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Factors controlling northward and north-eastward moving tropical cyclones near the coast of East Asia

Frontiers of Earth science 2019年第4期13卷 778-790页

作者： Qiao LIU Weican ZHOU Melinda PENG tim LI Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Colorado at Colorado University of Colorado at Colorado spring Colorado SpringCO 80918USA International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

The impacts of multi-time-scale flows on northward and north-eastward moving tropical cyclones(TCs)near the east coast of China in August and september are investigated using reanalysis data from 1982 to *** of interest are under the influence of the subtropical high-pressure system in the western North Pacific(WNP).In August when the subtropical highpressure system is strong and close to the coast line,most TCs in the region move northward,while more TCs move north-eastward in september when the subtropical highpressure system retreats to the *** investigate the influence from different time-scales,the environmental flow is divided intofour components,the synoptic flow,the intraseasonal flow,the interannual flow and the climatological background *** of steering flows between 25°N and 30°N indicates that the meridional steering vectors from all time-scales point to the north,dominated by the intraseasonal *** deciding factor on whether a TC moves to the north or north-east between 25°N and 30°N is the zonal steering *** the northward moving group,the sum of the zonal steering from all time-scales is very *** the other hand,the north-east moving group has a net eastward zonal component mainly contributed by the climatological mean *** individual cases that stood out from the majority of the group are *** those cases,the intraseasonal flow plays an important role in affecting the movement of the TCs mainly through the wave train,in which a cyclonic circulation is located to the north-west(north)and an anticyclonic circulation to the south-east(east)of *** analysis of the steering vectors indicates the importance of all components with different timescales to the movement of TCs.

关键词： northward moving TC north-eastward moving TC steering flow

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Body Building on Diamonds

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第1期6卷 14-17页

作者： Andrei P. sommer tim scharnweber Hans-Joerg Fecht Institute of Micro and Nanomaterials University of UlmUlm 89081Germany Institute for Biological Interfaces Research Center KarlsruheKarlsruhe 76021Germany Institute for Nanotechnology Research Center Karlsruhe Karlsruhe 76021Germany

Whereas conservative therapies aim to stall the advance of disease,regenerative medicine strives to reverse *** capacity of most tissues to regenerate derives from stem cells,but there are a number of barriers which have to be circumvented before it will be possible to use stem-cell-based *** therapies,however,are expected to improve human health enormously, and knowledge gained from studying stem cells in culture and in model organisms is now laying the groundwork for a new era of regenerative *** of the most prominent methods to study stem cell differentiation is to let them to form embryoid *** favourable conditions any stem cell line will form embryoid ***,the mechanism of the formation of embryoid bodies is not very well understood,and to produce them in the laboratory is in no way trivial-an important technical barrier in stem cell ***,the embryoid body cultivation step has been successfully circumvented for the derivation of osteogenic cultures of embryonic stem *** we report on a simple and reusable system to cultivate embryoid bodies in extremely short *** method is inspired by the principles that lead to the establishment of the biomimetic triangle.

关键词： biomimetic triangle stem cells embryoid bodies nanobionics nanocrystalline diamond

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原来一切都是五彩斑斓的黑

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人与自然 2024年第4期 10-37页

作者：李敏任惠云蒂姆·弗拉克(摄影) 不详

每一种都有独特的羽毛色彩,常见的颜色有蓝色、红色、绿色、黄色、灰色、黑色和色等,它们可以散发出锦缎一样的光彩,亦可变化出多种美轮美免的图案。为什么不同鸟种的羽毛会差别如此之大呢?科学家早已给出了答案,现生鸟类所具有的颜色... 详细信息

每一种都有独特的羽毛色彩,常见的颜色有蓝色、红色、绿色、黄色、灰色、黑色和色等,它们可以散发出锦缎一样的光彩,亦可变化出多种美轮美免的图案。为什么不同鸟种的羽毛会差别如此之大呢?科学家早已给出了答案,现生鸟类所具有的颜色和色彩主要取决于羽毛具有的色素体以及羽毛内部的结构。

关键词：五彩斑斓羽毛颜色色彩

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Impacts of the Diurnal Cycle of Radiation on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and structure

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2014年第6期31卷 1377-1385页

作者： GE Xuyang MA Yue ZHOU shunwu tim LI Earth system Modeling Center Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology College of Atmospheric science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822 USA

To investigate the impacts of the diurnal cycle on tropical cyclones （TCs）,a set of idealized simulations were conducted by specifying different radiation （i.e.,nighttime-only,daytime-only,full diurnal cycle）.It was found that,for an initially weak storm,it developed faster during nighttime than *** impacts of radiation were not only on TC intensification,but also on TC structure and *** nighttime storm tended to have a larger size than its daytime *** nighttime,the radiative cooling steepened the lapse rate and thus reduced the static stability in cloudy regions,enhancing *** heating associated with outer convection induced boundary layer inflows,which led to outward expansion of tangential winds and thus increased the storm size.

关键词： solar shortwave radiation tropical cyclone structure intensification diurnal cycle

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High-resolution peat records for Holocene monsoon history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

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science China Earth sciences 2006年第6期49卷 615-621页

作者： Lars G. Franzen A.J.tim Jull Department of Earth sciences Goteborg University P.O. Box 460 SE-405 30 Goteborg Sweden NsF-AMs Facility University of Arizona Arizona AZ85721 USA

The variations of summer and winter monsoons during the Holocene in theeastern Tibetan Plateau are shown to follow two basic models based on the reliable dating andhigh-resolution monsoon proxies determinations, one being a synchronous model in that both summerand winter monsoons are strengthening or decreasing, and the other to form a complementary *** two different patterns evenly interact with each other on different time scales and togethercompose a complicated monsoon climatic model in this region. The climatic condition integrated bywinter and summer monsoons is synchronous to the global pattern, which also shows the instability ofthe Holocene climate on centennial-millennial timescale. The abrupt monsoon event in about 6.2 kacat. BP is much more severe than that in ca. 8.0 ka cal. BP, which indicates the regional characterof the Asian monsoon and that the Asian monsoon climate is indeed a window on the global climatesystem.

关键词： eastern Tibetan Plateau, Holocene, winter and summer monsoons, asynchronous, peat, climate instability.

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sensitivity of the Warm Core of Tropical Cyclones to solar Radiation

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1038-1048页

作者： GE Xuyang MA Yue ZHOU shunwu tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii

To investigate the impacts of solar radiation on tropical cyclone （TC） warm-core structure （i.e., the magnitude and height）, a pair of idealized simulations are conducted by specifying different strengths of solar shortwave radiation. It is found that the TC warm core is highly sensitive to the shortwave radiative effect. For the nighttime storm, a tendency for a more intense warm core is found, with an elevated height compared to its daytime counterpart. As pointed out by previous studies, the radiative cooling during nighttime destabilizes the local and large-scale environment and thus promotes deep moist convec- tion, which enhances the TC＇s intensity. Due to the different inertial stabilities, the diabatic heating in the eyewall will force different secondary circulations. For a strong TC with a deeper vertical structure, this promotes a thin upper-level inflow layer. This inflow carries the lower stratospheric air with high potential temperature and descends adiabatically in the eye, resulting in significant upper-level warming. The sawyer-Eliassen diagnosis further confirms that the height of the maximum temperature anomaly is likely attributable to the balance among the forced secondary circulations.

关键词： tropical cyclone warm core structure solar radiation

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Temporal and spatial variations of air pollution across China from 2015 to 2018

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2022年第2期34卷 161-169页

作者： Xiaoteng Zhou Vladimir strezov Yijiao Jiang Tao Kan tim Evans ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales 2109Australia Department of Earth and Environmental sciences Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales 2109Australia school of Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales 2109Australia

This study investigated concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),sO_(2),NO_(2),CO and O_(3),and air quality index(AQI)values across 368 cities in China's Mainland during 2015–*** study further examined relationships of air pollution status with local industrial capacities and vehicle *** correlations were found between industrial capacities(coal,pig iron,crude steel and rolled steel)and air pollution *** statistical and significant reductions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),sO_(2),NO_(2),CO and AQI values were observed in response to various laws and regulations in industrial sectors,both particle and gaseous pollutants still had annual average concentrations above recommended *** order to further reduce air pollution,more efforts can be done to control traffic emissions caused by minicars and heavy trucks,which was revealed after investigating 16 vehicle *** was also consistent with the apparent air quality improvement during the COVID-19 lockdown period in China in 2020,despite industrial operations being still active at full capacities.

关键词： PM_(2.5) PM_(10) sO_(2) NO_(2) Industrial products Vehicle numbers

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Immune responses to tumor-unrelated antigens might predict adverse effects in patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第4期20卷 313-315页

作者： Bjorn Nuise tim Holland Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitatsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat(FAU)Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany.2Medical Immunology Campus ErlangenFAU Erlangen-NurnbergErlangenGermany

The advent of checkpoint inhibition targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)or its ligand(PD-L1)revolutionized cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the treatment of different ***,not all immune cell subsets that express PD-1 also target tumor *** the immune response of the germinal center reaction to seasonal influenza vaccination as a readout,Herati et *** vaccination as an analytical tool to predict adverse effects beyond anticancer responses[1]

关键词： immunotherapy al. vaccination

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Industry 4.0 technology implementation in sMEs—A survey in the Danish-German border region

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International Journal of Innovation studies 2020年第3期4卷 76-84页

作者： Fei Yu tim schweisfurth University of southern Denmark Alsion 26400SønderborgDenmark

Industry 4.0,known as the fourth technological transformation towards digital-physical systems in manufacturing,creates a disruptive impact on *** companies,especially small and medium-sized ones,are facing various challenges and must constantly innovate to remain *** way to innovate is by implementing new technologies into company *** this study,we investigate how technology,company and industry related factors are associated with the implementation of Industry 4.0 in *** collect data via a survey with a focus on Industry 4.0 in *** results indicate that knowledge and expected benefits of technology are the drivers for the implementation of Industry 4.0 *** also show that companies with high levels of process automation and high product variety are more likely to implement Industry 4.0 *** study creates a better understanding of the status,challenges and plans within Industry 4.0 implementation in sMEs,which will support the development of sME-friendly manufacturing tools and systems and craft managers’and policymakers’understanding of Industry 4.0 technologies.

关键词： Industry 4.0 sMEs Technology implementation survey

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F?(H2O)+CH3I Ligand Exchange Reaction Dynamics

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2020年第2期33卷 210-216,I0003,I0039-I0040页

作者： Bjorn Bastian tim Michaelsen Milan Oncák Jennifer Meyer Roland Wester Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universitat InnsbruckTechnikerstraβe 256020 InnsbruckAustria

single hydration of the gas phase F^-+CH3I→CH3F reaction allows to probe solvent effects on a fundamental nucleophilic substitution *** the same time,the addition of a solvent molecule opens alternative product ***,we present crossed beam imaging results on the dynamics of the F^-(H2O)+CH3I→[FCH3I]^-+H2O ligand exchange pathway at collision energies between 0.3 and 2.6 *** kinetic energies are constrained by the stability requirement of the weakly bound product *** implies substantial internal excitation of the water molecule and disfavors effcient energy redistribution in an intermediate complex,which is reflected by the suppression of low kinetic energies as collision energy *** 0.3 eV,internal nucleophilic displacement is important and is discussed in light of the competing nucleophilic substitution pathways that form I^- and I^-(H2O).

关键词： Reaction dynamics Ligand exchange Microsolvation Crossed beams Velocity map imaging

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