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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 328-334页

作者： Yaoguang Li Dongyun Ma Dexiang Sun Chenyang Wang Jian Zhang Yingxin Xie tiancai guo Agronomy College National Engineering Research Center for Wheat Henan Agricultural University The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops Henan Agricultural University Institute of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of wheat variety, food processing, and milling method on antioxidant properties. Black wheat variety Heibaoshi 1 had the highest total phenolic content(659.8 μg gallic acid equivalents g-1), total flavonoid content(319.3 μg rutin equivalents g-1), and antioxidant activity, whereas light purple wheat variety Shandongzimai 1 had the lowest total flavonoid content(236.2 μg rutin equivalents g-1) and antioxidant activity. Whole wheat flour and partially debranned grain flour had significantly higher total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity than refined flour(P < 0.05). Compared with flour, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity decreased in noodles and steamed bread, whereas noodles had slightly higher total phenolic and flavonoid content than steamed bread. Antioxidant activities(by ferric reducing ability of plasma assay) of steamed bread made from whole wheat flour, partially debranned grain flour, and refined flour were 23.5%, 21.1%, and 31.6% lower, respectively, than the corresponding values of flour. These results suggested that black whole wheat flour and partially debranned grain flour are beneficial to human health.

关键词： Total phenolic content Total flavonoid content Milling method Antioxidant activity Colored wheat

Comparison of algorithms for monitoring wheat powdery mildew using multi-angular remote sensing data

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The Crop Journal 2022年第5期10卷 1312-1322页

作者： Li Song Luyuan Wang Zheqing Yang Li He Ziheng Feng Jianzhao Duan Wei Feng tiancai guo State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Agronomy CollegeHenan Agriculture UniversityZhengzhou 450046HenanChina Information and Management Science College Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046HenanChina CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046HenanChina

Powdery mildew is a disease that threatens wheat production and causes severe economic losses worldwide. Its timely diagnosis is imperative for preventing and controlling its spread. In this study, the multiangle canopy spectra and disease severity of wheat were investigated at several developmental stages and degrees of disease severity. Four wavelength variable-selected algorithms: successive projection(SPA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS), feature selection learning(Relief-F), and genetic algorithm(GA), were used to identify bands sensitive to powdery mildew. The wavelength variables selected were used as input variables for partial least squares(PLS), extreme learning machine(ELM), random forest(RF), and support vector machine(SVM) algorithms, to construct a suitable prediction model for powdery mildew. Spectral reflectance and conventional vegetation indices(VIs) displayed angle effects under several disease severity indices(DIs). The CARS method selected relatively few wavelength variables and showed a relatively homogeneous distribution across the 13 viewing zenith *** accuracies of the four modeling algorithms were ranked as follows: ELM(0.70–0.82) > PLS(0.63–0.79) > SVM(0.49–0.69) > RF(0.43–0.69). Combinations of features and algorithms generated varied accuracies, with coefficients of determination(R^(2)) single-peaked at different observation angles. The constructed CARS-ELM model extracted a predictable bivariate relationship between the multi-angle canopy spectrum and disease severity, yielding an R^(2)> 0.8 at each measured angle. Especially for larger angles,monitoring accuracies were increased relative to the optimal VI model(40% at-60°, 33% at +60°), indicating that the CARS-ELM model is suitable for extreme angles of-60° and +60°. The results are proposed to provide a technical basis for rapid and large-scale monitoring of wheat powdery mildew.

关键词： Characteristic wavelength selection Estimation model Machine learning Multi-angular remote sensing Wheat powdery mildew

Accumulation of glycolipids in wheat grain and their role in hardness during grain development

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 19-29页

作者： Haixia Qin Dongyun Ma Xin Huang Jie Zhang Wan Sun Gege Hou Chenyang Wang tiancai guo National Engineering Research Center for Wheat College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Henan Agricultural University College of Food Science and Technology Henan University of Technology

Grain hardness is an important parameter for wheat quality. To understand the role of glycolipids in the formation of grain hardness, the glycolipid contents in wholegrain wheat flour and the starch granule surfaces of oven-dried and freeze-dried hard and soft wheat grain were analyzed. Changes in endosperm structure and amyloplast membrane integrity during grain development were also examined by electron microscopy. The monogalactosyldigylcerol(MGDG) and digalactosyldigylcerol(DGDG) contents of the starch surface were significantly higher in soft wheat than in hard wheat, regardless of the drying method or developmental stage. Throughout grain development, MGDG content was significantly higher in the starch surface of freeze-dried hard wheat than in the starch surface of oven-dried hard wheat. In contrast, the MGDG content of the starch surface was significantly higher in freeze-dried soft grain at 14 and 35 days after anthesis. No significant difference was observed in puroindoline protein(PIN) accumulation in wholegrain flour from wheat that was dried using the two methods, whereas PIN accumulation on the starch surface of freeze-dried grain was lower than that on the starch surface of oven-dried *** gap between the amyloplast membrane and starch granules was larger in hard wheat than in soft wheat, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. For the same wheat cultivar, this gap was larger for oven-dried than for freeze-dried grain. The content of polar lipids in the starch surface was closely related to grain hardness, and the breakdown of the amyloplast membrane may determine the location of polar lipids on the starch surface.

关键词： Amyloplast membrane Endosperm microstructure Grain hardness Polar lipid Wheat

Diurnal Changes in the Transcription Profiles of Genes Encoding Starch Synthesis-related Enzymes in Wheat Grains under Field Conditions

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第4期18卷 565-569,574页

作者： Lina WANG Qiaoxia HAN Xianghong XIAO tiancai guo guozhang KANG National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China

[Objective] During the filling stage of plant growth and development, storage starch is diurnally synthesized and accumulated in the grains from cereal crops, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. [Method] In this study, grains from the bread wheat cultivar Zhoumai 18 grown in fields were harvested at 15 d after anthesis, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) was used to measure the transcriptional levels of 26 genes encoding starch synthesis-related enzymes at 2 h intervals throughout a diurnal cycle. [Result] Our findings indicated that storage starch was persistently synthesized in wheat grains throughout a 24 h period. The diurnal patterns of the transcriptional levels of 26 genes in wheat grains were classified into two groups. The 13 genes in Group 1 were temporally and highly expressed in wheat grains,and their encoded proteins could play crucial roles in starch synthesis. The other 13 genes in Group 2 were characterized by low or no transcription in wheat grains throughout a diurnal cycle, suggesting their function in the synthesis or degradation of transitory starches in wheat grains. [Conclusion] These results provide information on the molecular mechanism of storage starch synthesis in higher plants.

关键词： Diurnal change Gene expression Starch synthesis Transcriptional level Triticum aestivum L.

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台湾中小学教科书开放政策回顾与前瞻

教育学术月刊 2016年第1期 90-98页

作者：郭添财台湾首府大学教育所

台湾中小学教科书开放政策已实施多年,但有关民间编本教科书的编辑、审查、选用、供给、使用、修订与评鉴皆出现不少的纷争与困境,甚至有要求恢复过往全面使用政府编本教科书之议。此举却也刺激了台湾蓝绿、统独的敏感神经,引发一纲多... 详细信息

台湾中小学教科书开放政策已实施多年,但有关民间编本教科书的编辑、审查、选用、供给、使用、修订与评鉴皆出现不少的纷争与困境,甚至有要求恢复过往全面使用政府编本教科书之议。此举却也刺激了台湾蓝绿、统独的敏感神经,引发一纲多本政策批判的论战。有鉴于此,台湾中小学教科书开放政策所产生的诸多问题实在值得深入分析和探究改进。为了改善目前台湾中小学教科书开放政策的问题,并且促进教科书良性且长远地发展。本文提出台湾中小学教科书未来应重视课程元素之间的逻辑关系,兼顾知识与心理组织,以教科书发展取代教科书编辑,政府编本与民间编本并行,提倡教科书借阅循环风气,教科书客制化,积极研发E化教科书和建立教科书评鉴、选择的专业化制度等建议。

关键词：教科书政策一纲多本教科书客制化教科书借阅循环制度

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小麦赤霉病抗性的遗传分析

河南农业大学学报 1989年第1期23卷 40-47页

作者：郭天财河南农业大学农学系

本试验用苏麦3号等6个小麦品种的6×6双列杂交F_1,进行了赤霉病病小穗率的配合力分析和Wr/Vr 分析,估算了遗传力等参数,并计算了病小穗率与株高、开花期、小穗密度、穗长、百粒重、穗粒数和穗粒重之间的表现型、基因型和环境相关系数.... 详细信息

本试验用苏麦3号等6个小麦品种的6×6双列杂交F_1,进行了赤霉病病小穗率的配合力分析和Wr/Vr 分析,估算了遗传力等参数,并计算了病小穗率与株高、开花期、小穗密度、穗长、百粒重、穗粒数和穗粒重之间的表现型、基因型和环境相关系数.结果表明,小麦赤霉病抗性主要受加性基因效应控制,非加性基因效应也有显著作用,且抗病对感病为部分显性.苏麦3号具有较多的显性抗病基因和较好的一般配合力,它与其它品种杂交能极显著地降低杂种后代的病小穗率.杂种F_1赤霉病病小穗率与株高、穗长、百粒重、穗粒数和穗粒重的表现型和基因型呈极显著负相关;与开花期和小穗密度的表现型和基因型呈极显著和不显著的正相关.

关键词：赤霉病遗传基因加性效应配合力

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利用红边特征参数监测小麦叶片氮素积累状况

农业工程学报 2009年第11期25卷 194-201页

作者：冯伟朱艳姚霞田永超郭天财曹卫星南京农业大学江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室南京210095 河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心郑州450002

以不同类型小麦品种在氮素差异梯度下连续3a田间试验为基础,在关键生育时期同步测定冠层光谱反射率、叶片干物质量及氮含量,探索建立小麦叶片氮素状况估算的新型红边参数及监测模型。结果表明,冠层微分光谱在红边区域内随氮素水平提高... 详细信息

以不同类型小麦品种在氮素差异梯度下连续3a田间试验为基础,在关键生育时期同步测定冠层光谱反射率、叶片干物质量及氮含量,探索建立小麦叶片氮素状况估算的新型红边参数及监测模型。结果表明,冠层微分光谱在红边区域内随氮素水平提高呈明显规律性变化,而原始光谱反射率的变化却较为复杂。与叶片氮积累量关系密切的常见红边参数间存在差异,其中,以GM2、SR705和FD742表现最突出,线性回归模型拟合精度(R2)分别为0.854、0.848和0.873,估计标准误差(SE)分别为1.136、1.160和1.059。基于红边双峰特征分析,构建新型红边双峰特征参数,其中,红边左偏峰面积LSDr_REPLE对叶片氮积累量方程拟合取得很好效果,决定系数和估计标准误差分别为0.869和1.080。经不同年际独立数据的检验表明,以GM2、SR705和FD742为变量,模型预测平均相对误差(RE)分别为17.6%、17.0%和14.9%,而红边左偏峰面积LSDr_REPLE模型预测误差控制得更好,平均相对误差RE为14.5%。以上表明,红边参数GM2、SR705和FD742可以对小麦叶片氮素状况进行有效监测,而红边左偏峰面积LSDr_REPLE模型预测更为准确可靠。

关键词：监测模型光谱分析小麦红边特征参数叶片氮积累量

白粉病胁迫下小麦冠层叶绿素密度的高光谱估测

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农业工程学报 2013年第13期29卷 114-123页

作者：冯伟王晓宇宋晓贺利王晨阳郭天财河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心郑州450002

为了明确病害胁迫下作物生长特征及其危害程度,基于大田小区和盆栽小麦白粉病接种试验,在病害胁迫下不同生育时期测定群体光谱及叶绿素密度。综合分析群体光谱反射率、一阶微分及传统光谱特征参数与冠层叶绿素密度间关系,建立病害叶绿... 详细信息

为了明确病害胁迫下作物生长特征及其危害程度,基于大田小区和盆栽小麦白粉病接种试验,在病害胁迫下不同生育时期测定群体光谱及叶绿素密度。综合分析群体光谱反射率、一阶微分及传统光谱特征参数与冠层叶绿素密度间关系,建立病害叶绿素密度估算模型并检验。结果表明,随病情指数增加,叶绿素含量下降,不同感性品种均如此,对白粉病易感品种的危害较重。病害冠层叶绿素密度与红光600～630nm和红边690～718nm的反射率及红边长波段(718～756nm)的一阶微分间相关性最显著。在传统植被指数中,以SDr/SDb和VOG3为变量的估测模型拟合精度较高,决定系数R2分别为0.752和0.723,模型检验相对误差(RE)最小,RE分别为18.0%和18.6%。利用红边区域(680～760nm)波段差异特性,选取680、718和756nm波段新建红边角度指数(REAI),较传统植被指数的模型拟合精度更高,归一化角度指数NDAI(α,β)和比值角度指数RAI(α,β)的R2分别为0.783和0.776,模型检验误差更小,RE分别为16.8%和17.5%。因此,NDAI(α,β)是估测病害小麦冠层叶绿素密度的可靠指标,对利用该模型监测小麦光合潜力和病害影响评价具有积极意义。

关键词：光谱分析叶绿素模型估测白粉病胁迫冬小麦

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一种基于全真空技术的光弹性模型制作方法

真空科学与技术学报 2016年第10期36卷 1210-1214页

作者：郭天才梅庆徐友良廖学军中国航空动力机械研究所株洲412002 航空发动机振动技术航空科技重点实验室株洲412002

针对传统光弹性模型制作方法的自动化程度低、周期长、不环保以及一次成功率低等问题,提出了一种基于全真空浇注技术的光弹性模型制作新方法。它利用激光快速成型技术、全真空硅橡胶模型浇注技术、全真空密封技术和光弹性模型的真空浇... 详细信息

针对传统光弹性模型制作方法的自动化程度低、周期长、不环保以及一次成功率低等问题,提出了一种基于全真空浇注技术的光弹性模型制作新方法。它利用激光快速成型技术、全真空硅橡胶模型浇注技术、全真空密封技术和光弹性模型的真空浇注工艺等行业内外的先进技术对传统方法进行全面革新,在原有技术基础上取得了显著进步。新方法具有快速化、自动化和绿色环保的特点。全真空浇注技术贯穿新方法的主要环节,提高了光弹性模型的质量,初始应力比传统方法降低50%以上,成型周期比传统方法减少约三分之二。实践表明:新方法制作模型自动化程度高、周期短、环保并且能一次成功,制作的模型适用于航空发动机核心机和技术验证机阶段的光弹性试验研究。

关键词：全真空浇注快速成型航空发动机模型光弹性

灌浆前期高温和干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和氮代谢关键酶活性的影响

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生态学报 2014年第13期34卷 3612-3619页

作者：卢红芳王晨阳郭天财尹云星河南农业大学农学院郑州450002 国家小麦工程技术研究中心郑州450002

为探讨花后逆境胁迫影响小麦籽粒氮代谢及蛋白质合成的生理机制,采用盆栽和人工气候室模拟花后高温的方式,研究了灌浆前期短暂高温和干旱胁迫对两个不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量、组分及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活... 详细信息

为探讨花后逆境胁迫影响小麦籽粒氮代谢及蛋白质合成的生理机制,采用盆栽和人工气候室模拟花后高温的方式,研究了灌浆前期短暂高温和干旱胁迫对两个不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量、组分及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性的影响。结果表明,灌浆前期高温、干旱及其复合胁迫均显著提高两品种籽粒蛋白质及组分含量,但降低谷/醇比。逆境胁迫使蛋白质积累量和粒重显著下降,其中高温处理使两品种蛋白质产量分别下降20.7%和12.4%,粒重下降23.2%和24.0%;干旱胁迫使两品种蛋白质产量分别下降16.2%和11.9%,粒重下降18.0%和16.0%;复合胁迫使两品种蛋白质产量分别下降26.1%和15.8%,粒重下降29.9%和28.9%。高温、干旱及其复合胁迫下两品种籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性升高。花后8,17,23,29 d的GS活性和花后11,17 d的GPT活性与蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关,花后23,35 d的GS和花后8,17,23 d的GPT活性与蛋白质产量呈显著或极显著负相关,花后8,17,23,29,35 d的GS和花后8,11,17,23 d的GPT活性与籽粒产量呈显著或极显著负相关。试验条件下,高温处理对籽粒蛋白质合成的影响大于干旱胁迫,二者具有叠加效应,强筋小麦品种郑麦366受逆境胁迫的影响较大。

关键词：小麦蛋白质酶高温干旱