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Understorey species distinguish late successional and ancient forests after decades of minimum human intervention: A case study from Slovenia

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 92-101页

作者： Mirjana Sipek tim Ravnjak Nina Sajna University of Maribor Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsKoroska c.1602000MariborSlovenia

The main species composition drivers in temperate deciduous forests are environmental conditions, a stand?s age and the site history, e.g., the succession stage and past land use, as well as disturbance regime and current management. we compared plant species diversity and composition in late successional and ancient forests, cooccurring on the same small river island applying species accumulation curves and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, respectively. Given the island?s geomorphological characteristics, we expected these to be very similar before human intervention in the past. The forests experienced differing disturbance regimes in the past, while over the last 30 years, human intervention has been the same and reduced to a minimum. The ancient forest in this study had two major characteristics defining it as old, mature forest: continuity of presence for more than 200years and specific composition. The late successional forest experienced major disturbance in the 20th century and was allowed natural regeneration by bordering on the ancient forest, representing a potential species pool,and by decades of minimum human intervention. Our results showed that, even though there was no difference in species richness, we could still detect differences between the forests, particularly in the abundance and species composition of the understorey, among which geophytes had the most indicative importance. To make our results useful on a broader scale, we composed from the literature a species list of plants indicative for ancient forest and tested its application. These results are important for distinguishing between old and mature secondary stands and particularly for identifying old forest stands, which should be conserved and, in the case of fragmented landscapes, included in a network connecting forest fragments.

关键词： Forest community Successional forest Indicator plants Plant diversity Understorey Geophytes

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Subseasonal and Synoptic Variabilities of Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin in the Summer of 2020

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第12期38卷 2108-2124页

作者： Liudan DING tim LI Ying SUN Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA National Climate Center Beijing 100081China

Summer precipitation over the Yangtze River basin(YRB)in 2020 experienced a strong subseasonal and synoptic fluctuation in addition to contributing to an exceptionally large seasonal mean *** cause of this higher-frequency fluctuation is examined based on observational *** from the continuous northward movement of the climatological mei-yu rainband,the mei-yu rainbelt in the summer of 2020 experienced multiple northward and southward *** cause of the swings was attributed to the subseasonal variability of southerly winds to the south and northeasterly winds to the north of the *** addition,synoptic-scale variability,characterized by the eastward propagation of low-level cyclonic vorticity and precipitation anomalies,was also commonplace in the summer of *** the strengthening of both the subseasonal and synoptic variabilities in the summer of 2020 was attributed to the increase of the background mean moisture,the synoptic variability was greatly affected by the subseasonal rainfall *** a result,both the synoptic-scale and subseasonal variabilities contributed to the north-south swings of the *** large-scale modulations by both the seasonal mean and subseasonal anomalies provide insight regarding the optimization of issuing accurate,extended-range forecasts of extreme weather events.

关键词： Yangtze River precipitation synoptic and subseasonal variabilities meridional swings of a rainbelt large-scale modulation of high-frequency variability

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Intestinal eosinophils:characterization of elusive granulocytes as anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory effector cells in colitis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3904-3906页

作者： tim Holland Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Gurtner and colleagues identify active eosinophils(A-Eos)as eosinophil subset with anti-bacterial and immune regulatory functions during intestinal disease.1 Due to the combination of human singe cell transcip-tomics with pre-clinical experimental studies,the authors suggest eosinophils as promising targets for clinical intervention in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Eosinophils are known to exhibit versatile functions at mucosal ***,they can sustain the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as intestinal tissue architecture,communicate with other cell subsets and regulate local immune responses.2 However,despite having been associated with a panoply of different diseases including eosinophilic esophagitis or IBD,3 their role and plasticity in gastrointestinal disorders have not been well characterized.

关键词： eosinophils clinical diseases

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LiDAR mapping of ground damage in a heading re-orientation case study

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 67-74页

作者： Nicole Evanek Brent Slaker Anthony Iannacchione tim Miller National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA 15260USA East Fairfield Coal Company North LimaOH 44452USA

The Subtropolis Mine is a room-and-pillar mine extracting the Vanport limestone near Petersburg,Ohio,*** February of 2018,mine management began implementing a heading re-orientation to better control the negative effects of excessive levels of horizontal *** conditions in the headings improved,but as expected,stress-related damage concentrated within *** mine operator has worked to lessen the impact of the instabilities in the outby crosscuts by implementing several engineering *** the implementation of each control,conditions were monitored and analyzed using observational and measurement techniques including 3D LiDAR *** the heading re-orientation,several 3D LiDAR surveys have been conducted and analyzed by researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).This study examines(1)the characteristics of each 3D LiDAR survey,(2)the change in the detailed strata conditions in response to stress concentrations,and(3)the change detection techniques between 3D LiDAR surveys to assess entry ***,the 3D LiDAR surveys proved to be a useful tool for characterizing ground instability and assessing the effectiveness of the engineering controls used in the heading re-orientation at the Subtropolis Mine.

关键词： Ground control Limestone Horizontal stress Stress control layout Crosscut windows

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Prime number theorems for Rankin-Selberg L-functions over number fields

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Science China Mathematics 2011年第1期54卷 35-46页

作者： GILLESPIE tim JI GuangHua Department of Mathematics The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa 52242 USA School of Mathematics Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

In this paper we define a Rankin-Selberg L-function attached to automorphic cuspidal represen-tations of GLm(AE) × GLm (AF ) over cyclic algebraic number fields E and F which are invariant under the Galois action,by ... 详细信息

关键词： Rankin-Selberg L-functions prime number theorem base change

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Machine-learned multi-system surrogate models for materials prediction

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 702-707页

作者： Chandramouli Nyshadham Matthias Rupp Brayden Bekker Alexander V.Shapeev tim Mueller Conrad w.Rosenbrock Gábor Csányi David w.wingate Gus L.w.Hart Department of Physics and Astronomy Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–614195 BerlinGermany Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation CenterBuilding 3Moscow 143026Russia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Engineering Laboratory University of CambridgeTrumpington StreetCambridge CB21PZUK Computer Science Department Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Citrine Informatics 702 Marshall StreetRedwood CityCA 94063USA

Surrogate machine-learning models are transforming computational materials science by predicting properties of materials with the accuracy of ab initio methods at a fraction of the computational *** demonstrate surrogate models that simultaneously interpolate energies of different materials on a dataset of 10 binary alloys(AgCu,AlFe,AlMg,AlNi,AlTi,CoNi,CuFe,CuNi,FeV,and NbNi)with 10 different species and all possible fcc,bcc,and hcp structures up to eight atoms in the unit cell,15,950 structures in *** find that the deviation of prediction errors when increasing the number of simultaneously modeled alloys iswere found to qualitatively agree on the prediction errors of formation enthalpy with relative errors of<2.5% for all systems.

关键词： alloys prediction CoNi

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Day length constrains the time budget of aphid predators

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 164-170页

作者： Jens Joschinski tim Kiess Jochen Krauss Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology BiocentreUniversity of WEirzburgWEtrzburgGermany

Phenology shifts and range expansions cause organisms to experience novel day length-temperature *** on the temporal niche,organisms may benefit or suffer from changes in day length,thus potentially affecting phenological adaptation. we assessed the impact of day length changes on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer),both of which prey on *** *** are night-active,whereas those of *** appear to be *** subjected both species in climate chambers to day lengths of 16 :8 L :D and,to circumvent diapause responses,20 :4 L :*** recorded development times and predation rates of both species. *** grew 13%faster in the 16 :8 L :D treatment and preyed on significantly more *** contrast,*** grew 13% faster in the 20 :4 L :D treatment and higher predation rates in 20 :4 L :D were marginally *** results show that day length affects development and predation,but that the direction depends on species. Such differences in the use of day length may alter the efficiency ofbiocontrol agents in a changing climate.

关键词： Chiysoperla carnea climate change Episyrphus balteatus insect timing phenology photoperiod

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Impact of 10-60-Day Low-Frequency Steering Flows on Straight Northward-Moving Typhoon Tracks over the western North Pacific

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第3期32卷 394-409页

作者： Qiao LIU tim LI weican ZHOU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawaii

This study investigates the impact of low-frequency(intraseasonal and interannual) steering flows on straight northward-moving(defined as a meridional displacement two times greater than the zonal displacement) typhoons over the western North Pacific using observational data. The year-to-year change in the northward-moving tracks is affected by the interannual change in the location and intensity of the subtropical high. A strengthened northward steering flow east of 120°E and a weakened easterly steering flow south of the subtropical high favor more frequent straight northward tracks. Examining each of the individual northward-moving typhoons shows that they interact with three types of intraseasonal(10-60-day) background flows during their northward journey. The first type is the monsoon gyre pattern, in which the northward-moving typhoon is embedded in a closed cyclonic monsoon gyre circulation. The second type is the wave train pattern, where a cyclonic(anticyclonic) vorticity circulation is located to the west(east) of the northward-moving typhoon center. The third type is the mid-latitude trough pattern, in which the northward-moving typhoon center is located in the maximum vorticity region of the trough.

关键词： intraseasonal steering flow interannual steering flow straight northward-moving typhoon

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Three-type MJO Initiation processes over the western Equatorial Indian Ocean

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第9期32卷 1208-1216页

作者： MEI Shuangli tim LI CHEN wen Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences International Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change and Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology International Pacific Research Center Department of MeteorologySchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa

Thirty strong Madden–Julian Oscillation（MJO） events in boreal winter 1982–2001 are selected to investigate the triggering processes of MJO convection over the western equatorial Indian Ocean（IO）.These MJO events are classified into three types,according to their dynamic and thermodynamic precursor signals in *** Type I,a remarkable increase in low-level moisture occurs,on average,7 days prior to the convection *** low-level moistening is mainly due to the advection of the background mean moisture by easterly wind anomalies over the equatorial *** Type II,lower-tropospheric ascending motion anomalies develop,on average,4 days prior to the *** cause of this ascending motion anomaly is attributed to the anomalous warm advection,set up by a suppressed MJO phase in the equatorial *** Type III,there are no clear dynamic and thermodynamic precursor signals in *** convection might be triggered by energy accumulation in the upper layer associated with Rossby wave activity fluxes originated from the midlatitudes.

关键词： MJO Indian Ocean dynamic precursor signal thermodynamic precursor signal

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Designing Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers: Principles and Applications

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2006年

作者： wilmshurst, tim

ISBN: (数字)9780080468143

ISBN: (纸本)9780750667555

Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers: Principles and Applications is a hands-on introduction to the principles and practice of embedded system design using the PIC microcontroller. Packed with helpful examples and illustrations, the book provides an in-depth treatment of microcontroller design as well as programming in both assembly language and C, along with advanced topics such as techniques of connectivity and networking and real-time operating systems. In this one book students get all they need to know to be highly proficient at embedded systems design. This text combines embedded systems principles with applications, using the16F84A, 16F873A and the 18F242 PIC microcontrollers. Students learn how to apply the principles using a multitude of sample designs and design ideas, including a robot in the form of an autonomous guide vehicle. Coverage between software and hardware is fully balanced, with full presentation given to microcontroller design and software programming, using both assembler and C. The book is accompanied by a companion website containing copies of all programs and software tools used in the text and a tudent version of the C compiler. This textbook will be ideal for introductory courses and lab-based courses on embedded systems, microprocessors using the PIC microcontroller, as well as more advanced courses which use the 18F series and teach C programming in an embedded environment. Engineers in industry and informed hobbyists will also find this book a valuable resource when designing and implementing both simple and sophisticated embedded systems using the PIC microcontroller.*Gain the knowledge and skills required for developing today's embedded systems, through use of the PIC microcontroller.*Explore in detail the 16F84A, 16F873A and 18F242 microcontrollers as examples of the wider PIC family.*Learn how to program in Assembler and C.*work through sample designs and design ideas, including a robot in the form of an autonomous guided

关键词： Computers amp the Internet Computer Engineering

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