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Influence of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation on Extreme Temperature Events in the Northern Hemisphere

Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第4期32卷 534-547页

作者： Yifei DIAO tim LI Pang-Chi HSU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawaii

The impact of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation （BSISO） on extreme hot and cool events was investig-ated, by analyzing the observed and reanalysis data for the period from 1983 to 2012. It is found that the frequency of the extreme events in middle and high latitudes is significantly modulated by the BSISO convection in the tropics, with a 3-9-day lag. During phases 1 and 2 when the BSISO positive rainfall anomaly is primarily located over a northwest-southeast oriented belt extending from India to Maritime Continent and a negative rainfall anomaly ap- pears in western North Pacific, the frequency of extreme hot events is 40% more than the frequency of non-extreme hot events. Most noticeable increase appears in midlatitude North Pacific （north of 40°N） and higher-latitude polar region. Two physical mechanisms are primarily responsible for the change of the extreme frequency. First, an upper-tropo-spheric Rossby wave train （due to the wave energy propagation） is generated in response to a negative heating anom-aly over tropical western North Pacific in phases 1 and 2. This wave train consists of a strong high pressure anomaly center northeast of Japan, a weak low pressure anomaly center over Alaska, and a strong high pressure anomaly cen-ter over the western coast of United States. Easterly anomalies to the south of the two strong midlatitude high pres-sure centers weaken the climatological subtropical jet along 40°N, which is accompanied by anomalous subsidence and warming in North Pacific north of 40°N. Second, an enhanced monsoonal heating over South Asia and East Asia sets up a transverse monsoonal overturning circulation, with large-scale ascending （descending） anomalies over trop-ical Indian （Pacific） Ocean. Both the processes favor more frequent extreme hot events in higher-latitude Northern Hemisphere. An anomalous atmospheric general circulation model is used to confirm the tropical heating effect.

关键词： boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation extreme hot events extreme cool events Rossby wave train monsoonal circulation

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布鲁斯博物馆美国格林威治

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世界建筑导报 2024年第1期39卷 63-67页

作者： Noah Marble Vanessa Smith-Torres Kyle Digby Sam Levison Mark Thorburn Max Katz Guan Wang tim Hursley(摄影) Michael Biondo(摄影) EDR建筑事务所不详

布鲁斯博物馆是一家位于康涅狄格州格林威治的地区性文化机构,拥有多学科藏品和展览项目,将艺术、科学和自然历史融为一体。2014年,在一场全国性设计竞赛之后,布鲁斯博物馆踏上了振兴其园区的征程,以将该机构带入未来。竞赛结束后,设计... 详细信息

布鲁斯博物馆是一家位于康涅狄格州格林威治的地区性文化机构,拥有多学科藏品和展览项目,将艺术、科学和自然历史融为一体。2014年,在一场全国性设计竞赛之后,布鲁斯博物馆踏上了振兴其园区的征程,以将该机构带入未来。竞赛结束后,设计团队领导了一项严格的初步规划研究,深入挖掘博物馆的需求,并为其作为社区资源的能力提供支持。

关键词：布鲁斯设计竞赛康涅狄格州社区资源博物馆展览项目初步规划格林威治

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Silicene nanoribbons as carbon monoxide nanosensors with molecular resolution

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Nano Research 2014年第7期7卷 945-952页

作者： tim H. Osborn Amir A. Farajian Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton Ohio 45435 USA

Applications based on silicene as grown on substrates are of high interest toward actual utilization of this unique material. Here we explore, from first principles, the nature of carbon monoxide adsorption on semiconducting silicene nanoribbons and the resulting quantum conduction modulation with and without silver contacts for sensing applications. We find that quantum conduction is detectably modified by weak chemisorption of a single CO molecule on a pristine silicene nanoribbon. This modification can be attributed to the charge transfer from CO to the silicene nanoribbon and the deformation induced by the CO chemisorption. Moderate binding energies provide an optimal mix of high detectability and recoverability. With Ag contacts attached to a -1 nm silicene nanoribbon, the interface states mask the conductance modulations caused by CO adsorption, emphasizing length effects for sensor applications. The effects of atmospheric gases--nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water--as well as CO adsorption density and edge-dangling bond defects, on sensor functionality are also investigated. Our results reveal pristine silicene nanoribbons as a promising new sensing material with single molecule resolution.

关键词： silicene silicon nanoribbon nanosensor carbon monoxide quantum transport contacts ab initio simulations

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Interruption limits of mechanical circuit breakers and circuit upgrades for current injection in HVDC circuit breakers

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High Voltage 2020年第3期5卷 334-342页

作者： tim Schultz Patrik Herzog Christian Michael Franck High Voltage Laboratory ETH ZurichPhysikstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

Current injection circuit breakers consist of a mechanical interrupter(MI)with a current injection and an energy dissipation branch in *** performance of the complete device is largely determined by mechanical operation time and interruption performance of the *** the standard configuration,current injection is realised using a pre-charged inductor–capacitor circuit.A higher interruption performance of the MI makes it possible to scale down the resonant injection circuit,and thus have a more economical ***,the implementation of more complex injection circuits that quickly create zero crossings,while maintaining favourable conditions for interruption,can lead to economic *** this study,the interruption performance of a model gas interrupter as part of a current injection topology is *** results are used to verify a corresponding simulation model and two-dimensional upgrade circuits that influence the injection current to increase the range of interruptible fault *** the basis of experimental results,the simulation model is used to investigate the performance of upgrade circuits for the use in high-voltage direct current(HVDC)*** results indicate that using improved injection circuits can considerably increase the economic advantage of current injection circuit breakers compared with other topologies.

关键词： injection resonant branch

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Projection of Future Precipitation Change over China with a High-Resolution Global Atmospheric Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第2期28卷 464-476页

作者：冯蕾周天军吴波 tim LI State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences IPRC and University of Hawaii

Projections of future precipitation change over China are studied based on the output of a global AGCM, ECHAM5, with a high resolution of T319 （equivalent to 40 km）. Evaluation of the model’s performance in simulating present-day precipitation shows encouraging results. The spatial distributions of both mean and extreme precipitation, especially the locations of main precipitation centers, are reproduced reasonably. The simulated annual cycle of precipitation is close to the observed. The performance of the model over eastern China is generally better than that over western China. A weakness of the model is the overestimation of precipitation over northern and western China. Analyses on the potential change in precipitation projected under the A1B scenario show that both annual mean precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation would increase significantly over southeastern China. The percentage increase in extreme precipitation is larger than that of mean precipitation. Meanwhile, decreases in mean and extreme precipitation are evident over the southern Tibetan Plateau. For precipitation days, extreme precipitation days are projected to increase over all of China. Both consecutive dry days over northern China and consecutive wet days over southern China would decrease.

关键词： future precipitation change high-resolution AGCM simulation extreme precipitation

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Skewness of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific based on assimilated data

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第3期27卷 600-606页

作者：苏京志张人禾 LI tim 容新尧 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology University of Hawaii at Manoa

The skewness of subsurface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific Ocean shows a significant asymmetry between the east and west. A positive temperature skewness appears in the equatorial eastern Pacific, while the temperature skewness in the western and central Pacific is primarily negative. There is also an asymmetry of the temperature skewness above and below the climatological mean therrnocline in the central and western Pacific. A positive skewness appears below the thermocline, but the skewness is negative above the thermocline. The distinctive vertical asymmetry of the temperature skewness is argued to be attributed to the asymmetric temperature response to upward and downward thermocline displacement in the presence of the observed upper-ocean vertical thermal structure. Because of positive （negative） second derivative of temperature with respect to depth below （above） the thermocline, an upward and a downward shift of the thermocline with equal displacement would lead to a negative temperature skewness above the thermocline but a positive skewness below the thermocline. In the far eastern equatorial Pacific, the thermocline is close to the base of the mixed layer, the shape of the upper-ocean vertical temperature profile cannot be kept. Positive skewness appears in both below the thermocline and above the thermocline in the far eastern basin. Over the central and eastern Pacific, the anomalies of the subsurface waters tend to entrain into the surface mixed layer （by climatological mean upwelling） and then affect the SST. Hence, the positive （negative） subsurface skewness in the far eastern （central） Pacific may favor positive （negative） SST skewness, which is consistent with the observational fact that more La Nina （EI Nino） occur in the central （eastern） Pacific. The present result implies a possible new paradigm for EI Nino and La Nina amplitude asymmetry in the eastern Pacific.

关键词： skewness subsurface temperature equatorial ocean

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Impact of ENSO on MJO Pattern Evolution over the Maritime Continent

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第6期34卷 1151-1166页

作者： Jia LIU Yuqin DA tim LI Feng HU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96822USA

The modulation of Madden–Julian oscillation(MJO)pattern evolution over the Maritime Continent(MC)by El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)was investigated through a combined observational and modeling *** convective branches shifted south of the equator over the MC during eastern Pacific(EP)El Nino winters,while it became relatively symmetric about the equator during La Ni?a *** impact of central Pacific(CP)El Ninos to MJO pattern,on the other hand,is not statistically *** cause of the distinctive MJO pattern evolutions is likely attributed to the ENSO-induced changes of the background moisture and vertical shear over the *** numerical experiments with a 2.5-layer model were carried out,and the result revealed that the background moisture change played a dominant *** observational diagnosis of column-integrated moist static energy(MSE)budgets was further *** result indicated that the MJO pattern difference was attributed to the MSE tendency asymmetry in front of MJO convection between EP El Nino and La Ni?a,caused by the advection of the mean MSE by anomalous meridional *** difference in the MJO-scale anomalous meridional wind was ultimately controlled by the change of the background meridional moisture gradient associated with EP El Nino and La Ni?a.

关键词： Madden-Julian oscillation(MJO) El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) Maritime Continent(MC) moist static energy(MSE)budget

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A review of the resistome within the digestive tract of livestock

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 642-661页

作者： Tao Ma tim A.McAllister Le Luo Guan Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaT6G2P5EdmontonABCanada Lethbridge Research and Development Centre LethbridgeAB T1J 4P4Canada

Antimicrobials have been widely used to prevent and treat infectious diseases and promote growth in food-production ***,the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance poses a huge threat to public and animal health,especial y in less developed countries where food-producing animals often intermingle with *** limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance from food-production animals to humans and the environment,it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of the role of the resistome in antimicrobial resistance(AMR),The resistome refers to the col ection of al antimicrobial resistance genes associated with microbiota in a given *** dense microbiota in the digestive tract is known to harbour one of the most diverse resistomes in *** of the resistome in the digestive tract of humans and animals are increasing exponential y as a result of advancements in next-generation sequencing and the expansion of bioinformatic resources/tools to identify and describe the *** this review,we outline the various tools/bioinformatic pipelines currently available to characterize and understand the nature of the intestinal resistome of swine,poultry,and *** then propose future research directions including analysis of resistome using long-read sequencing,investigation in the role of mobile genetic elements in the expression,function and transmission of *** review outlines the current knowledge and approaches to studying the resistome in food-producing animals and sheds light on future strategies to reduce antimicrobial usage and control the spread of AMR both within and from livestock production systems.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobial resistance gene Digestive tract Food-producing animal Metagenomic sequencing Resistome

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Impacts of Steering Flows with Different timescales on the Track of Typhoon Sanba(2012)

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第2期35卷 343-357页

作者： Qiao LIU Melinda PENG Weican ZHOU tim LI Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Colorado Colorado SpringColorado 80918USA International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

Typhoon Sanba(2012),the strongest tropical cyclone(TC)of the year worldwide,moved northward almost along130°longitude during its lifetime and passed through different background flows from low to high *** steering flows with different timescales for Sanba are retrieved by using the NCEP reanalysis data with the total wind field separated into:a mean state,an interannual component,an intraseasonal component,and a synoptic *** analysis indicates that the intraseasonal timescale wave train(WT)with east–west oriented circulations made the largest contribution to the movement of *** effects of the environmental steering with different timescales on Sanba’s movement are investigated with numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** the control simulation,total fields from the NCEP reanalysis are used as initial and boundary conditions,and the northward motion of Sanba is well *** sensitivity experiments,each of the intraseasonal and interannual components is removed one at a *** steering vectors associated with these timescales can explain their influences on the movement of Sanba in the *** budget analyses indicate that the horizontal vorticity advection made the largest contribution to the movement of the storm.

关键词： intraseasonal interannual mean state steering flow

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Implications from Subseasonal Prediction Skills of the Prolonged Heavy Snow Event over Southern China in Early 2008

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第11期38卷 1873-1888页

作者： Keyue ZHANG Juan LI Zhiwei ZHU tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu 96822Hawaii

An exceptionally prolonged heavy snow event(PHSE)occurred in southern China from 10 January to 3 February 2008,which caused considerable economic losses and many *** what extent any dynamical model can predict such an extreme event is crucial for disaster prevention and ***,we found the three S2S models(ECMWF,CMA1.0 and CMA2.0)can predict the distribution and intensity of precipitation and surface air temperature(SAT)associated with the PHSE at 10-day lead and 10−15-day lead,*** success is attributed to the models’capability in forecasting the evolution of two important low-frequency systems in the tropics and mid-latitudes[the persistent Siberian High and the suppressed phase of the Madden−Julian Oscillation(MJO)],especially in the ECMWF ***,beyond the 15-day lead,the three models show almost no skill in forecasting this *** bias in capturing the two critical circulation systems is responsible for the low skill in forecasting the 2008 PHSE beyond the 15-day *** one hand,the models cannot reproduce the persistence of the Siberian High,which results in the underestimation of negative SAT anomalies over southern *** the other hand,the models cannot accurately capture the suppressed convection of the MJO,leading to weak anomalous southerly and moisture transport,and therefore the underestimation of precipitation over southern *** Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)analyses between the critical circulation systems and SAT/precipitation over southern China shows a robust historical relation,indicating the fidelity of the predictability sources for both regular events and extreme events(e.g.,the 2008 PHSE).

关键词： prolonged heavy snow event S2S prediction models subseasonal prediction skill MJO Siberian High

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