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Accessibility to Oral Antiviral Therapy for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C in the United States

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2016年第2期4卷 76-82页

作者： Sammy Saab Melissa Jimenez tiffany fong Crystal Wu Sherona Bau Zoha Jamal Jonathan Grotts David Elashoff Department of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Biostatistics University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Background:Hepatitis C (HCV) direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are safe,effective,and *** contraindications to interferon-based treatment are no long *** aims of this study were to understand the predictors of approval to drug ***:We studied all consecutive patients with HCV prescribed DAAs between October 2014 and July *** on demographic,socioeconomic status,comorbidities,baseline laboratory values,and assessment of liver disease severity,insurance,and specialty pharmacy type were *** analyses were performed to identify predictors of prescription ***:In total,410 patients were prescribed DAAs between October 2014 and July *** those,332 (81%) patients were insurance approved for *** the 332 patients accepted,251 were accepted after the first prescription attempt,and 38 were accepted after the second and third *** number of attempts for the other 43 approved patients was *** age (p =0.001),employment (p =0.001),lack of comorbidities (p =0.02),liver transplantation (p =0.018),and advanced liver disease (p =0.001)were more likely associated with obtaining *** income was not associated with insurance *** the multivariate analysis,Medicare insurance (odds ratio [OR]) 2.67,95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-7.20),lack of nonliver comorbidities (OR 2.72,95% CI 1.35-5.43),and the presence of advanced liver disease (OR 1.82,95% CI 1.04-3.24) independently predicted drug ***:Despite the availability of DAAs for HCV,barriers from insurance carriers continue to impair widespread *** with advanced liver disease,Medicare,and without comorbidities are most likely to be insurance approved for DAAs.

关键词： Hepatitis C Healthcare access Antiviral therapy

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Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins as an exogenously applied natural solution for prevention of postharvest fungal infections

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第3期9卷 481-493页

作者： tiffany Chiu Yanran Li Graduate Program in Genetics Genomicsand Bioinformatics1140 Batchelor HallUniversity of California RiversideCalifornia92521USA Program of Chemical Engineering Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA92521USA

Polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins(PGIPs)are plant proteins involved in the inhibition of polygalacturonases(PGs),cell-wall degrading enzymes often secreted by phytopathogenic ***,we confirmed that PGIP2 from Phaseolus vulgaris(PvPGIP2)can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea on agar *** this study,we further validated the feasibility of using PGIP as an environmental and ecological friendly agent to prevent fungal infection *** found that application of either purified PGIP(full length PvPGIP2 or truncated tPvPGIP2_5-8),or PGIP-secreting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains can effectively inhibit fungal growth and necrotic lesions on tobacco *** also examined the effective amount and thermostability of PGIP when applied on plants.A concentration of 0.75 mg/mL or higher can significantly reduce the area of *** *** activity of full-length PvPGIPs is not affected after incubation at various temperatures ranging from􀀀20 to 42◦C for 24 h,while truncated tPvPGIP2_5-8 lost some efficacy after incubation at 42◦***,we have also examined the efficacy of PGIP on tomato *** the purified PvPGIP2 proteins were applied to tomato fruit inoculated with *** at a concentration of roughly 1.0 mg/mL,disease inci-dence and area of disease had reduced by more than half compared to the controls without PGIP *** study explores the potential of PGIPs as exogenously applied,eco-friendly fungal control agents on fruit and vegetables post-harvest.

关键词： PGIP Antifungal agent Pest control Postharvest treatment

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Antibody switch AIDed by pyruvate

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Life Metabolism 2024年第2期3卷 1-2页

作者： Haoming Luan tiffany Horng School of Life Sciences and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

Metabolism is mobilized to meet the biosynthetic,bioenergetic,and regulatory demands of immune cell *** nothing is known about the metabolic basis of antibody class switch in B cells.A recent study published in Nature Communications through a joint effort by Chen Lab(metabolism biology)and Liu Lab(B cell biology)from Tsinghua University reveals that the monocarboxylate carrier MCT1(monocarboxylate transporter 1)promotes pyruvate oxidation and histone acetylation to support class switch recombination(CSR),the process by which B cells make antibodies of different isotypes with unique effector functions.

关键词： functions. activation Almost

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Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2564-2597页

作者： David Walzik tiffany Y.Wences Chirino Philipp Zimmer Niklas Joisten Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund University44227 DortmundNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Division of Exercise and Movement Science Institute for Sport ScienceUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenLower SaxonyGermany

Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully *** exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle,adipose,and liver *** signaling molecules,which are collectively termed exerkines,form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances,mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue *** scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such ***,some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes.A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and ***,we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various *** emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research,we provide a comprehensive overview of(i)the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion,(ii)the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption,and(iii)the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： prevention treatment collective

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Effectiveness of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir with / without Ribavarin in Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis C

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第2期5卷 101-108页

作者： Sammy Saab Justin Rheem Melissa A.Jimenez tiffany M.fong Michelle H.Mai Caterina A.Kachadoorian Negin L.Esmailzadeh Sherona N.Bau Susan Kang Samantha D.Ramirez Jonathan Grotts Gina Choi Francisco A.Durazo Mohammed M.El-Kabany Steven-Huy B.Han Ronald W.Busuttil Departments of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA Departments of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA Department of Medicine at Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center Torrance California USA Departments of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA Department of Biostatistics at the University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

Background and Aims:Recurrent infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in liver transplant (LT) recipients is universal and associated with significant morbidity and ***:We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with and without ribavirin in LT recipients with recurrent genotype 1 hepatitis ***:Eighty-five LT recipients were treated for recurrent HCV with ledipasvir/sofosbuvirwith and without ribavirin for 12 or 24 *** mean (± standard deviation [SD]) time from LT to treatment initiation was 68 (±71) *** mean (± SD) age of the cohort was 63 (±8.6) years *** recipients were male (70%).Baseline alanine transaminase,total bilirubin,and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) values (± SD) were 76.8 (±126)mg/dL,0.8 (±1.3) U/L,and 8,010,421.9 (±12,420,985)IU/mL,*** of 43 recipients who were treated with ribavirin required drug cessation due to side effects,with 4 of those being anemia *** recipient discontinued the ledipasvir/***-one percent of recipients had undetectable viral levels at 4 weeks after starting therapy,and all recipients had complete viral suppression at the end of *** sustained viral response at 12 weeks after completion of therapy was 94%.Conclusion:Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir with and without ribavirin therapy is an effective and well-tolerated interferon-free treatment for recurrent HCV infection after *** is not uncommon in LT recipients receiving ribavirin.

关键词： Liver transplantation Immunosuppressant Hepatitis C Direct-acting agents Sustained viral response

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VISION-iT:A Framework for Digitizing Bubbles and Droplets

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 26-35页

作者： Youngjoon Suh Sanghyeon Chang Peter Simadiris tiffany B.Inouye Muhammad Jahidul Hoque Siavash Khodakarami Chirag Kharangate Nenad Miljkovic Yoonjin Won Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine4200 Engineering GatewayCA 92617-2700USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvine5200 Engineering HallCA 92617-2700USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research(WPI-12CNER) Kyushu University744 Moto-okaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

Quantifying the nucleation processes involved in liquid-vapor phase-change phenomena,while dauntingly challenging,is central in designing energy conversion and thermal management *** technological advances in the deep learning and computer vision field offer the potential for quantifying such complex two-phase nucleation processes at unprecedented *** leveraging these new technologies,a multiple object tracking framework called“vision inspired online nuclei tracker(VISION-iT)”has been proposed to extract large-scale,physical features residing within boiling and condensation ***,extracting high-quality features that can be integrated with domain knowledge requires detailed discussions that may be field-or case-specific *** this regard,we present a demonstration and discussion of the detailed construction,algorithms,and optimization of individual modules to enable adaptation of the framework to custom *** concepts and procedures outlined in this study are transferable and can benefit broader audiences dealing with similar problems.

关键词： Deep learning Computer vision Nucleation Heat transfer Phase-change phenomena

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COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Long-term olfactory loss post-COVID-19:Pathobiology and potential therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： Sarah Kim John B.Finlay tiffany Ko Bradley J.Goldstein Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Training Program Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emerged as a striking symptom present in roughly half of the people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus in the early phases of the COVID-19 *** most COVID-19 patients,olfaction recovers over the course of a few ***,a lasting partial or complete loss of smell,often associated with distorted olfactory perceptions termed parosmia,has emerged as a widespread problem impacting at least 5%-10%of those who experience anosmia due to *** inability to offer effective therapies to this hyposmic or anosmic population,comprising millions of patients,highlights an enormous unmet need for the medical ***,we summarize the current understanding of the pathobiology causing acute olfactory loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the virus interacts with the peripheral olfactory system,a major site of viral *** also explore the problem of long-COVID olfactory dysfunction,which may accompany other persistent systemic disorders collectively termed postacute sequelae of ***,we discuss an emerging model focused on unresolved immune cell activity driving ongoing ***,we review current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring olfactory function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID parosmia

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A cross-sectional study of breastfed infants referred for tongue tie assessment and frenotomy in one Canadian health region

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 53-60页

作者： tiffany A.Lee Jessica Bishop Anne Drover William K.Midodzi Laurie K.Twells School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland(MUN)St.John’sCanada Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland(MUN)St.John’sCanada

Importance:Tongue tie(TT)is a condition that can cause infant feeding difficulties due to restricted tongue *** TT presents as a significant barrier to breastfeeding,a frenotomy may be *** accepted diagnostic criteria for TT are lacking and wide prevalence estimates are *** referral processes and a Frenotomy Assessment Tool were implemented in one Canadian health region to connect breastfeeding dyads with a provider for TT evaluation and ***:To determine the proportion of babies with TT as well as the frequency of ***:This cross-sectional study included infants who initiated breastfeeding at birth and were referred for TT evaluation over a 14-month *** were collected retrospectively by chart review and analyzed using *** associated with frenotomy were examined using logistic ***:Two hundred and forty-one babies were ***-two percent(n=222)were diagnosed with TT and 66.0%(n=159)underwent *** the multivariate model,nipple pain/trauma,inability to latch,inability to elevate tongue,and dimpling of tongue on extension were associated with frenotomy(P<0.05).Most referrals in our region resulted in a diagnosis of TT;however,the number of referrals was lower than expected,and of these two-thirds underwent ***:TT is a relatively common finding among breastfed *** research should examine whether a simplified assessment tool containing the four items associated with frenotomy in our multivariate model can identify breastfed infants with TT who require frenotomy.

关键词： Breastfeeding Nutrition Community health services Pediatrics

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Comparison of trigeminal lateralization with differing stimulants

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 66-69页

作者： tiffany Chen Nicolas S.Poupore Michael C.Shih Thomas S.Edwards Shaun A.Nguyen Zachary M.Soler Rodney J.Schlosser Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Trigeminal-specific stimulants have been shown to activate different receptors preferentially and this likely accounts for variation in sensory *** is unclear whether trigeminal sensitivity is similar across different transient receptor potential(TRP)receptors or if dysfunction of different receptors results in differing patient ***,a prospective cohort study was conducted,consisting of trigeminal lateralization testing with three different stimulants(eucalyptol,isothiocyanate,acetic acid),olfaction testing with Sniffin'Sticks,and measurement of various patient‐reported outcome measures(PROMs).A total of 50 participants were enrolled across the olfactory *** TDI score was 27.1±8.3(range 7.0–39.5)with 38%normosmic and 62%*** trigeminal lateralization scores out of 20 in the overall cohort were 16.18(2.78)for eucalyptol,14.94(3.49)for mustard oil,and 15.28(3.68)for *** showed a significant correlation with threshold scores of Sniffin'Sticks.A significant correlation was found between acetic acid and various *** of the lateralization scores of the trigeminal stimulants correlated to each other significantly and there was no correlation to *** lack of correlation suggests that the measured sensitivity of one type of TRP receptor may not translate to similar sensitivity of the other *** investigations with TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists are needed to corroborate our findings.

关键词： chemosensory olfaction trigeminal TRP receptor

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