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Simulations of a Persistent Heat Wave Event in Missouri in Summer 2012 Using a High-Resolution WRF Model

Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第4期36卷 631-642页

作者： Lili ZHU Fengpeng SUN tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC–FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Missouri–Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri 64110USA International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

An extreme and persistent heat wave event hit Missouri in summer *** operational forecast models failed to predict such an event at a long *** objective of the current study is to simulate this extreme event using a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with eight combined physical(including longwave/shortwave radiation,microphysics,and planetary boundary layer)parameterization *** for one month,the model successfully simulates the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of surface air temperature,compared to in-situ *** interesting feature is an oscillatory development of the surface air temperature,with a pronounced synoptic *** a temperature evolution is consistent with the local zonal wind fluctuation,implying the important role of anomalous temperature *** overall skill score that combines the performance of 2-m air temperature,relative humidity,and precipitation fields is *** result shows that the combination of Thompson,Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs(RRTMG),and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino level-3(MYNN3)schemes presents the best WRF simulation.A further analysis of this best simulation shows that the model successfully reproduces the urban heat island(UHI)effect in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area with realistic diurnal variation of 2-m air temperature in the urban and nonurban areas with a larger UHI effect at nighttime.

关键词： 2012 US summer heat wave Missouri model evaluation/performance parameterization

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A new method to determine the synergistic effects of area ratio and microstructure on the galvanic corrosion of LAS A508/309 L/308 L SS dissimilar metals weld

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第19期78卷 38-50页

作者： bright O.Okonkwo Hongliang Ming Jianqiu Wang En-Hou Han Ehsan Rahimi Ali Davoodi Saman Hosseinpour CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhad ***Iran Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine33100 UdineItaly John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Institute of Particle Technology(LFC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitdt-Erlangen-Numberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany

The synergistic effects of area ratio and microstructure on the galvanic corrosion of A508/309 L/308 L dissimilar metals weld(DMW)are studied by a multi-analytical *** was demonstrated that decreasing the anode/cathode surface area ratio obviously enhances the corrosion rate of A508,both locally and *** analyses of the AFM results enabled quantitative comparison of the corrosion behaviour of the different surface *** was revealed that in the galvanic interaction of the DMW,the grain refined region corrodes most,followed by the partial grain refined region and base metal matrix of the A508,*** electrochemical localization index(LI)estimation method and AFM analysis both confirmed the presence of a mixed(localized and uniform)corrosion phenomenon occurring on the surface of the A508 anode metal in the galvanic interaction of the dissimilar ***,the degree of synergism equation was utilized to describe the synergistic effects of anode/cathode area ratio and the microstructure of the samples on the galvanic corrosion of LAS A508/309 L/308 L SS DMW.

关键词： Low alloy steel Stainless steel SEM AFM Galvanic corrosion Inclusion

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Intraseasonal Variability of Summertime Surface Air Temperature over Mid-High-Latitude Eurasia and Its Prediction Skill in S2S Models

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第5期35卷 815-830页

作者： Jing CUI Shuangyan YANG tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96822USA

Features of the dominant modes of surface air temperature(SAT)on the intraseasonal timescale over the mid-highlatitude Eurasia(MHE)during boreal summer(June-September)are investigated based on the ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to *** intraseasonal variability(ISV)of SAT over MHE is primarily characterized by an eastward propagation along 60°N,which is found to impact the regional weather in China,including summertime extreme hot and cool *** forecast skill and potential predictability of the ISV of SAT over MHE are assessed for 5 dynamical models that have participated in the subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2 S)prediction project,by analyzing12 years’(1999-2010)model reforecast/hindcast *** using the principal component(PC)index of the leading intraseasonal SAT modes as a predictand,we found that the forecast skill for ISV of SAT can reach out to 11-17 days,and the ECMWF model exhibits the best *** the S2 S models tend to show 1)a relatively higher skill for strong intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)cases,2)a systematic underestimate of the amplitude of the SAT ISV signal,and 3)different skills during different phases of ISO *** of potential predictability based on the perfectmodel assumption reveals a 4-6-day skill gap for most models,and the skill gap also varies among different phases of ISO *** results imply the need for continued development of operational forecasting systems to improve the actual prediction skills for the ISV of SAT over MHE.

关键词： surface air temperature(SAT) intraseasonal variability(ISV) mid-high-latitude Eurasia(MHE) subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)prediction prediction skill predictability

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Understorey species distinguish late successional and ancient forests after decades of minimum human intervention: A case study from Slovenia

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 92-101页

作者： Mirjana Sipek tim Ravnjak Nina Sajna University of Maribor Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsKoroska c.1602000MariborSlovenia

The main species composition drivers in temperate deciduous forests are environmental conditions, a stand?s age and the site history, e.g., the succession stage and past land use, as well as disturbance regime and current management. We compared plant species diversity and composition in late successional and ancient forests, cooccurring on the same small river island applying species accumulation curves and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, respectively. Given the island?s geomorphological characteristics, we expected these to be very similar before human intervention in the past. The forests experienced differing disturbance regimes in the past, while over the last 30 years, human intervention has been the same and reduced to a minimum. The ancient forest in this study had two major characteristics defining it as old, mature forest: continuity of presence for more than 200years and specific composition. The late successional forest experienced major disturbance in the 20th century and was allowed natural regeneration by bordering on the ancient forest, representing a potential species pool,and by decades of minimum human intervention. Our results showed that, even though there was no difference in species richness, we could still detect differences between the forests, particularly in the abundance and species composition of the understorey, among which geophytes had the most indicative importance. To make our results useful on a broader scale, we composed from the literature a species list of plants indicative for ancient forest and tested its application. These results are important for distinguishing between old and mature secondary stands and particularly for identifying old forest stands, which should be conserved and, in the case of fragmented landscapes, included in a network connecting forest fragments.

关键词： Forest community Successional forest Indicator plants Plant diversity Understorey Geophytes

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Subseasonal and Synoptic Variabilities of Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin in the Summer of 2020

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第12期38卷 2108-2124页

作者： Liudan DING tim LI Ying SUN Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA National Climate Center Beijing 100081China

Summer precipitation over the Yangtze River basin(YRB)in 2020 experienced a strong subseasonal and synoptic fluctuation in addition to contributing to an exceptionally large seasonal mean *** cause of this higher-frequency fluctuation is examined based on observational *** from the continuous northward movement of the climatological mei-yu rainband,the mei-yu rainbelt in the summer of 2020 experienced multiple northward and southward *** cause of the swings was attributed to the subseasonal variability of southerly winds to the south and northeasterly winds to the north of the *** addition,synoptic-scale variability,characterized by the eastward propagation of low-level cyclonic vorticity and precipitation anomalies,was also commonplace in the summer of *** the strengthening of both the subseasonal and synoptic variabilities in the summer of 2020 was attributed to the increase of the background mean moisture,the synoptic variability was greatly affected by the subseasonal rainfall *** a result,both the synoptic-scale and subseasonal variabilities contributed to the north-south swings of the *** large-scale modulations by both the seasonal mean and subseasonal anomalies provide insight regarding the optimization of issuing accurate,extended-range forecasts of extreme weather events.

关键词： Yangtze River precipitation synoptic and subseasonal variabilities meridional swings of a rainbelt large-scale modulation of high-frequency variability

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Intestinal eosinophils:characterization of elusive granulocytes as anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory effector cells in colitis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3904-3906页

作者： tim Holland Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Gurtner and colleagues identify active eosinophils(A-Eos)as eosinophil subset with anti-bacterial and immune regulatory functions during intestinal disease.1 Due to the combination of human singe cell transcip-tomics with pre-clinical experimental studies,the authors suggest eosinophils as promising targets for clinical intervention in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Eosinophils are known to exhibit versatile functions at mucosal ***,they can sustain the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as intestinal tissue architecture,communicate with other cell subsets and regulate local immune responses.2 However,despite having been associated with a panoply of different diseases including eosinophilic esophagitis or IBD,3 their role and plasticity in gastrointestinal disorders have not been well characterized.

关键词： eosinophils clinical diseases

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Contraceptive Prevalence and Pattern among HIV Positive Women in Port Harcourt, South-South Nigeria

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2012年第3期23卷 186-192页

作者： Cosmos E.ENYINDAH bright O.ENAOHWO Department of Obstetrics And Gynaecology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Port Harcourt Department of Obstetrics And Gynaecology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Objective To evaluate the prevalence rate and pattern of contraceptive use among HIV positive women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods Anonymous self administered questionnaires were applied to HIV positive women receiving care at HIV clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between September and November 2010. Results A total of 228 questionnaires were retrieved out of 250 distributed. The grouping age 29-34 years accounted for 47.8% of the respondents, 51.3% had secondary education, 55.5% were married while 43.4% were nulliparous. The mode of acquiring HIV was unknown in 60.1% and 34.2% of their partners were HIV positive. Majority （64.0%） of the patients did not use any form of contraception before diagnosis while 42.1% used male condoms after diagnosis. Contraceptive methods used were female condom （0.4%）, oral contraceptive pills （16.2%）, abstinence （14.5%） and rhythm method （1.8%）, Only 6.1% used the dual method, which is the simultaneous use of two methods and one of which must be a condom. Contraceptive prevalence rate （CPR） was 81.1%. Conclusion Though the overall use of contraception in HIV positive women in Port Harcourt is high, the dual method use which protects against pregnancy and transmission of HIV is low. Dual method is the recommended method for HIV positive women who do not intend to get pregnant. Therefore the use of dual method should be advocated.

关键词： contraceptive HIV positive women Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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LiDAR mapping of ground damage in a heading re-orientation case study

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 67-74页

作者： Nicole Evanek Brent Slaker Anthony Iannacchione tim Miller National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA 15260USA East Fairfield Coal Company North LimaOH 44452USA

The Subtropolis Mine is a room-and-pillar mine extracting the Vanport limestone near Petersburg,Ohio,*** February of 2018,mine management began implementing a heading re-orientation to better control the negative effects of excessive levels of horizontal *** conditions in the headings improved,but as expected,stress-related damage concentrated within *** mine operator has worked to lessen the impact of the instabilities in the outby crosscuts by implementing several engineering *** the implementation of each control,conditions were monitored and analyzed using observational and measurement techniques including 3D LiDAR *** the heading re-orientation,several 3D LiDAR surveys have been conducted and analyzed by researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).This study examines(1)the characteristics of each 3D LiDAR survey,(2)the change in the detailed strata conditions in response to stress concentrations,and(3)the change detection techniques between 3D LiDAR surveys to assess entry ***,the 3D LiDAR surveys proved to be a useful tool for characterizing ground instability and assessing the effectiveness of the engineering controls used in the heading re-orientation at the Subtropolis Mine.

关键词： Ground control Limestone Horizontal stress Stress control layout Crosscut Windows

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Prime number theorems for Rankin-Selberg L-functions over number fields

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Science China Mathematics 2011年第1期54卷 35-46页

作者： GILLESPIE tim JI GuangHua Department of Mathematics The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa 52242 USA School of Mathematics Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

In this paper we define a Rankin-Selberg L-function attached to automorphic cuspidal represen-tations of GLm(AE) × GLm (AF ) over cyclic algebraic number fields E and F which are invariant under the Galois action,by ... 详细信息

关键词： Rankin-Selberg L-functions prime number theorem base change

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Day length constrains the time budget of aphid predators

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 164-170页

作者： Jens Joschinski tim Kiess Jochen Krauss Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology BiocentreUniversity of WEirzburgWEtrzburgGermany

Phenology shifts and range expansions cause organisms to experience novel day length-temperature *** on the temporal niche,organisms may benefit or suffer from changes in day length,thus potentially affecting phenological adaptation. We assessed the impact of day length changes on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer),both of which prey on *** *** are night-active,whereas those of *** appear to be *** subjected both species in climate chambers to day lengths of 16 :8 L :D and,to circumvent diapause responses,20 :4 L :*** recorded development times and predation rates of both species. *** grew 13%faster in the 16 :8 L :D treatment and preyed on significantly more *** contrast,*** grew 13% faster in the 20 :4 L :D treatment and higher predation rates in 20 :4 L :D were marginally *** results show that day length affects development and predation,but that the direction depends on species. Such differences in the use of day length may alter the efficiency ofbiocontrol agents in a changing climate.

关键词： Chiysoperla carnea climate change Episyrphus balteatus insect timing phenology photoperiod

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