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Converg.nce in leaf phenolog. traits of two understorey ferns in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula

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Journal of Plant Ecolog. 2018年第1期11卷 92-102页

作者： Luis g.Quintanilla Beatriz Pías Department of Biolog. and g.olog. Physics and Inorganic ChemistrySchool of Environmental Sciences and TechnologyRey Juan Carlos Universityc/Tulipán s/n28933 MóstolesMóstolesSpain Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of BiologyComplutense of Madrid UniversityMadridSpain

Aims Plants control leaf phenolog. to maximize annual photosynthetic *** ferns play an important ecolog.cal role in many habitats,especially forests,their phenolog. traits have been poorly ***,we investig.te the leaf phenolog. of two ferns of the forest understorey and analyse the relationship between the timing.of leaf emerg.nce and spore dispersal and the effect of between-year climatic *** We compared the leafing.and sporing.phenolog.es of two ferns with very larg.(>2 m),overwintering.leaves:Culcita macrocarpa and Woodwardia *** reg.larly monitored individuals of six popu-lations in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula during.a 3-year *** studied eig.t phenolog. variables:leafing.start date,leafing.end date,leaf expansion time,number of new leaves per individual,between-individual synchrony,within-individual synchrony,percentag. of fertile leaves and spore release *** also determined leaf mass per area(LMA)and g.thered data on air temperature and *** finding. Both *** and *** produce few leaves(~2 leaves individual−1 year−1),which expand simultaneously for a very long.period(from midwinter to early summer),are retained for more than 1 year(37 and 19 months,respectively)and have relatively hig. *** traits,tog.ther with larg. leaf size,have also been found in seed plants from the forest understorey and represent adap-tations to this lig.t-limited *** of both study ferns are simultaneously released in late winter,with little between-year variation caused by differences in air *** remarkable similarity between species sug.ests that the converg.nce in tim-ing.of leaf emerg.nce favours the converg.nce in timing.of spore dispersal.

关键词： Culcita macrocarpa leaf phenolog. spore dispersal temperate forest Woodwardia radicans

Investig.tion of Thermal Characterization of a Thermally Enhanced FC-PBg. Assembly

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Journal of Electronics Cooling.and Thermal Control 2013年第3期3卷 85-93页

作者： C. F. Lin g. H. Wu S. H. Ju Department of Civil Eng.neering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Mechanical Eng.neering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan

In this paper, three-dimensional finite element analysis using.the commercial ANSYS software is performed to study the thermal performance of a thermally enhanced FC-PBg. (flip-chip plastic ball g.id array) assembly in both natural and forced convection environments. The thermally enhanced FC-PBg. assembly is a basic FC-PBg. assembly with a lid attached on top, after which an extruded-fin heatsink is attached on the top of the lid. The finite element model is complete enoug. to include key elements such as bumps, solder balls, substrate, printed circuit board, extruded-fin heatsink, lid, vias, tim1 (thermal interface material 1), tim2 (thermal interface material 2), lid-substrate adhesive and g.ound planes for both sig.al and power. Temperature fields are simulated and presented for several packag. config.rations. Thermal resistance is calculated to characterize and compare the thermal performance by considering.alternative desig. parameters of the polymer-based materials and the thermal enhancement components. The polymer-based materials include underfill, tim1, tim2, lid-substrate adhesive and substrate core material. The specific thermal enhancement components are the extruded-fin heatsink and the lid.

关键词： Polymer-Based Materials Flip-Chip Packag.ng Finite Element Methods

strateg.es to rescue steatotic livers before transplantation in clinical and experimental studies

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2013年第29期19卷 4638-4650页

作者： Qiang.Liu Maria-Louisa Izamis Hong.hi Xu tim Berendsen Martin Yarmush Korkut Uyg.n Center for Eng.neering.in Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School and Shriners Burns Hospital Center for Eng.neering.in Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School and Shriners Burns Hospital Boston MA 02114 United States Department of Biomedical Eng.neering Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 United States

The shortag. of donor livers has led to an increased use of org.ns from expanded criteria donors. Included are livers with steatosis, a metabolic abnormality that increases the likelihood of g.aft complications posttransplantation. After a brief introduction on the etiolog., pathophysiolog., categ.ries and experimental models of hepatic steatosis, we herein review the methods to rescue steatotic donor livers before transplantation applied in clinical and experimental studies. The methods span the spectrum of encourag.ng.donor weig.t loss, employing.drug.therapy, heat shock preconditioning. ischemia preconditioning.and selective anesthesia on donors, and the treatment on isolated g.afts during.preservation. These methods work at different stag.s of transplantation process, althoug. share similar molecular mechanisms including.lipid metabolism stimulation throug. enzymes or nuclear receptor e.g. , peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor, or anti-inflammation throug. suppressing.cytokines e.g. , tumor necrosis factor-α, or antioxidant therapies to alleviate oxidative stress. This similarity of molecular mechanisms implies possible future attempts to reinforce each approach by repeating.the same treatment approach at several stag.s of procurement and preservation, as well as utilizing.these alternative approaches in tandem.

关键词： Liver transplantation Steatosis Donor liver Clinical Experimental

The WNT1^(g.77C) mutation specifically affects skeletal integ.ity in a mouse model of osteog.nesis imperfecta type XV

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 593-605页

作者： Nele Vollersen Wenbo Zhao tim Rolvien Fabiola Lang. Felix Nikolai Schmidt Stephan Sonntag.Doron Shmerling.Simon von Krog. Kilian Elia Stockhausen Ahmed Sharaf Michaela Schweizer Meliha Karsak Bjorn Busse Ernesto Bockamp Oliver Semler Michael Amling.Ralf Oheim Thorsten Schinke timur Alexander Yorg.n Department of Osteolog. and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Polyg.ne Ag 8153 RumlangSwitzerland ETH Phenomics Center(EPIC) ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Neuronal and Cellular Sig.al Transduction Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg(ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Center for Molecular Neurobiolog. Hamburg.ZMNH) University Medical CenterHamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute for Translational Immunolog. and Research Center for Immunotherapy University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg UniversityD 55131 MainzGermany Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Colog.e Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cologne50937 CologneGermany

The recent identification of homozyg.us WNT1 mutations in individuals with osteog.nesis imperfecta type XV(OI-XV)has sug.ested that WNT1 is a key lig.nd promoting.the differentiation and function of bone-forming.*** such aninfluence was supported by subsequent studies,a mouse model of OI-XV remained to be ***,we introduced a previously identified disease-causing.mutation(g.77C)into the murine Wnt1 *** Wnt1^(g.77C/g.77C)mice were viable and did not display defects in brain development,but the majority of 24-week-old Wnt1^(g.77C/g.77C)mice had skeletal *** increased bone frag.lity was not fully explained by reduced bone mass but also by impaired bone matrix ***,the homozyg.us presence of the g.77C mutation did not interfere with the osteoanabolic influence of either parathyroid hormone injection or activating.mutation of LRP5,the latter mimicking.the effect of sclerostin ***,transcriptomic analyses revealed that short-term administration of WNT1 to osteog.nic cells induced not only the expression of canonical WNT sig.aling.targ.ts but also the expression of g.nes encoding.extracellular matrix *** tog.ther,our data demonstrate that reg.lating.bone matrix quality is a primary function of *** further sug.est that individuals with WNT1 mutations should profit from existing.osteoanabolic therapies.

关键词： WNT1 skeletal impaired

Evaluating.Training.Prog.ams for Electroacupuncture Techniques with Skin Temperature as a New Index

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Health 2017年第11期9卷 1589-1596页

作者： Tomoko Kubota Hidetoshi Mori Tateyuki Morisawa Kazuyo Hanyu Hiroshi Kug. Mayumi Watanabe tim Hideaki Tanaka Division of Health Sciences Graduate School of Technology and Science Tsukuba University of Technology Tsukuba Japan Department of Health Faculty of Health Sciences Tsukuba University of Technology Tsukuba Japan g.aduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Department of Anesthesiolog. Pain Clinic Osaka Medical College Hospital Osaka Japan Department of Science and Eng.neering Chuo University Tokyo Japan

Training.in acupuncture techniques has a long.history of thousands of years. It has been individually handed down from person (teacher) to person (student). However, techniques and training.have not been scientifically evaluated because individual differences may exist among.evaluators. In animal studies, some researchers have reported that acupuncture stimulation dilates blood vessels of the skin and skeletal muscles. These studies also reveal an association between skin temperature (ST) and blood circulation volume on the skin. Our previous studies have reported that acupuncture stimulation, especially that of electroacupuncture (EA), can elevate ST. Therefore, we monitored the instructive effects and level of EA techniques with ST and propose that we can bring.monitoring.ST into training.education of EA as a new index of technical assessment. Moreover, ratio of chang.s mig.t be used as new criteria for retraining. Healthy students (n = 14) were g.ven with 10 minutes of EA stimulation on the tibialis anterior: Zusanli (ST36) and Tiaokou (ST38). Their ST was monitored before and during.stimulation as well as for 30 minutes after stimulation. All subjects showed a nominal increase in ST. At the time, ratios of chang.s were also calculated. Two subjects did not reach the averag. of 1.3%. This sug.ests that the technical level of the therapist was inadequate. Thus, observation of ST elevation and calculation of the averag. ratio of ST chang. (elevation) could be applied to a new scientific index of technical assessment in acupuncture treatment training. However, further research (e.g., larg.r-scale studies, adjustment for g.nder differences, or other ag. subjects) is required to support these finding..

关键词： Electric Acupuncture (EA) Skin Temperature (ST) Training.Education Evaluation

Vossloh公司扩大g.系列机车产品范围

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国外内燃机车 2013年第4期 34-35页

作者： tim Hildebrandt 张静

随着g.系列三轴机车产品种类的扩展,用户可选择最适合其特殊需要的机车,由于机车采用模块化设计,翻新和改造费用少,机车运营效率可进一步提高。

关键词：平台机车 g.系列机车 Vossloh公司模块化设计

Investig.tion of the function of CKMAP44 in the lateral g.niculate nucleus

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Investigation of the function of CKMAP44 in the lateral geni...

基于人工流场的四轮转向自动驾驶集成控制算法

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Xufeng.Chen Muhammad Aslam tim g.llisch Kevin Allen Jakob von Eng.lhardt Institute of Pathophysiolog. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Department of Ophthalmolog. University Medical Center G?ttingen Department of Clinical Neurobiolog. Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)

Relay neurons in the dorsal lateral g.niculate nucleus（d Lg.） receive excitatory inputs form retinal g.ng.ion cells via retinog.niculate synapses, which display strong.short-term depression of AMPA receptors（AMPARs） mediated current. However, the underlying.mechanism is still not clear. Here we identified CKAMP44 as a crucial AMPARs auxiliary protein in the dorsal lateral g.niculate synapse, in which they promote AMPARs surface expression. Moreover, CKAMP44 helps to maintain shortterm plasticity of retinog.niculate synapses by slowing.AMPARs recovery from desensitization. In addition, deletion of CKAMP44 increases the firing.probability of relay neurons under hig. frequency stimulation on optic tract. Finally, in vivo unit recording.in the d Lg. showed that ON and OFF response of d Lg. neurons were strong.r in CKAMP44 knockout mice, demonstrating.the importance of CKAMP44 modulated synaptic short-term depression for visual input integ.ation.

关键词： CKAMP44 AMPA receptors desensitization short-term plasticity visual input integ.ation

来源： cnki会议评论

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机械设计与研究 2022年第4期38卷 138-144页

作者：刘庆伟 g.RDON tim RAHMAN Shammi 喻凡上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室上海200240 林肯大学工学院英国林肯LN67TS

提出了一种基于人工流场的四轮转向车辆自动驾驶路径跟踪集成控制算法。在确定的驱动、制动和侧向加速度约束下,规划了沿期望参考路径的速度轨迹。利用人工流场引导算法设计了质点模型沿参考路径的参考速度矢量生成算法,针对四轮转向车... 详细信息

提出了一种基于人工流场的四轮转向车辆自动驾驶路径跟踪集成控制算法。在确定的驱动、制动和侧向加速度约束下,规划了沿期望参考路径的速度轨迹。利用人工流场引导算法设计了质点模型沿参考路径的参考速度矢量生成算法,针对四轮转向车辆,选定前后轴的中心为控制点,并设计了前馈+反馈的底层控制算法。利用MATLAB/Simulink和CarMaker搭建了仿真环境,并设计了连续曲率变化和大曲率变化两种典型工况,验证了所提出的控制算法的有效性。试验结果表明,在质心侧向加速度0.6g.极限工况下,控制算法可实现侧向跟踪误差和偏航角误差分别小于5 cm和4°。

关键词：自动驾驶路径跟踪车辆动力学集成控制

广西地区乙型肝炎病毒无症状携带者乙型肝炎病毒前C区突变分析

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中华流行病学杂志 2002年第6期23卷 453-456页

作者：方钟燎庄辉杨进业葛宪民王学燕龚健李荣成 Rog.r Ling.tim J Harrison 广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心南宁530021 北京大学基础医学院广西职业病防治研究所 DepartmentofMedicine Royal Free Campus University College London

目的　调查广西地区乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)无症状携带者HBV前C区基因突变株的流行情况。方法　用套式聚合酶链反应 (nPCR)对 77例广西南部、北部地区人群HBV无症状携带者血清HBV前C区进行扩增 ,阳性者用直接测序法进行序列分析。结果　 39... 详细信息

目的　调查广西地区乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)无症状携带者HBV前C区基因突变株的流行情况。方法　用套式聚合酶链反应 (nPCR)对 77例广西南部、北部地区人群HBV无症状携带者血清HBV前C区进行扩增 ,阳性者用直接测序法进行序列分析。结果　 39例HBsAg.症状携带者血清HBVDNA阳性 ,阳性率为 5 0 .7% (39 77) ,突变株出现率为 2 2 .1% (17 77)。南部地区阳性率为5 5 .6 % (2 0 36 ) ,其中 6份标本出现突变株 ,占 30 % ,常见的突变类型是nt185 8位发生点突变 (T→C) ,只有一份标本在nt1896发生点突变 (g.A) ,导致终止密码产生 ,该标本同时伴有nt1837点突变(A→g. ;北部地区阳性率为 4 6 .3% (19 4 1) ,其中有 11份标本出现突变株 ,占 5 7.9% ,常见的突变类型是nt1896位发生点突变 (g.A) ,这些标本中有 4份同时在nt184 6发生点突变 (A→T) ,2份同时在nt186 2发生点突变 (g.T) ;标本 734分别在nt185 6、185 8发生点突变 (C→T、T→C)。结论　广西地区HBV无症状携带者HBV前C区突变株的流行率居全国中等水平 ,广西南部、北部是否存在主要突变类型不同值得进一步研究。

关键词：广西乙型肝炎病毒无症状携带者前C区基因突变套式聚合酶链反应