy in thermal behavior between aggregates and matrix as well as phase transformation such as mullite formation favor further the nucleation of microcracks that reduce the stress field at the level of the crack tip. Two different grain fractions of tabular alumina（ 0. 2- 0. 6 mm or2. 24- 3. 00 mm） are substituted by these functional aggregates. After sintering at 1 500 ℃ for 6 h,the samplesare quenched up to 10 times in air without pressure from950 ℃ to room temperature. The resulting elastic properties are examined after each thermal shock cycle,as well as the residual bending strength after 0,1,3,5,7and 10 thermal shocks. These results are correlated with Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses after the different thermal shock cycles.

关键词： functional aggregates thermal shock resistance microcracks

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Signal Efficiency in Gradient Index Lens Based Two Photon Microscopy

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2013年第1期3卷 43-50页

作者： Axel Wingert henning Seim Sebastian Schürmann rainer h. A. Fink Martin Vogel Max Planck Institute of Biophysics Frankfurt Germany Medical Biophysics Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-Uni- versity Erlangen Germany

Gradient index (GRIN) lenses are often used as an optical relay to a sample at a location that is not accessible for a standard microscope. This capability is turning them into an important enabling technology that extends many optical imaging modalities like harmonic laser scanned imaging with micro endoscopic in vivo capabilities as needed in research and diagnostics. These micro endoscopic imaging variants however rely on the light scattering capability of the underlying tissue. Further complications arise from an increased number of optical interfaces and the overall optical performance of a GRIN rod. We have therefore performed a quantitative comparison of the back-scattered second harmonic generation (ShG) signal intensity generated in skin and low-scattering muscle tissue, both obtained with a standard two photon laser scanning microscope (LSM) and a GRIN lens based LSM. We report that the GRIN lens based system sees approximately 1/4 of the net two photon signal detected by the standard LSM. We expect that this value can be generalized to other LSM techniques enhanced by GRIN technology and encourage its use in experimental situations with standard LSM signal to noise ratios of four or higher.

关键词： Second harmonic Generation Gradient Index Lens Multi Photon Microscopy Multi harmonic Microscopy Micro-Endoscopy

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Mechano-Stimulation Triggers Turgor Changes Associated with Trap Closure in the Darwin Plant Dionaea muscipula

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Molecular Plant 2014年第4期7卷 744-746页

作者： María Escalante-Pérez Sonke Scherzer Khaled A.S. Al-Rasheid Christoph Dottinger Erwin Neher rainer hedrich Department for Membrane Biophysics Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical ChemistryD-37077 GottingenGermany

The Darwin plant, also known as the Venus flytrap, Dionaea muscipula, has fascinated people since Darwin＇s time. The plant lives in nutrient-poor habitats but has been able to overcome the limitations of its surroundings by evolving a carnivorous lifestyle, particularly by modifying its leaves into active traps to catch animals. When flies, ants, or other small animals touch mechano-sensitive hairs protruding from the inner surface of the bi-lobed trap, it shuts within a fraction of a second.

关键词： VENUS'S flytrap TURGOR

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Salt Stress Triggers Phosphorylation of the Arabidopsis Vacuolar K＋ Channel TPK1 by Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases （CDPKs）

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1274-1289页

作者： Andreas Latz Norbert Mehlmer Simone Zapf Thomas D. Mueller Bernhard Wurzinger Barbara Pfister Edina Csaszar rainer hedrich Markus Teige Dirk Becker Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics Julius-von-Sachs-lnstitute University of Wurzburg Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2 D-97082 Wurzburg Germany Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories University of Vienna Dr. Bohrgasse 9 A-1030 Vienna Austria Present address: Department of Biology I Botany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

14-3-3 proteins play an important role in the regulation of many cellular processes. The Arabidopsis vacuolar two-pore K＋ channel 1 （TPK1） interacts with the 14-3-3 protein GRF6 （GF14-λ）. Upon phosphorylation of the putative binding motif in the N-terminus of TPK1, GRF6 binds to TPK1 and activates the potassium channel. In order to gain a deeper understanding of this 14-3-3-mediated signal transduction, we set out to identify the respective kinases, which regulate the phosphorylation status of the 14-3-3 binding motif in TPK1. here, we report that the calcium-dependent protein kinases （CDPKs） can phosphorylate and thereby activate the 14-3-3 binding motif in TPK1. Focusing on the stress-activated kinase CPK3, we visualized direct and specific interaction of TPK1 with the kinase at the tonoplast in vivo. In line with its proposed role in K＋ homeostasis, TPK1 phosphorylation was found to be induced by salt stress in planta, and both cpk3 and tpkl mutants displayed salt-sensitive phenotypes. Molecular modeling of the TPK1-CPK3 interaction domain provided mechanistic insights into TPK1 stress-regulated phosphorylation responses and pinpointed two arginine residues in the N-terminal 14-3-3 binding motif in TPK1 critical for kinase interaction. Taken together, our studies provide evidence for an essential role of the vacuolar potassium channel TPK1 in salt-stress adaptation as a target of calcium-regulated stress signaling pathways involving Ca2＋, Ca2＋-dependent kinases, and 14-3-3 proteins.

关键词： potassium channel vacuole calcium calcium-dependent kinase 14-3-3 protein salt stress.

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Persistent effect of nurse-led education on self-care behavior and disease knowledge in heart failure patients

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2021年第2期8卷 161-167,I0002页

作者： Astrid huesken rainer hoffmann Sofien Ayed Department of Cardiology Angiology and Sleep MedicineBonifatius Hospital LingenLingenGermany

Purpose:The guidelines on the management of patients with heart failure support intensive patient education on *** present study aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term impacts of a structured education provided by a qualified heart failure nurse on patients'self-care behavior and disease ***:One hundred fifty patients(66±12 years)hospitalized for heart failure participated in a structured one-hour educational session by a heart failure *** completed a questionnaire comprising 15 questions(nine questions from the European heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale[EhFScB-9]and six on the patients'disease knowledge)one day before and one day and six months after the educational *** responses for each question ranged from 1(complete agreement)to 5(complete disagreement).Results:After the educational session,the total EhFScB-9 score improved from 24.31±6.98 to 14.94±6.22,and the disease knowledge score improved from 18.03±5.44 to 10.74±4.30(both Pherence to the medication protocol)to 3.66±1.58(everyday weighing habits)before the *** greatest improvement after education was observed on response to weight gain(-2.00±1.57),daily weight control(—1.77±1.64),and knowledge on the cause of patients'heart failure(-1.53±1.43).At 6-month follow-up,EhFScB-9 score was 17.33±7.23 and knowledge score was 12.34±5.30(both Ph baseline).No factor was predictive of an insufficient teaching ***:The educational program led by a qualified nurse improves patients'self-care behavior and disease knowledge with a persistent effect at 6-month *** are no patient characteristics which preclude the implementation of an educational session.

关键词： heart failure Knowledge Patient education Self care

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Subtalar Dislocation:Long-Term Follow-Up and CT-Morphology

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第3期5卷 53-59页

作者： Stefanie hoelscher-Doht Sonke P. Frey Sebastian Kiesel rainer h. Meffert hendrik Jansen Department of Trauma HandPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Clinics of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Caritas-HospitalBad MergentheimGermany

Introduction: Although rare, subtalar dislocations are severe injuries with long-term alterations such as clinical dysfunction or painful posttraumatic arthritis. The objective of this study was to investigate long-term morphological changes of subtalar dislocations and to correlate them to clinical function. Based on the conclusions, suggestions for therapy guidelines were made in order to improve the functional outcome. Methods: Twenty-two patients (12 with a medial, 9 with a lateral and 1 with an anterior dislocation) were re-examined with an average follow-up time of 10 years. Radiological results of a computer tomography examination of the hindfoot were related to the clinical outcome, and both were discussed in the context of further parameters, such as additional injuries, time until reduction, and post-reduction treatment. Results: Additional injuries were found to affect the clinical outcome and/or the radiological changes. Predictive factors for limited range of motion were severe skin trauma and traumatic brain injuries. Factors that predicted both poor clinical function and clear signs of arthritis included complex talus, ankle and calcaneus fractures, long time until reduction, and infection. Conclusions: In many cases, radiological results can be correlated to clinical outcomes. however, the modulating effects of additional injuries should be considered when planning therapy. In cases with additional fractures of the talus and the calcaneus, suffering pain may be reduced by an early arthrodesis of the talo-cal-canear joint. In cases involving a long stay on an intensive care unit, early functional treatment by passive motion should be discussed in special cases to improve the clinical outcome.

关键词： Subtalar Dislocation Arthritis Outcome Long-Term CT

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Effect of Electro-acupuncture on Vasomotor Symptoms in Rats with Acute Cerebral Infarction Based on Phosphatidylinositol System

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第2期28卷 145-152页

作者： LI Jing hE Ying DU Yuan-hao ZhANG Min rainer Georgi Bernhard Kolberg SUN Dong-wei MA Kun LI Yong-feng ZhANG Xue-zhu Key Laboratory of Acupuncture of Tianjin First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjin(300381)China Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin(300381)China Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute for Medical ResearchHeidelberg(69120)Germany Department of Internal Medicine Mannheim Medical School of Heidelberg UniversityMannheim(68167)Germany Department of Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenzhenGuangdong Province(518000)China Department of Preventive Treatment of Disease Binhai New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineFourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin(300193)China Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi'an(712046)China

Objective:To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture(EA)on vasomotor symptoms in rats with acute cerebral infarction,by observing the changes in the expression of factors related to the phosphatidylinositol(PI)***:Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table:the control group(n=6),the model group(n=18)and the EA group(n=18).The EA group was given EA treatment at Shuigou(GV 26)instantly after modeling with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)method,while the model and control groups were not given any *** degrees of neurological deficiency were evaluated using neurological severity scores(NSS)and the brain blood flow was evaluated by a laser scanning confocal *** blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression levels of G-protein subtype(Gq)and calmodulin(CaM).Competition for protein binding was conducted to detect the expression level of inositol triphosphate(IP3).Thin layer quantitative analysis was conducted to detect the expression level of diacylglycerol(DAG).The expression level of intracellular concentration of free calcium ion([Ca^(2+)]i)was detected by flow ***:The NSS of the model group was significantly higher than the control group at 3 and 6 h after MCAO(Phile the EA group was significantly lower than the model group at 6 h(Phe cerebral blood flow in the model group was significantly lower than the control group at 1,3 and 6 h after MCAO(Phile for the EA group it was remarkably higher than the model group at the same time points(Phe expressions of Gq,CaM,IP3,DAG and[Ca^(2+)]i in the model group were significantly higher than the control group(Phose in the EA group were significantly lower than the model group at the same time points(Phe over-expression of related factors of PI system in rats with acute cerebral infarction,impro

关键词： cerebral infarction phosphatidylinositol system vasomotion Shuigou(GV 26) electro-acupuncture Chinese medicine

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