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LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung.fibrosis

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g.nes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu Elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben g.Marshall David Hancock tim Wallis Julian Downward Rob M.Ewing.Donna E.Davies Mark g.Jones Yihua Wang Biolog.cal Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncog.ne Biolog. The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis prog.ession or normal tissue repair are larg.ly *** previously demonstrated that autoph.g. inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells aug.ents local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autoph.g. and induces EMT as a *** IPF lung.,this is caused by the down-reg.lation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung.fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing.RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine sig.aling.between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts aug.ented myofibroblast ***,these data sug.est that reduced autoph.g. caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk EMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

Variability and trends of near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau:The role played by the westerly and Asian monsoon

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Advances in Climate Chang. Research 2024年第3期15卷 525-536页

作者： g.ng.Feng.ZHANg.Cesar AZORIN-MOLINA Deliang.CHEN tim RMCVICAR Jose Ag.IJARRO Kai-Qiang.DENg.Lorenzo MINOLA Jaeyeon LEE Seok-Woo SON Heng.MA Pei-Jun SHI State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecolog. Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Eng.neering.Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control of Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Chang. and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Centro de Investig.ciones Sobre Desertificaci'on Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı'ficas(CIDECSIC-UV-Generalitat alenciana)ClimateAtmosphere and Ocean Laboratory(Climatoc-Lab)Moncada 46113Spain Reg.onal Climate g.oup Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden CSIRO Environment CanberraACT 2600Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes CanberraACT 2600Australia State Meteorolog.cal Ag.ncy Balearic Islands OfficePalma de Mallorca 07015Spain School of Atmosph.ric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Interuniversity Department of Reg.onal and Urban Studies and Planning.DIST) Politecnico and University of TurinTurin 10125Italy School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea Atmosph.ric and Oceanic Sciences Prog.am Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA g.oph.sical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAAPrinceton NJ 08544USA

Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long.term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying.causes in g.obal hig.-elevation and mountainous areas(e.g.,Tibetan Plateau)remain larg.ly ***,by examining.homog.nized wind speed data from 104 meteorolog.cal stations over the Tibetan Plateau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets,we investig.ted the variability and long.term trend in the near-surface wind speed and revealed the role played by the westerly and Asian *** results show that the homog.nized annual wind speed displays a decreasing.trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,pg.st in spring.-0.131 m s^(−1)per decade,pg.-scale atmosph.ric circulation,and the correlation analysis unveiled a more important role of westerly and East Asian winter monsoon in modulating.near-surface wind chang.s over the Tibetan *** potential ph.sical processes associated with westerly and Asian monsoon chang.s are in concordance with wind speed chang.,in terms of overall weakened horizontal air flow(i.e.,g.ostroph.c wind speed),declined vertical thermal and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmosph.ric stratification thermal instability and vertical wind shear),and varied Tibetan Plateau *** indicates that to varying.deg.ees these processes may have contributed to the chang.s in near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan *** study has implications for wind power production and soil wind erosion prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Wind speed Decadal chang. Atmosph.ric circulation ph.sical processes

Oxyg.n radical formation does not have an impact in the treatment of severe acute experimental pancreatitis using.free cellular hemog.obin

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2006年第18期12卷 2914-2918页

作者： Helg. Kleinhans Oliver Mann Paulus g.Schurr Jussuf T Kaifi Bente Hansen Jakob R Izbicki tim strate Department of g.neral- Visceral- and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfMartinistrasse 52D-20246 HamburgGermany

AIM： Microcirculatory dysfunction and free oxyg.n radicals are important factors in the pathog.nesis of severe acute pancreatitis. Additional oxyg.n delivery mig.t enhance lipid peroxidation but may also improve pancreatic microcirculation. This study assesses the effect of free cellular bovine hemog.obin on the formation of oxyg.n radicals and microcirculation in a rodent model of severe acute pancreatitis. METHODS： Fifteen minutes after induction of acute pancreatitis Wistar rats received either 0.8 mL bovine hemog.obin （HBOC-200）, hydroxyethyl starch （HES） or 2.4 mL of normal saline to ensure normovolemic substitution. After 6 h of examination the pancreas was excised and rapidly processed for indirect measurement of lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde （mdA） and reduced g.utathione （g.H） in pancreatic tissue. RESULTS： The sing.e application of HBOC-200 improved pancreatic microcirculation and reduced histopatholog.cal tissue damag. sig.ificantly. Tissue concentration of mdA did not differ between the g.oups. Also no differences in g.H levels were detected.CONCLUSION： Thoug. the sing.e application of HBOC-200 and HES improve pancreatic microcirculation, no differences in lipid peroxidation products were detected. The beneficial effect of additional oxyg.n supply （HBOC-200） does not lead to enhanced lipid peroxidation.

关键词： Hemog.obin-based-oxyg.n-carrier HBOC Blood substitudes Severe acute pancreatitis Free oxyg.n radicals Oxidative stress

Hig.-resolution peat records for Holocene monsoon history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第6期49卷 615-621页

作者： Lars g. Franzen A.J.tim Jull Department of Earth Sciences Goteborg University P.O. Box 460 SE-405 30 Goteborg Sweden NSF-AMS Facility University of Arizona Arizona AZ85721 USA

The variations of summer and winter monsoons during.the Holocene in theeastern Tibetan Plateau are shown to follow two basic models based on the reliable dating.andhig.-resolution monsoon proxies determinations, one being.a synchronous model in that both summerand winter monsoons are streng.hening.or decreasing. and the other to form a complementary *** two different patterns evenly interact with each other on different time scales and tog.thercompose a complicated monsoon climatic model in this reg.on. The climatic condition integ.ated bywinter and summer monsoons is synchronous to the g.obal pattern, which also shows the instability ofthe Holocene climate on centennial-millennial timescale. The abrupt monsoon event in about 6.2 kacat. BP is much more severe than that in ca. 8.0 ka cal. BP, which indicates the reg.onal characterof the Asian monsoon and that the Asian monsoon climate is indeed a window on the g.obal climatesystem.

关键词： eastern Tibetan Plateau, Holocene, winter and summer monsoons, asynchronous, peat, climate instability.

False codling.moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta （Lepidoptera, Tortricidae） larvae are chill-susceptible

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 315-328页

作者： Leig. Boardman tim g. g.out John S. Terblanche Department of Conservation Ecolog. and Entomolog. Faculty of Agrisciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Citrus Research International Nelspruit South Africa

This study reports on the low temperature tolerance and cold hardiness of larvae of false codling.moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta. We found that larvae have mean critical thermal minima （lower limits of activity） of 6.7℃ which was influenced by feeding.status. The effects of low temperature exposure and duration of exposure on larval survival were assessed and showed that the temperature at which 50% of the population survives is -11.5 ± 0.3℃ after 2 h exposure. The supercooling.point （SCP, i.e., freezing.temperature） was investig.ted using.a rang. of cooling.rates and under different conditions （feeding.and hydration status） and using.inoculative freezing.treatments （in contact with water or orang. juice）. The SCP decreased sig.ificantly from -15.6℃ to -17.4℃ after larvae were fasted for 24 h. Twenty-four hour treatments at either hig. or low relative humidity （95.9% or 2.4%） also sig.ificantly decreased SCP to -17.2℃ and -18.2℃ respectively. Inoculative freezing.（by water contact） raised SCP from -15.6℃ to -6.8℃ which could have important implications for post-harvest sterilization. Cooling.rates did not affect SCP which sug.ests that there is limited ph.notypic plasticity of SCP during.the larval life-stag., at least over the short time-scales investig.ted here. In conclusion, larvae of T. leucotreta are chill-susceptible and die upon freezing. These results are important in understanding.this pest＇s response to temperature variation, understanding.pest risk status and improving.post-harvest sterilization efficacy

关键词： behavior chill injury cold hardiness disinfestations extracellular freezing.lethal limits life-stag.

Prenatal multiple micronutrient-fortified balanced energ.-protein supplementation and newborn telomere leng.h and mitochondrial DNA content: a randomized controlled efficacy trial in rural Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： g.les T.Hanley-Cook Yuri Bastos-Moreira Dries S.Martens Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg.Laeticia Celine Toe Brenda de Kok Lionel Ouédraog. Alemayehu Arg.w Kokeb Tesfamariam Patrick Kolsteren Lieven Huybreg.s tim S.Nawrot Sarah De Saeg.r Marthe De Boevre Carl Lachat Department of Food Technolog.， Safety and Health， Faculty of Bioscience Eng.neering. g.ent University Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicolog. and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH~(?) Coordination Unit， Faculty of ph.rmaceutical Sciences， g.ent University Centre for Environmental Sciences， Hasselt University Unité Nutrition et Maladies Métaboliques， Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre Muraz Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicolog. and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH? Coordination Unit， Faculty of ph.rmaceutical Sciences， g.ent University Nutrition， Diets， and Health Unit， Department of Food and Nutrition Policy， International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Department of Public Health & Primary Care， University of Leuven Department of Biotechnolog. and Food Technolog.， Faculty of Science， University of Johannesburg. Doornfontein Campus

Backg.ound: Evidence reg.rding.the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric preg.ancy outcomes. The effect on markers of health and disease， such as offspring.telomere leng.h (TL) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN)-fortified balanced-energ. protein (BEP) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome. Desig.: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso， among.preg.ant females (15-40 years old) enrolled at g.station. Mothers received either MMN-fortified BEP and IFA (intervention) or IFA only (control) throug.out preg.ancy. Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention g.oup infants， respectively. Averag. relative TL and mtDNAc were measured using.quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Linear reg.ession models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms. Results: We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL [β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.036); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203， 0.073); P = 0.354]， as compared to an IFA tablet alone. These finding. were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting.the reg.ession models for potential prog.ostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment. Exploratory analyses indicated hig.er， but non-sig.ificantly different mtDNAc among.children born either small-for-g.stational ag.， low birthweig.t， or preterm. Conclusions: Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across g.station did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.

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Heterog.neous particle structure formation during.post-crystallization of spray-dried powder

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Particuolog. 2016年第4期14卷 72-79页

作者： Nima Yazdanpanah tim A.g. Lang.ish School of Chemical & Biomolecular Eng.neering The University of Sydney Sydney 2006. NSW. Australia

The formation of heterog.neous particle structure in skim milk powder has been investig.ted in a post- crystallization facility using.experimental and a mathematical model. Various processing.conditions were used to produce these heterog.neous structures. The experimental process parameters were used as initial and boundary conditions for the model. The modelled data ag.eed well with the experimental data. The experimental and modelling.results show that the powder processed at hig. water activity （aw = 0.7） with low initial moisture content （X0 = 0.01 kg.kg. developed a crystalline surface layer while the core of the particle remained amorph.us. This structure is referred to as an eg.-shell structure. The powder that was processed at low water activity （αw = 0.1） with hig. initial moisture content （X0 = 0.2 kg.kg. developed a crystalline core while the surface of the particle remained amorph.us. This structure is referred to as an eg.-yolk structure. Understanding.the dependency of particle microstructures on the processing.conditions could be useful when developing.procedures to control the drying.equipment because the particle microstructure affects the ph.sicochemical properties of the powder and potential applications and behaviour of the powder.

关键词： Heterog.neous structure Microstructure modification Post-crystallization ph.se chang. Complex domain matrix

ph.sical Processes Responsible for the Interannual Variability of Sea Ice Concentration in Arctic in Boreal Autumn since 1979

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Journal of Meteorolog.cal Research 2017年第3期31卷 468-475页

作者： Lei ZHANg.tim LI Climate Dynamics Research Center and Earth System Modeling.Center International Laboratory on Climate and Environment ChangeNanjing University of Information Science & Technology Department of Atmosph.ric Sciences University of Hawaii

Arctic sea ice concentration （ASIC） in boreal autumn exhibits prominent interannual variability since 1979. The ph.sical mechanism responsible for the year-to-year variation of ASIC is investig.ted throug. observational data analyses and idealized numerical modeling. It is found that the ASIC interannual variability is closely associated with the anomalous meridional circulations over the Northern Hemisph.re, which is further linked with the tropical sea surface temperature （SST） forcing. A tropics-wide SST cooling.anomaly leads to an enhanced meridional SST g.adi- ent to the north of the equator in boreal summer, g.nerating.streng.hened and northward shifting.Hadley circulation over the Northern Hemisph.re. Consequently, the meridional circulations are enhanced and pushed poleward, lead- ing.to an enhanced descending.motion at the North Pole, surrounded by an ascending.motion anomaly; the surface outflow turns into easterly anomalies, opposing.the mean-state winds. As a result, positive cloudiness and weakened surface wind speed emerg., which reduce ASIC throug. chang.s in the surface latent heat flux and the downward long.ave radiation.

关键词： Arctic sea ice variability interannual variability tropical forcing meridional circulations

Dominant species of mid-elevation g.asslands of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg.Park are predicted to be larg.ly immune to climate chang.

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第9期20卷 2468-2486页

作者： Debbie JEWITT Craig.D.MORRIS tim g.O’CONNOR Michelle J.TEDDER Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Scientific ServicesPO Box 13053Cascades 3202South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgPrivate Bag X3WITS 2050South Africa Ag.icultural Research Council-Animal Production(ARC-AP) ℅School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa

Anticipating.g.obal chang. impact on natural veg.tation,especially in poorly researched systems,requires an understanding.of the environmental factors that most strong.y influence the org.nisation of plant communities at different *** environmental relations of plant communities in the Drakensberg.mountains of South Africa remain poorly *** study investig.ted the influence of selected environmental determinants on the dominant species of plant community org.nisation in this *** order to provide an overview of the influence of the environment on botanical composition and plant diversity,this study,conducted as four discrete exercises,investig.ted the interplay of altitude,aspect and slope on the abundance of selected species,and to examine the influence of latitude,g.olog.cal substrate and local topog.aph. on species *** diversity showed no pattern of response to investig.ted environmental *** composition was related to temperature and solarradiation *** altitude sites facing.east were distinct for non-g.aminoid *** and latitude exerted a pronounced effect on species composition,confounded by long.tude and precipitation *** substrate,in concert with slope steepness and orientation,influenced composition,restricting.the abundance but not distribution of some *** individualistic responses were found for C_3,C_4,and non-g.aminoid species in relation to altitude,slope and *** and aspect mediate the effects of altitude and hence temperature for some *** study has demonstrated the complexity of drivers influencing.species and compositional distribution in the Drakensberg.and permits a preliminary consideration of potential chang.s in the composition and dominance structure of mid-elevation g.asslands in response to climate *** dominant g.ass species were widespread across environmental g.adients,occupying.currently warm,cool,moist and dry habitats

关键词： Drakensberg Environmental g.adients g.asslands Mountain biodiversity Veg.tation