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Added value of ratio of cross diameters of the appendix in ultrasound diagnosis of acute appendicitis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第1期16卷 21-28页

作者： Feng-wa Gu Si-Ze Wu Department of Ultrasound The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570102Hainan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The maximum outer diameter(MOD)of the appendix is an essential parameter for diagnosing acute appendicitis,but there is space for improvement in ultrasound(US)diagnostic *** To investigate whether combining the ratio of the cross diameters(RATIO)of the appendix with MOD of the appendix can enhance the diagnostic performance of acute *** A retrospective study was conducted,and medical records of 233 patients with acute appendicitis and 112 patients with a normal appendix were *** MOD and RATIO of the appendix were calculated and tested for their diagnostic performance of acute appendicitis,both individually and in *** The RATIO for a normal appendix was 1.32±0.16,while for acute appendicitis it was 1.09±*** cut-off value for RATIO was determined to be≤*** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)for diagnosing acute appendicitis using RATIO≤1.18 and MOD>6 mm was 0.870 and 0.652,*** was a significant difference in AUC between RATIO≤1.18 and MOD>6 mm(P6 mm with MOD>6 mm alone,the combination showed increased specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and ***,the sensitivity and negative predictive value *** Combining RATIO of the appendix≤1.18 and MOD>6 mm can significantly improve the specificity,PPV,and AUC in the US diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

关键词： Acute appendicitis Diameter Ratio Diagnosis Ultrasound

Connections Between Induction Generator Effect and Open-loop Modal Proximity to Cause Sub-synchronous Oscillations in Series-compensated Power System

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 963-973页

作者： Wenjuan Du Yang wang H.F.wang Tao Zhao tim Littler College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduChina School of Electrical Engineering the Queen’s University of BelfastBelfastUK IEEE

The induction generator effect(IGE)and the openloop modal proximity(OLMP)are two different reasons why subsynchronous oscillations(SSOs)in a series-compensated power system(SCPS)may *** IGE attributes the growing SSOs to negative resistance,while the OLMP explains the SSO mechanism from the standpoint of modal *** this paper,we investigate the connections between the IGE and the OLMP through equivalent RLC circuit and open-loop modal *** investigation is conducted for two types of seriescompensated power systems where either a synchronous generator or a DFIG is connected at the sending *** investigation reveals the conditions,in which the IGE and the OLMP may jointly cause the growing SSOs,i.e.,both the IGE and the OLMP can explain why the growing SSOs ***,the investigation indicates that the IGE and the OLMP may be totally irrelevant and lead to growing SSOs *** implies that it is possible that in a SCPS,the growing SSOs are only due to the IGE,and the OLMP is non-existent,and vice ***,when the growing SSOs occurs in a SCPS,examination based on both the IGE and the OLMP should be carefully conducted in order to find if the oscillatory instability is due to the IGE,or the OLMP,or both of them.

关键词： Induction generator effect open-loop modal proximity series compensation sub-synchronous oscillations

The role of extracorporeal life support and timing of repair in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 90-99页

作者： Daniel B Gehle Logan C Meyer tim Jancelewicz Le Bonheur Children's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA

Extracorporeal life support(ECLS)serves as a rescue therapy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and severe cardiopulmonary failure,and only half of these patients survive to *** costly intervention has a significant complication risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refractory to maximal cardiopulmonary *** contraindications to ECLS do exist such as coagulopathy,lethal chromosomal or congenital anomaly,very preterm birth,or very low birth weight,but many of these limits are being evaluated through further *** guidelines from the past decade vary in recommendations for ECLS use in patients with CDH but this therapy appears to have a survival benefit in the most severe subset of *** outcomes have been observed for patients treated at high-volume *** review details the evolving literature surrounding management paradigms for timing of CDH repair for patients receiving preoperative *** recent data support early repair following cannulation to avoid non-repair which is uniformly fatal in this *** ECLS runs are associated with decreased survival,and patient physiology should guide ECLS weaning and eventual decannulation rather than limiting patients to arbitrary run *** of care across centers is a major focus to limit unnecessary costs and improve short-term and long-term outcomes for these complex patients.

关键词： congenital life repair

A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta tim Harrison Christopher ward Roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network Rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway ***,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch *** approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control ***,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are *** is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and *** simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked *** paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“REPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： Railway track switch Mathematical modelling Redundant actuation Finite element analysis

Hormone-based pharmacotherapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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Medical Review 2024年第2期4卷 158-168页

作者： Zara Siu wa Chui Yaqian Xue Aimin Xu State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong SARChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong SARChina Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong SARChina

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has reached epidemic proportions globally in parallel to the rising prevalence of *** its significant burden,there is no approved pharmacotherapy specifically tailored for this *** potential drug candidates for MAFLD have encountered setbacks in clinical trials,due to safety concerns or/and insufficient therapeutic ***,several investigational drugs that mimic the actions of endogenous metabolic hormones,including thyroid hormone receptorβ(THRβ)agonists,fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)analogues,and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs),showed promising therapeutic efficacy and excellent safety *** them,resmetirom,a liver-targeted THRβ-selective agonist,has met the primary outcomes in alleviation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),the advanced form of MAFLD,and liver fibrosis in phase-3 clinical *** hormone-based pharmacotherapies not only exhibit varied degrees of therapeutic efficacy in mitigating hepatic steatosis,inflammation and fibrosis,but also improve metabolic ***more,these three hormonal agonists/analogues act in a complementary manner to exert their pharmacological effects,suggesting their combined therapies may yield synergistic therapeutic *** in-depth studies on the intricate interplay among these metabolic hormones are imperative for the development of more efficacious combination therapies,enabling precision management of MAFLD and its associated comorbidities.

关键词： metabolic hormones metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatohepatitis(MASH) liver fibrosis biopharmaceutical development clinical trials

Like a G6-nal:transcriptional control of G-protein coupled receptors during oligodendroglial development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2001-2002页

作者： tim Aberle Michael Wegner Institut für Biochemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Multilayered control of myelination:Quick,saltatory conduction of action potentials along nerve fibers requires the electrical insulation of axons by myelinating *** the central nervous system,this role is taken up by *** are marked by the expression of the lineage determinants Sox10 and Olig2 and arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)during embryonal *** the majority of OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes when nearby axonal segments require myelination,a small subpopulation of OPCs persist as a progenitor ***,the timing of myelination and maintenance of the OPC pool both need to be precisely *** transcription factors either positively or negatively affect oligodendrocyte differentiation and maintenance of the OPC pool as components of a complex gene regulatory network(reviewed in Sock and Wegner,2021).Network activity is additionally influenced by extracellular signaling molecules that bind to receptors on the oligodendroglial cell surface and activate intracellular signaling *** the receptors are linked to the network is poorly understood so far,but pivotal to understanding the overall regulation of central nervous system(CNS)myelination in response to environmental *** insights were recently gained for Gpr37(Schmidt et al.,2024),a G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR)with known relevance in differentiating oligodendrocytes(Yang et al,2016).

关键词： gained insulation conduction

The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1561-1573页

作者： Yingshuai JIN Xiaoling ZHANG Shejiang waNG Junyi GE Wei HE wa DA Yunyao TAN Ziyi YANG Christopher MORGAN Xing GAO Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Cultural Relics Conservation Institute of the Xizang Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000China Nagqu Culture and Tourism Bureau Nagqu 852000China University of Nevada Reno 89557USA

Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the *** microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the *** timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains *** this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior *** analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North *** Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS^(14)C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 *** date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the *** together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

关键词： The interior of Tibetan Plateau Nwya Devu locality 3 Microblade Early Holocene High altitude adaption

Strengthening and control of second-phase particle precipitation in ferritic/austenitic/martensitic heat-resistant alloys:a review

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 3-23页

作者： Xue-cheng Peng Han-jie Guo Xin-fang Zhang Yi-wa Luo Ye Sun Jing Guo Rong-guang Yang Xiao-dan Zheng School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China Beijing Shougang Gitane New MATERIALS Co. Ltd.Beijing102206China

Heat-resistant alloys with excellent mechanical properties are widely used in various fields,and further improvement in their properties is essential to meet the requirements in new-generation advanced supercritical boilers,nuclear reactors,superheaters,and other new materials *** effectively enhance the comprehensive performance of heat-resistant alloys,second-phase particle strengthening has been widely studied,and in the face of different service envi-ronments of advanced heat-resistant steels,the selection of suitable second-phase particles is essential to maximize the performance of these *** this end,three major types of reinforcing phases in heat-resistant alloys such as carbides,rare earth oxides,and intermetallic compounds are summarized.A comparative analysis of the precipitation behavior of the reinforcing phases with different types as well as the risks and means of controlling their use in service,is *** parameters for the application of various types of second-phase particles in heat-resistant alloys are provided to support the design and preparation of new ultrahigh-performance heat-resistant alloys.

关键词： Heat-resistant alloy Second-phase particle Carbide Rare earth oxide Intermetallic compound Strengthening

Spatiotemporal mapping of(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine areas:Implications of economic and political realities in China

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第1期3卷 91-102页

作者： Heling Li Liang Tang tim T.Werner Zhengmeng Hou Fan Meng Jingjing Li College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduChina Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems Clausthal University of TechnologyClausthal ZellerfeldGermany School of Geography Earth and Atmospheric SciencesFaculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

The spatiotemporal extension/expansion of mine areas is affected by multiple *** far,very little has been done to examine the interaction between mine areas and political or economic ***(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mines in China played a specific role in supporting national development and providing an ideal research subject for monitoring their *** this study,remote sensing and mining‐related GIS data were used to identify and analyze 1233(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine area polygons in China,which covered approximately 322.96 km2 of land and included a V–Ti–Fe mine,a copper–nickel mine,a chromite mine,an asbestos mine,and a diamond *** was found that(1)the areal expansion of mines is significantly related to the mine types,perimeter,topography,and population density.(2)The mine area variation also reflects market and policy *** temporal expansion of the mine area from 2010 to 2020 followed an S‐shaped pattern(with the turning point occurring in 2014),closely related to iron overcapacity and tightened mining policies.(3)The complexity(D)of the mine area may reflect mine design and excavation *** be specific,lower D indicates early‐stage or artisanal/small‐scale mining,whereas higher D represents large‐scale *** study demonstrates that the detailed mapping of mine land can serve as an indicator to implement miningrelated market and policy ***(ultra‐)mafic mines area data set can be accessed at https://***/record/7636616#.Y-p0uXaZOa0.

关键词： complexity mine area mining and socioeconomic interaction spatiotemporal distribution (ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine