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Asymmetry of Atmospheric Responses to Two-Type El Nino and La Nina over Northwest Pacific

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 826-836页

作者： Mingcheng CHEN tim LI Xiaohui WANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI96822USA

The mechanism for asymmetric atmospheric responses to the central Pacific(CP) El Ni?o and La Ni?a over the western North Pacific(WNP) is studied in this paper. The negative anomalies of rainfall over the key region of WNP are explained by diagnosing the column-integrated equations of moisture and moist static energy(MSE). It is revealed that the nonlinear advection of moist enthalpy is critical to introduce negative rainfall anomalies over the region. The anomalous easterly(westerly) in La Ni?a(CP El Ni?o) causes negative advection of anomalous moist enthalpy, inducing negative heating anomaly and an anticyclone anomaly in the WNP, which weakens(strengthens) the cyclone(anticyclone) in La Ni?a(CP El Ni?o). The MSE budget analysis shows a larger nonlinear term in CP El Ni?o than in eastern Pacific(EP) El Ni?o, inconsistent with the amplitudes of sea surface temperature anomalies. The reason is that the nonlinear term transforms to positive above 700 h Pa in EP El Ni?o, offsetting the negative advection below 700 h Pa and thus making the nonlinear term smaller. The nonlinear term is negative at low levels in CP El Ni?o, resulting in a larger nonlinear term. The stronger precipitation anomalies in the WNP during EP El Ni?o can be attributed to the linear moist enthalpy advection. The mean easterly wind at mid levels causes a larger(smaller) positive moist enthalpy advection in CP(EP) El Ni?o, due to a larger(smaller) moist enthalpy gradient, resulting in a positive(negative) linear moist enthalpy advection, which weakens(strengthens) the negative precipitation anomalies in the key region.

关键词： asymmetry La Nina eastern Pacific(EP) El Nino central Pacific(CP) El Nino moist enthalpy

Tongue diagnosis: relationship between sublingual tongue morphology in three tongue protrusion angles and menstrual clinical symptoms

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第4期13卷 248-256页

作者： tim Hideaki Tanaka The Pacific Wellness Institute Department of Health Faculty of Health Science Tsukuba University of Technology

OBJECTIVE：The morphological and color characteristics of the tongue sublingual veins（SLVs）can manifest differently within the subjects,depending on the way their tongue is curled *** study was conducted in order to investigate the clinical relevancy of tongue SLV diagnosis in relation to menstrual clinical symptoms（pain,clots,heavy,and scanty）,using three different inspection procedures（IP1,IP2,and IP3）.METHODS：Three-hundred and seventy-seven female patients were asked to stick out their tongues in three specifi c ways which were intended to create different tongue protrusion *** SLV parameters for thickness（TK）,length（LE）,color（CL）,shape（SP）,and nodules（ND）were then ***：According to the results of the Waldχ2test,IP1 provides the best model for pain（R2=0.155）,IP3 for clots（R2=0.437）,IP2 for heavy（R2=0.268）,and scanty（R2=0.192）.Abnormal SLV diagnostic parameters were most strongly associated with the clinical symptom of clots（R2=0.492）.CONCLUSION：While the study showed the relations between tongue SLV features and menstrual clinical symptoms,as well it showed that IP2 was the best overall predictor for the symptomatic indexes used in this study,and using one particular SLV inspection procedure may not be suffi *** application of a particular inspection method alone may cause under-or over-estimation of SLV abnormalities.

关键词： tongue inspection medicine Chinese traditional dysmenorrheal

Covariation between personalities and individual differences in coping with stress:Converging evidence and hypotheses

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 728-740页

作者： Claudio CARERE Doretta CARAMASCHI tim W. FAWCETT Dipartimento di Ecologia e Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile Università della Tuscia GRIP Université de Montréal 3050douard-Montpetit

In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences in stress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ways of coping with stress are relevant both in biomedicine, since different personalities may experience a different stress and disease vulnerability, and in behavioural ecology, since their adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance are the subject of debate. However, the precise way in which individual stress differences and personalities are linked is unclear. Here we provide an updated overview of this covariation across different species and taxa, consider its functional significance and present working hypotheses for how behavioural and physiological responses to stress might be causally linked, affecting life-history traits such as dispersal and life-span [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 728-740, 2010].

关键词： Animal personality Coping style Agression Stress response Corticosterone Glucocorticoids Natural selection Fitness evolution

Computation of Quantum Bound States on a Singly Punctured Two-Torus

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第1期30卷 17-20页

作者： CHAN Kar-tim Hishamuddin Zainuddin Saeid Molladavoudi Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Laboratory of Computational Sciences and Mathematical Physics Institute for Mathematical ResearchUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia

We study a quantum mechanical system on a singly punctured two-torus with bound states described by the Maass waveforms which are eigenfunctions of the hyperbolic Laplace–Beltrami *** the discrete eigenvalues of the Maass cusp form are not known analytically,they are solved numerically using an adapted algorithm of Hejhal and Then to compute Maass cusp forms on the punctured *** report on the computational results of the lower lying eigenvalues for the punctured two-torus and find that they are *** also visualize the eigenstates of selected eigenvalues using GridMathematica.

关键词： torus states hyperbolic

Seasonal Prediction of Boreal Winter Rainfall over the Western Maritime Continent during ENSO

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第2期34卷 294-303页

作者： Chih-Pei CHANG tim LI Song YANG Department of Meteorology Naval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyCA 93943USA Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96822USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Since the beginning of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Climate Outlook Forum(ASEANCOF)in 2013,the most difficult challenge has been the rainfall forecast in boreal *** is the Maritime Continent monsoon season during which rainfall reaches maximum in the annual *** forecast difficulty arises in spite of the general notion that seasonal predictability of the Maritime Continent rainfall may be higher than most places because of the strong and robust influences of *** lower predictability is consistent with the lower correlation between ENSO and western Maritime Continent rainfall that reaches minimum during the boreal winter *** theories have been proposed to explain this low *** this paper,we review the research on ENSO–Maritime Continent rainfall relationship and show that the main cause of the forecast difficulty is the wind–terrain interaction involving the Sumatran and Malay Peninsula mountains,rather than the effect of sea surface temperature(SST).The wind–terrain interaction due to the low-level regional scale anomalous horizontal circulation offsets the anomalous Walker circulation during both El Ni?o and La Ni?*** net result of these two opposing responses to ENSO is a lower local *** propose to call this low-predictability region the WIMP(Western Indonesia–Malay Peninsula)region both for its geographical location and its special characteristic of causing difficulties for forecasters to make a confident forecast for the boreal *** result suggests that climate models lack skills in forecasting rainfall in this region because their predictability depends strongly on SST.

关键词： seasonal forecast Maritime Continent ENSO monsoon rainfall wind-terrain interaction

Effect of vertical overturning circulation scale and moist static energy tendency on MJO phase speed

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第1期15卷 68-75页

作者： Feng Hu tim Li School of Geographic Information and Tourism Chuzhou UniversityChuzhouChina Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA

The combined effects of vertical overturning circulation(VOC) zonal length scale and moist static energy(MSE)tendency zonal asymmetry on MJO phase speed were investigated based on diagnosis of ERA-Interim data over a 40-year period(1979-2019).In a key region(80°-100°E),128 MJO events were *** was found that the larger the VOC zonal length scale,the faster the MJO eastward *** correlation coefficient between them was 0.52,exceeding the 99% confidence level.A significant positive correlation(0.59) was also identified between the phase speed and MSE tendency zonal asymmetry.A linear regression model based on the aforementioned two parameters was constructed,and the phase speed could be estimated based on the *** correlation coefficient between the reconstructed phase speed and its observed counterpart was 0.73,exceeding the 99% confidence level with an F-test.A composite analysis of the fast and slow groups indicated that the VOC zonal length scale was modulated by the background *** El Nino(La Ni?a)-like SST pattern and associated precipitation anomalies promoted a larger(smaller) VOC zonal length scale and thus a faster(slower)propagation speed.A sensitivity test with a reference point in a different longitudinal zone(120°-140°E) was ***,there were significant relationships between the MJO phase speed and the two *** correlation between the reconstructed and observed phase speed was 0.67,exceeding the 99% confidence level.

关键词： Vertical overturning circulation MJO phase speed Moist static energy tendency Linear regression model

Editorial:Industrial relevance of molybdenum in China

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Advances in Manufacturing 2020年第1期8卷 35-39页

作者： tim Outteridge Nicole Kinsman Gaetano Ronchi Hardy Mohrbacher International Molybdenum Association LondonUK Department of Materials Engineering KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium NiobelCon bvba SchildeBelgium

About 80%of all molybdenum mined in the world(not including units recovered via recycling)is used as an alloying element in iron and *** general,the intensity of molybdenum use in China is still lower than in more highly developed regions such as the USA and *** difference is manifest in both carbon steels and stainless steels,suggesting a significant opportunity for more widespread use of molybdenum in the future as China follows its self-reliance policy,calling for more sophisticated *** market development,as being pursued by the International Molybdenum Association(IMOA),is a key asset in that *** article summarizes some key facts on molybdenum mining,use and market development in China.

关键词： China molybdenum industry Global molybdenum reserves Molybdenum applications Enduser markets Molybdenum alloying Market development

Madden–Julian Oscillation: Its Discovery, Dynamics, and Impact on East Asia

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第1期34卷 20-42页

作者： tim LI Jian LING Pang-Chi HSU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this review article,we pay primary attention to innovative works in the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO)field done by Chinese *** historical aspect of discovery of the MJO and earlier studies of its dynamics by Chinese scientists are first *** is followed by the description of recent advances in MJO propagation and initiation *** MJO eastward propagation,two types of the moisture mode theory are *** first one emphasizes the effect of zonal asymmetry of perturbation moisture in the atmospheric boundary layer and the second one emphasizes the zonal asymmetry of column integrated moisture static energy(MSE)*** mechanisms for MJO initiation over the western Indian Ocean include three distinctive processes:lower tropospheric moistening due to horizontal advection caused by preceding suppressed-phase MJO,midlatitude Rossby wave activity flux convergence in the upper troposphere originated from the Southern Hemisphere,and a delayed sea surface temperature feedback in association with a preceding opposite-phase *** impacts of MJO on low-frequency variability of precipitation and temperature and associated extreme events in East Asia are also discussed.

关键词： Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO) propagation and initiation lower tropospheric moistening Rossby wave activity flux delayed sea surface temperature feedback

The Influence of Edge Energy on Step Flow Instability for Crystals with Bravais Versus Non-Bravais Lattice Structures

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Communications in Computational Physics 2020年第1期27卷 70-86页

作者： tim Krumwiede Khoa D.Dinh Christian Ratsch tim P.Schulze Department of Mathematics Bringham Young UniversityUT 84602USA Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeTennessee 37996USA Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics and Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1555USA

We examine the meandering instability for prismatic lattices formed from triangles,squares and hexagons using a nearest neighbor kinetic Monte Carlo *** the first two cases,which are Bravais lattices,we find that facets with the orientation favored in the equilibrium shape of isolated islands are most prone to this instability,while the analogous facet for the hexagonal lattice is the least *** argue that this is due to a significant difference in the reconstructed/equilibrium versus the non-reconstructed edge energy for non-Bravais ***/edge energy is typically modeled as a single-valued function of *** put forward a simple geometric argument that suggests this picture is inadequate for crystals with a non-Bravais lattice *** the case of a hexagonally structured lattice,our arguments indicate that the non-reconstructed edge energy can be viewed as both discontinuous and multi-valued for a subset of orientations that are commensurate with the crystal *** support these conclusions with density functional theory calculations that also reveal multivalued surface energies for the set of singular orientations.

关键词： KMC surface energy epitaxy