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How far have we come?Review of main public policies to reduce landslide impacts in Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2891-2904页

作者： Bianca Carvalho VIEIRA tiago Damas MARTInS Telma Mendes da silva JoséEduardo BOnInI Department of Geography University of São PauloAvenida Professor Lineu Prestes 05508-000Brazil Cities Institute Federal University of São PauloAvenida Jacu-Pêssego 08260-001Brazil Department of Geography Federal University of Rio de JaneiroAvenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 21941-916Brazil

During the rainy season in Brazil,landslides can have catastrophic consequences,including loss of life,damage to urban infrastructure and significant economic ***,more than eight million people in Brazil live in disaster-prone *** objective of this article is to present a chronological review of the principal policies and programmes at the national,state,and municipal levels,with an emphasis on their key actions aimed at mitigating the impact of disasters related to natural hazards,particularly *** analysis was based on official records of public policies from the national,state,and municipal *** results show that several initiatives were initially developed at the local and regional ***,it was not until the late 1980s that a comprehensive organisation of civil protection at the national level emerged as a response *** is possible to highlight three phases(understanding,coexistence,and prevention)of institutional action focused on risk management in the face of *** the growing knowledge of risk scenarios,disasters continue to occur in Brazil on an annual basis,revealing several obstacles to reducing their impact,particularly given the social and economic disparities between Brazilian regions and the applicability of public policies that must overcome the limitations of each municipality.

关键词： Disasters Risk Mitigation Prevention Legislation Civil Defense natural Hazards

Accuracy of tree mapping based on hand-held laser scanning comparing leaf-on and leaf-off conditions in mixed forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 14-25页

作者： Frederico Tupinambá-Simões Adrián Pascual Juan Guerra-Hernández Cristóbal Ordóñez tiago de Conto Felipe Bravo iuFOR Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid&INIAValladolidSpain Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Forest Research Centre School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonTapada da Ajuda1349‑017 LisbonPortugal

The use of mobile laser scanning to survey forest ecosystems is a promising,scalable technology to describe forest 3D structures at high *** confirm the con-sistency in the retrieval of forest structural parameters using hand-held laser scanning(HLS),before operationalizing the method,confirming the data is *** analyzed the per-formance of tree-level mapping based on HLS under differ-ent phenology conditions on a mixed forest in western Spain comprising Pinus pinaster and two deciduous species,Alnus glutinosa and Quercus *** area was surveyed twice during the growing season(July 2022)and once in the deciduous season(February 2022)using several scan-ning *** reference data(418 trees,15 snags)was used to calibrate the HLS data and to assess the influence of phenology when converting 3D data into tree-level attrib-utes(DBH,height and volume).The HLS-based workflow was robust at isolating tree positions and recognizing stems despite changes in ***-six percent of all pairs matched below 65 *** DBH,phenology barely altered *** observed a strong agreement when comparing HLS-based tree height *** values exceeded 2 m when comparing height measurements,confirming height data should be carefully used as reference in remote sensing-based inventories,especially for deciduous *** volume was more precise for pines(r=0.95,and rela-tive RMSE=21.3–23.8%)compared to deciduous species(r=0.91–0.96,and relative RMSE=27.3–30.5%).HLS data and the forest structural complexity tool performed remark-ably,especially in tree positioning considering mixed forests and mixed phenology conditions.

关键词： Precision forestry Forest monitoring Mobile laser scanning Forest inventory

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroprotection by oligopeptides from snake venoms

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BIOCELL 2024年第6期48卷 897-904页

作者： CARLOS ALBERTO-silva BREnDA RUFInO DA silva natural and Humanities Sciences Center Experimental Morphophysiology LaboratoryFederal University of ABC(UFABC)São Bernardo do CampoSão PauloBrazil

Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological proﬁles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic *** review speciﬁcally examines the fundamental elements of neuroprotection offered by different oligopeptides derived from snake *** also includes a brief evaluation of short peptides that are being considered as potential therapeutic ***-rich peptides and tryptophyllin family peptides isolated from the crude venom of Viperidae family snakes,speciﬁcally Bothrops atrox,Bothrops jararaca,and Bothrops moojeni,have been shown to have pro-survival properties,the ability to reduce oxidative stress,and the ability to promote cell viability and mitochondrial *** signiﬁcant mechanisms are related to the neuroprotection mediated by snake venom oligopeptides:(1)Activation of the L-arginine metabolite pathway,such as polyamines from ornithine metabolism,which reduces n-methyl-D-aspartate(nMDA)-type glutamate receptor activity;(2)Enhancement of cell viability by activating the nerve growth factor-signaling pathway;and(3)Activation of the Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1(mAChR-M1).These small peptides show promise as neuroprotective agents against a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： neuroprotective peptides neurodegenerative disease Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species Biopeptides

Plant community on a volcano mountaintop reveals unique high-altitude vegetation in southeastern Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3018-3030页

作者： Igor Musauer KESSOUS Ruy JoséValka ALVES nílber Gonçalves da silva Amilcar Walter SAPORETTI JUnIOR Biodiversity Laboratory Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of Southern Minas Gerais(IFSULDEMINAS)Av.Dirce Pereira Rosa300-Jardim Esperança37713-100Poços de CaldasMGBrazil Department of Botany National MuseumFederal University of Rio de JaneiroQuinta da Boa Vista s.n.São Cristóvão20949-040Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22BSE 41319GothenburgSweden

Mountains exhibit a high degree of endemism and diversity,however,quantifying their biodiversity can be *** to islands,species isolation in mountainous regions results in comparable patterns of evolution and extinction,rendering their biodiversity unique and highly susceptible to anthropogenic *** topographic relief in mountains plays a crucial role in creating habitat complexity,which in turn contribute to high plant ***,we investigated plant diversity in the volcano mountaintop vegetation on the Poços de Caldas Plateau,a region situated in the ecotone between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado,characterized by natural radiation and significant anthropogenic *** employed an automated approach through the filtering of georeferenced and non-georeferenced data to obtain a list of plant species in the ***,we statistically investigated the similarity among different high-altitude vegetations belonging to the campos de altitude from the Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres from the *** plateau exhibits high plant diversity,including 1,659 specific and infraspecific taxa,especially belonging to Asteraceae and *** analyses suggest that geographical distance is a strong predictor of dissimilarity and that the Poços de Caldas Plateau is more floristically related to the campos rupestres,despite being associated with campos de *** region possesses a unique set of biodiversity,indicating that it may be a distinct ***,we hypothesize that Pleistocene events likely influenced the conformation of the current floristic composition in the region through species interchange between the Cerrado and Atlantic *** study also highlights the few taxa assessed for conservation status and anthropogenic threats that this habitat is facing.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Biogeography Cerrado Community ecology Grassland

Breaking paradigms: Long non-coding RnAs forming gene fusions with potential implications in cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 311-323页

作者： David Sanchez-Marin Macrina Beatriz silva-Cazares Fany Iris Porras-Reyes Rebeca Garcia-Roman Alma D.Campos-Parra Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad de MexicoC.P.04360Mexico Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Region Altiplano Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potost(UASLP)Carretera a Cedral Km 5+600Ejido San Jose de la TrojesMatehualaSan Luis PotosiC.P.78760Mexico Servicio de Anatomia Patologica Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCan)Nino JesuisTlalpanCiudaddeMexicoC.P.14080Mexico Instituto de Salud Publica Universidad Veracruzana(UV)Av.Dr LuisDr.Castelazo Ayala s/nCol.Industrial AnimasXalapaVeracruzC.P.91190Mexico

Long non-coding RnAs(lncRnAs)are non-coding RnAs longer than 200 nucleotides with dynamic regulatory *** interact with a wide range of molecules such as DnA,RnA,and proteins to modulate diverse cellular functions through several mechanisms and,if deregulated,they can lead to cancer development and ***,it has been described that IncRnAs are susceptible to form gene fusions with mRnAs or other IncRnAs,breaking the paradigm of gene fusions consisting mainly of protein-coding ***,their biological significance in the tumor phenotype is still ***,their recent identification opens a new line of research to study their biological role in tumor-igenesis,and their potential as biomarkers with clinical relevance or as therapeutic *** present study aimed to review the IncRnA fusions identified so far and to know which of them have been associated with a potential *** address the current challenges to deepen their study as well as the reasons why they represent a future therapeutic window incancer.

关键词： Cancer Genefusions IncRnAs ncRnAs Therapy

Supercritical fluid technology as a sustainable alternative method for textile dyeing:An approach on waste,energy,and CO_(2)emission reduction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 123-145页

作者： Carlos Rafael silva de Oliveira Patrícia Viera de Oliveira Leandro Pellenz Catia Rosana Lange de Aguiar Afonso Henrique da silva Júnior Federal University of Santa Catarina Textile Engineering Department2514 João Pessoa St.BlumenauSC89036-004Brazil Federal University of Santa Catarina Chemical Engineering DepartmentS/n Biotério Central St.FlorianópolisSC88040-900Brazil

The clothing industry is considered one of the most polluting industries on the planet due to the high consumption of water,energy,chemicals/dyes,and high generation of solid waste and *** with environmental concerns,the textile ennoblement sector is the most critical of the textile production chain,especially the traditional dyeing *** an alternative to current problems,dyeing with supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))has been presented as a clean and efficient process for a sustainable textile *** fluid dyeing(SFD)has shown a growing interest due to its significant impact on environmental preservation and social,economic,and financial *** main SFD benefits include economy and reuse of non-adsorbed dyes;reduction of process time and energy expenditure;capture of atmospheric CO_(2)(greenhouse gas);use and recycling of CO_(2)in SFD;generation of carbon credits;water-free process;effluent-free process;reduction of CO_(2)emission and auxiliary *** being still a non-scalable and evolving technology,SFD is the future of *** review presented a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts caused by traditional processes and confronted the advantages of *** SFD technique was introduced,along with its latest advances and future *** and environmental gains were also discussed.

关键词： Textile industry Supercritical dyeing Sustainable processes Water free dyeing Energy saving Cleaner production

Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhombohedral ZrO_(2) Thin Films

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero Lenzi José P.B.silva Břetislav Šmíd Vladimir Matoín Cosmin M.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Judith L.MacManus-Driscoll Luís Marques Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities(CF-UM-UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic national Institute of Materials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhombohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhombic ***,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhombohedral films is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experimental and theoretical *** this work,in rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films before and after an annealing at moderate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experimental work is supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhombohedral phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the importance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhombohedral phase stability zirconia

Best management practices to reduce soil erosion and change water balance components in watersheds under grain and dairy production

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 121-136页

作者： Thais Palumbo silva Danielle Bressiani Éderson Diniz Ebling JoséMiguel Reichert Soil Science of Federal University of Santa Maria Roraima Avenuenumber 1000CEP:97.105-900Santa MariaRio Grande do SulBrazil Technological Development Center Federal University of PelotasGomes Carneiro Streetnumber 1CEP:96010-610PelotasRio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Soil Federal University of Santa MariaCampus Universitário s/nCEP 97.105-900Santa MariaRio Grande do SulBrazil

Soil erosion and sedimentation are among the most serious global environmental *** and water conservation measures have been proven effective ways to reduce soil *** objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of three approaches of soil and water conservation measures(soil management,vegetative measures,and structural practices)on soil erosion and water balance of two paired agricultural watersheds located in Southern *** and sediment monitoring was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in the two small paired agricultural watersheds;called north watershed(nW)and South watershed(SW).Modeling using Soil&Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)was performed to simulate individual(nine scenarios)and combined(four scenarios)best management practices(BMPs),by including the three *** the nine individual BMP scenarios,the most effective in reducing soil erosion was crop rotation and cover crop(sediment yield,SY,reduction of 38.4 for nW,and 28.8%for SW).Among the four combined scenarios,the association of all conservation approaches was the most effective in reducing soil erosion(SY reduction of 46 for nW,and 41.5%for SW),followed by the vegetative measures scenario(SY reduction of 43.5 and 34.1%for nW and SW).All combined scenarios increased infiltration and subsurface water components,and decreased surface *** findings of this study can help farmers and policymakers choosing appropriate BMPs to reduce current soil erosion problems and promote water and soil conservation.

关键词： Agricultural hydrology Conservation measures SWAT Subtropical watersheds

Evolution, divergence, and convergence in the mandibles of opossums (Didelphidae, Didelphimorphia)

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 488-504页

作者： Franciscodas Chagas silva-neto Silvia E.Pavan Diego Astua Laboratorio de Mastozoologia Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco.Av.Prof.Moraes Regos.n.Cidade Universitaria.50670-901RecifePEBrazil Department of Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic UniversityHumboldt1Harpst StreetArcataCA95521USA

Didelphid marsupials are considered a morphologically unspecialized group with a generalist diet that includes vertebrates,invertebrates,and plant *** cranium and scapula variation has alreadybeen examined within Didelphidae,variation inmandible shape,usually associated with diet or phylogeny in other mammalian groups,has not yet been properly assessed in the *** evaluated the variation in mandible shape and size of didelphids(2470 specimens belonging to 94 species)using 2D geometric *** classified the diet of the didel-phids into four broad categories to assess whether morphospace ordination relates to dietary *** also provided the most comprehensive phylogeny for the family(i23 out of the 126 living species)using 10 nuclear and mitochondrial *** then mapped mandible size and shape onto that phylogeny for 93 selected taxa and ancestral size and shapes were reconstructed by *** found phylogenetically structured variation in mandible morphology between didelphid groups,and our results indicate that they have a significant phylogenetic *** main axis of shape variation is poorly related to size,but the second is strongly allometric,indicating that allometry is not the main factor in shaping morphological diversity on their *** results indicate that the shape and size of the ancestral mandible of didelphids would be similar to that of the current species of the genus Marmosa.

关键词： mandible Didelphimorphia morphological evolution allometry phylogeny diet.