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Studies of the radiation environment on the Mars surface using the Geant4 toolkit

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第1期33卷 120-130页

作者： Jun-Liang Chen Su-Jun Yun tie-kuang dong Zhong-Zhou Ren Xiao-Ping Zhang Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics and Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China School of Electronic Engineering Nanjing XiaoZhuang UniversityHongjing RoadNanjing 211171China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryCAS2 West Beijing RoodNanjing 210008China School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji UniversitySiping Rood 1239Shanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

The radiation environment on the surface of Mars is a potential threat for future manned exploration missions to this planet.In this study,a simple geometrical model was built for simulating the radiation environment on the Mars surface caused by galactic cosmic rays;the model was built and studied using the Geant4 toolkit.The simulation results were compared with the data reported by a radiation assessment detector(RAD).The simulated spectra of neutrons,photons,protons,α particles,and particle groups Z=3-5,Z=6-8,Z=9-13,and Z=14-24 were in a reasonable agreement with the RAD data.However,for deuterons,tritons,and 3He,the simulations yielded much smaller values than for the corresponding RAD data.In addition,the particles’spectra within the 90 zenith angle were also obtained.Based on these spectra,we calculated the radiation dose that would have been received by an average human body on Mars.The distribution of the dose throughout the human body was not uniform.The absorbed and equivalent doses for the brain were the highest among all of the organs,reaching 62.0±1.7 mGy/y and 234.1±8.0 mSv/y,respectively.The average absorbed and equivalent doses for the entire body were approximately 44 mGy/y and 153 mSv/y,respectively.Further analysis revealed that most of the radiation dose was owing to a particles,protons,and heavy ions.We then studied the shielding effect of the Mars soil with respect to the radiation.The body dose decreased significantly with increasing soil depth.At the depth of 1.5 m,the effective dose for the entire body was 17.9±2.4 mSv/y,lower than the dose limit for occupational exposure.At the depth of 3 m,the effective dose to the body was 2.7±1.0 mSv/y,still higher than the accepted dose limit.

关键词： Galactic cosmic rays Radiation environment of the Mars Absorbed dose Equivalent dose Geant4

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The spatial distribution of dark matter annihilation originating from a gamma-ray line signal

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第5期14卷 520-526页

作者： Tong-Suo Lu tie-kuang dong Jian Wu Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The GeV-TeV -γ-ray line signal is the smoking gun signature of dark matter annihilation or decay. The detection of such a signal is one of the main targets of some space-based telescopes, including Fermi-LAT and the upcoming missions CALET, DAMPE and Gamma-400. An important feature of γ-ray line photons that originate from dark-matter-annihilation is that they are concentrated at the center of the Galaxy. So far, no reliable γ-ray line has been detected by Fermi-LAT, and the upper limits on the cross section of annihilation into ＂y-rays have been reported. We use these upper limits to estimate the ＂maximal＂ number of -y-ray line photons detectable for Fermi- LAT, DAMPE and Gamma-400, and then investigate the spatial distribution of these photons. We show that the center of the distribution will usually be offset from the Galactic center （Sgr A＊） due to the limited statistics. Such a result is almost indepen- dent of models of the dark matter distribution, and will render the reconstruction of the dark matter distribution with the γ-ray line signal very challenging for foreseeable space-based detectors.

关键词： cosmology observations -- cosmology dark matter -- Galaxy center-- instrumentation detectors

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Calibration and performance of the neutron detector onboard of the DAMPE mission

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第9期20卷 335-342页

作者： Yong-Yi Huang Tao Ma Chuan Yue Yan Zhang Ming-Sheng Cai Jin Chang tie-kuang dong Yong-Qiang Zhang Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),one of the four space-based scientific missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,was successfully launched on 2015 Dec.17 from Jiuquan launch center.One of the most important scientific goals of DAMPE is to search for evidence of dark matter indirectly by measuring the spectrum of high energy cosmic-ray electrons.The neutron detector,one of the four sub-payloads of DAMPE,is designed to distinguish high energy electrons from hadron background by measuring the secondary neutrons produced in the shower.In this paper,a comprehensive introduction of the neutron detector is presented,including the design,calibration and performance.The analysis with simulated data and flight data indicates a powerful proton rejection capability of the neutron detector,which plays an essential role for TeV electron identification of DAMPE.

关键词： neutron detector particle identification calibration simulation

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An algorithm to resolve γ-rays from charged cosmic rays with DAMPE

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第3期18卷 25-36页

作者： Zun-Lei Xu Kai-Kai Duan Zhao-Qiang Shen Shi-Jun Lei tie-kuang dong Fabio Gargano Simone Garrappa dong-Ya Guo Wei Jiang Xiang Li Yun-Feng Liang Mario Nicola Mazziotta Maria Fernanda Munoz Salinas Meng Su Valerio Vagelli Qiang Yuan Chuan Yue Jing-Jing Zang Ya-Peng Zhang Yun-Long Zhang Stephan Zimmer Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari I-70125 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universita degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics University of Geneva CH- 1211 Switzerland School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer（DAMPE）,also known as Wukong in China,which was launched on 2015 December 17,is a new high energy cosmic ray and γ-ray satellite-borne observatory.One of the main scientific goals of DAMPE is to observe Ge V-Te V high energy γ-rays with accurate energy,angular and time resolution,to indirectly search for dark matter particles and for the study of high energy astrophysics. Due to the comparatively higher fluxes of charged cosmic rays with respect to γ-rays,it is challenging to identify γ-rays with sufficiently high efficiency,minimizing the amount of charged cosmic ray contamination. In this work we present a method to identify γ-rays in DAMPE data based on Monte Carlo simulations,using the powerful electromagnetic/hadronic shower discrimination provided by the calorimeter and the veto detection of charged particles provided by the plastic scintillation detector. Monte Carlo simulations show that after this selection the number of electrons and protons that contaminate the selected γ-ray events at～10 Ge V amounts to less than 1% of the selected sample.Finally,we use flight data to verify the effectiveness of the method by highlighting known γ-ray sources in the sky and by reconstructing preliminary light curves of the Geminga pulsar.

关键词： gamma rays general - instrumentation detectors - methods data analysis

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Design and on-orbit status of the trigger system for the DAMPE mission

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第9期19卷 13-20页

作者： Yong-Qiang Zhang Jian-Hua Guo Yang Liu Chang-Qing Feng Yun-Long Zhang tie-kuang dong Jing-Jing Zang Chuan Yue Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE), the first Chinese astronomical satellite, was successfully launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 2015 Dec. 17. DAMPE consists of four subdetectors: Plastic Scintillator array Detector(PSD), Silicon-Tungsten tracKer-converter(STK), Bismuth Germanium Oxide(BGO) imaging calorimeter and NeUtron Detector(NUD). The global hardware trigger signal, which is generated by hits from the BGO calorimeter and the trigger logic board in the data acquisition system(DAQ), is responsible for event selection and DAQ synchronization of DAMPE. On orbit,to improve the detection efficiency, different trigger logics are used for event selection in different regions of latitude. The DAMPE trigger system compresses the average on-orbit trigger rate to 60 Hz and reduces science data mass to less than 13 GB per day to meet the requirement for the satellite’s data link. The whole trigger system has run stably up to now, ensuring excellent on-orbit operation of DAMPE.

关键词： Dark Matter instrumentation:detectors methods:data analysis

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Implications on the origin of cosmic rays in light of 10 TV spectral softenings

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第2期15卷 101-109,F0004页

作者： Cliuan Yue Peng-Xiong Ma Qiang Yuan Yi-Zhong Fan Zhan-Fang Chen Ming-Yang Cui Hao-Ting Dai tie-kuang dong Xiaoyuan Huang Wei Jiang Shi-Jun Lei Xiang Li Cheng-Ming Liu Hao Liu Yang Liu Chuan-Ning Luo Xu Pan Wen-Xi Peng Rui Qiao Yi-Feng Wei Li-Bo Wu Zhi-Hui Xu Zun-Lei Xu Guan-Wen Yuan Jing-Jing Zang Ya-Peng Zhang Yong-Jie Zhang Yun-Long Zhang Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210033China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modem Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Precise measurements of the energy spectra of cosmic rays(CRs)show various kinds of features deviating from single power-laws,which give very interesting and important implications on their origin and propagation.Previous measurements from a few balloon and space experiments indicate the existence of spectral softenings around 10 TV for protons(and probably also for Helium nuclei).Very recently,the DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE)measurement about the proton spectrum clearly reveals such a softening with a high significance.Here we study the implications of these new measurements,as well as the groundbased indirect measurements,on the origin of CRs.We find that a single component of CRs fails to fit the spectral softening and the air shower experiment data simultaneously.In the framework of multiple components,we discuss two possible scenarios,the multiple source population scenario and the background plus nearby source scenario.Both scenarios give reasonable fits to the wide-band data from TeV to 100 PeV energies.Considering the anisotropy observations,the nearby source model is favored.

关键词： cosmic rays

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A method for aligning the plastic scintillator detector on DAMPE

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第6期19卷 63-70页

作者： Peng-Xiong Ma Yong-Jie Zhang Ya-Peng Zhang Yao Li Jing-Jing Zang Xiang Li tie-kuang dong Yi-Zhong Fan Shi-Jun Lei Jian Wu Yu-Hong Yu Qiang Yuan Chuan Yue Zhi-Yu Sun Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Plastic Scintillator Detector(PSD) onboard the DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE)is designed to measure cosmic ray charge(Z) and to act as a veto detector for gamma ray identification.To fully exploit the charge identification potential of PSD and to enhance its capability to identify gamma ray events, we develop an alignment method for the PSD. The path length of a given track in the volume of a PSD bar is derived taking into account the shift and rotation alignment corrections. By examining energy spectra of corner-passing events and fully contained events, position shifts and rotations of all PSD bars are obtained, and are found to be on average about 1 mm and 0.0015 radian respectively. To validate the alignment method, we introduce artificial shifts and rotations of PSD bars into the detector simulation.These shift and rotation parameters can be recovered successfully by the alignment procedure. As a result of the PSD alignment procedure, the charge resolution of the PSD is improved from 4% to 8%, depending on the nuclei.

关键词： instrumentation detectors-methods data analysis

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Calibration of the DAMPE Plastic Scintillator Detector and its on-orbit performance

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第3期19卷 145-154页

作者： Meng Ding Ya-Peng Zhang Yong-Jie Zhang Yuan-Peng Wang tie-kuang dong Antonio De Benedittis Paolo Bernardini Fang Fang Yao Li Jie Liu Peng-Xiong Ma Zhi-Yu Sun Valentina Gallo Stefania Vitillo Zhao-Min Wang Yu-Hong Yu Chuan Yue Qiang Yuan Yong Zhou Yun-Long Zhang Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) - Sezione di Lecce Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E.De Giorgi Universit`a del Salento Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics University of Geneva Gran Sasso Science Institute INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE) is a space-borne apparatus for detecting the highenergy cosmic-ray-like electrons, γ-rays, protons and heavy ions. The Plastic Scintillator Detector(PSD)is the top-most sub-detector of the DAMPE. The PSD is designed to measure the charge of incident highenergy particles and it also serves as a veto detector for discriminating γ-rays from charged particles. In this paper, a PSD on-orbit calibration procedure is described, which includes the five steps of pedestal, dynode correlation, response to minimum-ionizing particles, light attenuation function and energy reconstruction.A method for reconstructing the charge of incident high energy cosmic-ray particles is introduced. The detection efficiency of each PSD strip is verified to be above 99.5%; the total efficiency of the PSD for charged particles is above 99.99%.

关键词： cosmic ray instrumentation: DAMPE charge measurement plastic scintillator detector calibration

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Accelerating Oxygen Electrocatalysis Kinetics on Metal-Organic Frameworks via Bond Length Optimization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 279-290页

作者： Fan He Yingnan Liu Xiaoxuan Yang Yaqi Chen Cheng‑Chieh Yang Chung‑Li dong Qinggang He Bin Yang Zhongjian Li Yongbo kuang Lecheng Lei Liming Dai Yang Hou Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000People’s Republic of China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China School of Biological and Chemical Engineering NingboTech UniversityNingbo 315100People’s Republic of China Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei 25137TaiwanPeople’s Republic of China Australian Carbon Materials Centre(A‑CMC) School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2051Australia

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been developed as an ideal platform for exploration of the relationship between intrinsic structure and catalytic activity,but the limited catalytic activity and stability has hampered their practical use in water splitting.Herein,we develop a bond length adjustment strategy for optimizing naphthalene-based MOFs that synthesized by acid etching Co-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid-based MOFs(donated as AE-CoNDA)to serve as efficient catalyst for water splitting.AE-CoNDA exhibits a low overpotential of 260 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(−2)and a small Tafel slope of 62 mV dec^(−1)with excellent stability over 100 h.After integrated AE-CoNDA onto BiVO_(4),photocurrent density of 4.3 mA cm^(−2)is achieved at 1.23 V.Experimental investigations demonstrate that the stretched Co-O bond length was found to optimize the orbitals hybridization of Co 3d and O 2p,which accounts for the fast kinetics and high activity.Theoretical calculations reveal that the stretched Co-O bond length strengthens the adsorption of oxygen-contained intermediates at the Co active sites for highly efficient water splitting.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Bond length adjustment Spin state transition Orbitals hybridization Water splitting

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Internal Polarization Field Induced Hydroxyl Spillover Effect for Industrial Water Splitting Electrolyzers

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 438-449页

作者： Jingyi Xie Fuli Wang Yanan Zhou Yiwen dong Yongming Chai Bin dong State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580People’s Republic of China

The formation of multiple oxygen intermediates supporting efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are affinitive with hydroxyl adsorption.However,ability of the catalyst to capture hydroxyl and maintain the continuous supply at active sits remains a tremendous challenge.Herein,an affordable Ni2P/FeP2 heterostructure is presented to form the internal polarization field(IPF),arising hydroxyl spillover(HOSo)during OER.Facilitated by IPF,the oriented HOSo from FeP2 to Ni2P can activate the Ni site with a new hydroxyl transmission channel and build the optimized reaction path of oxygen intermediates for lower adsorption energy,boosting the OER activity(242 mV vs.RHE at 100 mA cm-2)for least 100 h.More interestingly,for the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)with low concentration electrolyte,the advantage of HOSo effect is significantly amplified,delivering 1 A cm^(-2)at a low cell voltage of 1.88 V with excellent stability for over 50 h.

关键词： Hydroxyl spillover effect Internal polarization field Heterostructure Oxygen reduction reaction Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

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