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Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling Alexander Rampf Angelica Cecilia TomášFaragó Marcus Zuber tilo baum.ach Roswitha Zeis Helmholtz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is *** benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in *** study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance *** described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray imaging Tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

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Optimization of Multi-Criteria Experiments with Fuzzy Results

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第6期11卷 686-692页

作者：杨帆吴甦 tilo Pfeifer Klaus Hense Department of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua University WZL RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52074Germany

The classical design of experiments （DOE） method can optimize systems with one technical response and multiple inputs. The objective of this study is to optimize multiple technical responses at the same time by integrating fuzzy logic transformation into a DoE system. The transformation from technical responses to the individual fuzzy responses and the overall fuzzy response are first defined, and the fuzzy response system is established. The method used to optimize the overall fuzzy response is introduced and discussed. The results show that the established fuzzy response system can optimize systems with multiple technical responses and multiple inputs.

关键词： design of experiments fuzzy logic fuzzy response multi-criteria system overall quality

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Interferometric measurement of injection nozzles using ultra-small fiber-optical probes

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Chinese Optics Letters 2011年第7期9卷 37-40页

作者： tilo Pfeifer Robert Schmitt Niels Knig Guilherme Francisco Mallmann Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology Steinbachstr. 17 52074 Aachen Germany Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering of RWTH Aachen University

The measurement of boreholes with diameters smaller than 500 μm is a demanding task that cannot be performed using state-of-the-art production metrology. In this letter, a miniaturized fiber probe with a diameter of 80μm is presented. A probe is used for low-coherence interferometry to conduct highly precise measurements of form deviations of small boreholes. Measurements conducted in nozzles are also presented. The results prove the potential of the fiber-optical sensor for quality inspection of high-precision parts, such as injection nozzles, for common-rail diesel engines.

关键词： Charge coupled devices Fizeau interferometry Low coherence interferometry Metrology Michelson interferometers Optical fibers

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Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

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Optoelectronics Letters 2008年第2期4卷 140-142页

作者： Robert Schmitt tilo Pfeifer Frank Depiereux Niels Knig Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT) Steinbachstrasse 17 52074 Aachen Germany

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.

关键词：纤维光干扰术光检测技术测量方法

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A GOCE only gravity model GOSG01S and the validation of GOCE related satellite gravity models

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2017年第4期8卷 260-272页

作者： Xinyu Xu Yongqi Zhao tilo Reubelt Robert Tenzer School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of Education 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China Institute of Geodesy University of Stuttgart Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24D 70174 Stuttgart Germany

We compile the GOCE-only satellite model GOSG01S complete to spherical harmonic degree of 220 using Satellite Gravity Gradiometry （SGG） data and the Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking （SST） observations along the GOCE orbit based on applying a least-squares analysis. The diagonal components （Vxx, Vyy, Vzz） of the gravitational gradient tensor are used to form the system of observation equations with the band-pass ARMA filter. The point-wise acceleration observations （ax, ay, az） along the orbit are used to form the system of observation equations up to the maximum spherical harmonic degree/order 130. The analysis of spectral accuracy characteristics of the newly derived gravitational model GOSG01S and the existing models GOTIM04S, GODIR04S, GOSPW04S and JYY_GOCE02S based on their comparison with the ultrahigh degree model EIGEN-6C2 reveals a significant consistency at the spectral window approximately between 80 and 190 due to the same period SGG data used to compile these models. The GOCE related satellite gravity models GOSG01S, GOTIM05S, GODIR05S, GOTIM04S, GODIR04S, GOSPW04S, JYY_- GOCE02S, EIGEN-6C2 and EGM2008 are also validated by using GPS-leveling data in China and USA. According to the truncation at degree 200, the statistic results show that all GGMs have very similar differences at GPS-leveling points in USA, and all GOCE related gravity models have better performance than EGM2008 in China. This suggests that all these models provide much more information on the gravity field than EGM2008 in areas with low terrestrial gravity coverage. And STDs of height anomaly differences in China for the selected truncation degrees show that GOCE has improved the accuracy of the global models beyond degree 90 and the accuracies of the models improve from 24 cm to 16 cm. STDs of geoid height differences in USA show that GOSG01S model has best consistency comparing with GPSleveling data for the frequency band of the degree between 20 and 160.

关键词： Earth's gravity field Geopotential model Gravity gradient Validation SateLlite-to-satellite tracking

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Psychological burden of food allergy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3456-3465页

作者： Martin Teufel tilo Biedermann Nora Rapps Constanze Hausteiner Peter Henningsen Paul Enck Stephan Zipfel Department of Internal Medicine VI -Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Tübingen Tübingen 72076 Germany Department of Dermatology University of Tübingen Tübingen 72076 Germany Department of Psychosomatic Medicine University Hospital Technical University Munich 81675 Germany

One fifth of the population report adverse reactions to food. Reasons for these symptoms are heterogeneous, varying from food allergy, food intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome to somatoform or other mental disorders. Literature reveals a large discrepancy between truly diagnosed food allergy and reports of food allergy symptoms by care seekers. In most studies currently available the characterization of patient groups is incomplete, because they did not distinguish between immunologic reactions and other kinds of food reactions. In analysing these adverse reactions, a thorough physical and psychological diagnostic approach is important. In our qualitative review, we present those diagnostic measures that are evidenced-based as well as clinically useful, and discuss the various psychological dimensions of adverse reactions to food. It is important to acknowledge the complex interplay between body and mind： Adults and children suffering from food allergy show impaired quality of life and a higher level of stress and anxiety. Pavlovian conditioning of adverse reactions plays an important role in maintaining symptoms. The role of personality, mood, or anxiety in food reactions is debatable. Somatoform disorders ought to be identified early to avoid lengthy and fiustrating investigations. A future task will be to improve diagnostic algorithms, to describe psychological aspects in clearly characterised patient subgroups, and to develop strategies for an optimized management of the various types of adverse reactions to food.

关键词： Food allergy Food reactions Diagnostic measures Psychological aspects Quality of life

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On Integral Equation and Least Squares Methods for Scattering by Diffraction Gratings

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Communications in Computational Physics 2006年第6期1卷 1010-1042页

作者： tilo Arens Simon N.Chandler-Wilde John A.DeSanto Mathematisches Institut II Univeristat Karlsruhe76128 KarlsruheGermany Department of Mathematics University of ReadingWhiteknightsPO Box 220Berkshire RG66AXUnited Kingdom Mathematical and Computer Sciences Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA

In this paper we consider the scattering of a plane acoustic or electromagnetic wave by a one-dimensional,periodic rough *** restrict the discussion to the case when the boundary is sound soft in the acoustic case,perfectly reflecting with TE polarization in the EM case,so that the total field vanishes on the *** propose a uniquely solvable first kind integral equation formulation of the problem,which amounts to a requirement that the normal derivative of the Green’s representation formula for the total field vanish on a horizontal line below the scattering *** then discuss the numerical solution by Galerkin’s method of this(ill-posed)integral *** point out that,with two particular choices of the trial and test spaces,we recover the so-called SC(spectral-coordinate)and SS(spectral-spectral)numerical schemes of DeSanto et al.,Waves Random Media,8,315-414,*** next propose a new Galerkin scheme,a modification of the SS method that we term the SSmethod,which is an instance of the well-known dual least squares Galerkin *** show that the SSmethod is always well-defined and is optimally convergent as the size of the approximation space ***,we make a connection with the classical least squares method,in which the coefficients in the Rayleigh expansion of the solution are determined by enforcing the boundary condition in a least squares sense,pointing out that the linear system to be solved in the SSmethod is identical to that in the least squares *** this connection we show that(reflecting the ill-posed nature of the integral equation solved)the condition number of the linear system in the SSand least squares methods approaches infinity as the approximation space increases in *** also provide theoretical error bounds on the condition number and on the errors induced in the numerical solution computed as a result of *** results confirm the convergence of the SSmethod and illustrat

关键词： Helmholtz equation first kind integral equation spectral method condition number

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Excess-iron driven spin glass phase in Fe1+yTe1-xSex

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第8期30卷 202-208页

作者：田龙刘盼盼洪涛 tilo Seydel 鲁兴业罗会仟李世亮戴鹏程 Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University

The iron-chalcogenide superconductor Fe Te1-xSexdisplays a variety of exotic features distinct from iron *** much effort has been devoted to understanding the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity near x = 0.5, the existence of a spin glass phase with short-range magnetic order in the doping range(x ～ 0.1–0.3) has rarely been studied. Here, we use DC/AC magnetization and(quasi) elastic neutron scattering to confirm the spin-glass nature of the short-range magnetic order in a Fe1.07Te0.8Se0.2sample. The AC-frequency dependent spin-freezing temperature Tf generates a frequency sensitivity △Tf(ω)/[Tf(ω)△ log10ω ] ≈ 0.028 and the description of the critical slowing down withτ = τ0(Tf/TSG-1)-zvgives TSG≈ 22 K and zv ≈ 10, comparable to that of a classical spin-glass system. We have also extended the frequency-dependent Tfto the smaller time scale using energy-resolution-dependent neutron diffraction measurements, in which the TNof the short-range magnetic order increases systematically with increasing energy *** removing the excess iron through annealing in oxygen, the spin-freezing behavior disappears, and bulk superconductivity is realized. Thus, the excess Fe is the driving force for the formation of the spin-glass phase detrimental to bulk superconductivity.

关键词： iron chalcogenides spin glass neutron scattering

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Importance of genetic data from type specimens:The questionable type locality of southern white-cheeked gibbon,Nomascus siki(Delacour,1951)

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Zoological Research 2022年第4期43卷 666-670页

作者： Christian Roos Roberto Portela Miguez Dietmar Zinner tilo Nadler Van Ngoc Thinh Gene Bank of Primates German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Primate Genetics Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Natural History Museum London SW7 BDUK Cognitive Ethology Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition Goettingen 37077Germany Department of Primate Cognition Georg-August-UniversityGoettingen 37083Germany Three Monkeys Wildlife Conservancy Cuc Phuong CommuneNho Quan DistrictNinh Binh ProvinceVietnam World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)Vietnam Nam Tu Liem DistrictHanoiVietnam

DEAR EDITOR,Many historical descriptions of new species have included vague or inaccurate information about the type *** can lead to confusion in the study of the species and their geographic distributions,thereby hindering conservation *** such example is the southern white-cheeked gibbon(Nomascus siki(Delacour,1951)).The type locality is given as Thua Luu in central Vietnam,which is located within the range of another crested gibbon species(***)and more than 200 km south of the known range of *** investigate the problematic type locality of ***,we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the holotype and compared its cytochrome b gene sequence to those of other georeferenced crested gibbon samples.

关键词： thereby hinder locality

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O-BODIPYs as fluorescent labels for sugars:glucose,xylose and ribose

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第3期9卷 720-730页

作者： Deepika Kanyan Miriana Horacek-Glading Martijn J.Wildervanck tilo Söhnel David C.Ware Penelope J.Brothers School of Chemical Sciences The University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland 1142New Zealand Research School of Chemistry Australian National University137 Sullivan’s Creek RoadCanberra ACT 2601Australia

Sugar-O-BODIPY conjugates,in which the fluorescent dye O-BODIPY is linked to sugars directly through B-O-C bonds,have been synthesized via an acid-catalyzed transesterification *** of glucose,xylose and ribose with O-... 详细信息

关键词： BODIPY sugar bonds

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