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颈动脉内膜剥离术

国际神经病学神经外科学杂志 1984年第4期 186-188页

作者： Thompson J e 江基尧

1951年CarTea等首次采用颈动脉重建术治疗脑中风.1954年eastcott等采用冰袋低温、病变颈动脉切除加颈总动脉与颈内动脉端一端吻合术,对脑供血不足疾病的颈动脉外科治疗起了很大促进作用.30年来,颈动脉内膜剥离术在美国已成为最常用的外周

关键词：颈动脉内膜冠状动脉搭桥 tia 死亡率病人剥离术脑中风

Influence of Aluminum Content in γ-tial with L1_0 Structure during Ordering Processes

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Rare Metals 2001年第4期20卷 230-235页

作者： Timothée Nsongot1,2 Xiaodong Ni1,3 Guoliang Chen1, Keh-Minn Chang4 1) State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) Faculty of Science, P. 0. Box 69, Brazzaville, Congo 北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室北京 100083 West-Virginia University 美国

Based on eAM (embedded atom method) interatomic potential, the effect of aluminum content on the type of order-disorder transformation (ODT) and the structure properties (lattice constants, volume, c/a ratio and configu- ration energy) during ordering processes was investigated for γ-tiaI based alloys. Results show that for the alloys with lower than 50%Al (all composition is in atom number fraction), the ODT is the first order transition, and the second order transition for the alloys with equal or higher than 50% Al. The increase of aluminum content results in the critical temperature increasing. The aluminum content has a very little effect on the lattice constants, the volume and the c/a ratio, but has a significant effect on the configuration energy. A metastable disordered state was found for the alloys with less than 50%Al.

关键词： tia1 order-disorder transformation long-range order

Muraglitazar对2型糖尿病患者死亡和主要不良心血管事件的影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 3-4页

作者： Nissen S.e Wolski K Topol e.J. 任付先 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation 9500 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44195 United StatesDr.

Context: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors that modulate gene expression. Therapeutic agents targeting 2 distinct families of PPARs(α and γ ) have been introduced in the United States. The first dual-PPAR agonist, muraglitazar, was reviewed by a US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) advisory committee on September 9, 2005, resulting in a vote of 8:1 recommending approval for its use in controlling blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of death, myocardial infarction(MI), stroke, congestive heart failure(CHF), and transient ischemic attack(tia) in diabetic patients treated with muraglitazar compared with controls. Design, Setting, and Participants: The source material for this analysis consisted of documents about phase 2 and 3 clinical trials released under public disclosure laws for the FDA advisory committee meeting. All reviewed trials were prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter studies enrolling patients with type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c levels between 7% and 10% . Patients(N=3725) were randomized to receive differing doses of muraglitazar, pioglitazone, or placebo as monotherapy or in combination with metformin or glyburide in trials ranging from 24 to 104 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. A more comprehensive composite outcome included these events plus the incidence of CHF and tia. Results: In the muraglitazar-treated patients, death, MI, or stroke occurred in 35 of 2374(1.47% )patients compared with 9 of 1351(0.67% ) patients in the combined placebo and pioglitazone treatment groups(controls)(relative risk[RR], 2.23; 95% confidence interval[CI], 1.07- 4.66; P=.03). For the more comprehensive outcome measure that included tia and CHF, the incidence was 50 of 2374(2.11% ) for muraglitazar compared with 11 of 1351(0.81% ) for controls(RR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.36- 5.05;

关键词： 2型糖尿病患者不良心血管事件美国食品及药品管理局过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 PPAR激动剂短暂性缺血发作充血性心力衰竭顾问委员会调节基因表达核转录因子

α1-ADReNOCePTOR ANTAGONISM BY THe CONOPePTIDe γ-tia

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α1-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISM BY THE CONOPEPTIDE γ-TIA

The 15th World Congress of Pharmacology

作者： D.e.Croker I.A. Sharpe e. Palant G.Rogge C.Hague B.Colless P.F.Alewood K.P.Minneman R.J. Lewis Xenome Ltd. Indooroopilly QLD Australia Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD Australia Xenome Ltd. Indooroopilly QLD Australia Department of Pharmacology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA Department of Pharmacology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA Xenome Ltd. Indooroopilly QLD Australia Xenome Ltd. Indooroopilly QLD Australia Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia Department of Pharmacology Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGeorgiaUSA Xenome Ltd. Indooroopilly QLD Australia Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia

＜正＞Cone snails use venom containing a cocktail of peptides known as conopeptides to capture their prey. A peptide, called γ-tia, contained in the venom of the predatory marine snail Conus tulipa, has previously been shown to act as a reversible non-competitive antagonist at the α1B-adrenoceptor （α1B-AR）1. In the isolated rat vas deferens,γ -tia inhibited α1-adrenoceptor mediated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration that were triggered by norepin-ephrine, but did not affect presynaptic α2-adrenoceptor mediated responses. In radioligand binding assays, γ-tia was 10-fold selective for human α1B- over α1A- or α1D-AR subtypes. γ-tia decreased the number of binding sites （Bmax） for α1B-AR without changing affinity （KD）, and this inhibition was unaffected by incubation time but reversed by washing. Moreover, although γ-tia did not affect the rate of association for binding to the α1B-AR, the dissociation rate was increased, also indicating non-competitive antagonism by γ-tia. However, γ-tia had the opposite effect at the α1A- and α1D-ARs, decreasing KD without affecting Bmax, indicating competitive inhibition at these receptors. N-terminally truncated analogues of γ-tia were less active than the full-length peptide. An alanine scan of γ-tia revealed that the isoleucine-8 to alanine change had a slightly reduced potency at α1B-AR and was also found to be a competitive inhibitor at the receptor. In summary, γ-tia non-competitively inhibits the α1B-AR but competitively inhibits both α1A- and α1D-ARs. Isoleucine-8 is critical for the activity and pharmacology displayed at the αB-AR. This selectivity may allow for the development of inhibitors that are highly subtype selective for the α1-ARs.

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黄河流域历史文化古村的生态智慧探析

生态经济 2013年第4期29卷 178-180页

作者：李仙娥马晶西安建筑科技大学陕西西安710055

黄河流域历史文化古村落是黄河流域文明的重要内容,是生活聚居在这一区域先人们智慧的结晶,它蕴涵着丰富的生态文化理念和营造智慧。文章主要在对黄河流域晋陕两省的相关历史文化古村进行实地考察的基础上,从古村落规划、建筑、信仰等... 详细信息

黄河流域历史文化古村落是黄河流域文明的重要内容,是生活聚居在这一区域先人们智慧的结晶,它蕴涵着丰富的生态文化理念和营造智慧。文章主要在对黄河流域晋陕两省的相关历史文化古村进行实地考察的基础上,从古村落规划、建筑、信仰等方面探析历史文化古村落反映出的生态文化取向和生态智慧,进而梳理出黄河流域历史文化古村落的生态文化理念,以期对黄河流域新农村人居环境建设有所启迪。

关键词：黄河流域历史文化古村生态智慧

罹患冠状动脉疾病的绝经后女性其空腹血糖异常与心血管疾病预后之间的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 17-18页

作者： Kanaya A. M. Herrington D. Vittinghoff e. 杜媛 Women' s Health Clinical Research Center 1635 Divisadero Street San Francisco CA 94115 United States

Type 2 diabetes increases risk for cardiovascular disease. Persons with impaired fasting glucose levels may also have increased risk. Abstract: To evaluate the association between glucose status and cardiovascular outcomes and the effect of lowering the fasting glucose level criterion for impaired fasting glucose from a lower limit of 6.1 mmol/L(110 mg/dL) to 5.6 mmol/L(100 mg/dL). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 20 U.S. clinical centers. Patients: 2763 postmenopausal women with established coronary heart disease(CHD)who were followed for 6.8 years. Measurements: Any CHD event(nonfatal myocardial infarction or CHD death), stroke or transient ischemic attack(tia), congestive heart failure(CHF) hospitalization, and any cardiovascular event. Results: During follow- up, 583 women had a CHD event, 329 women had a stroke or tia, and 348 women were hospitalized for CHF. Women with diabetes were at an approximately 75% increased risk for each outcome compared with normoglycemic women. The 218 women with impaired fasting glucose according to the 1997 definition(fasting glucose level, 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L[110 to 125 mg/dL]) had increased risk for any CHD event(hazard ratio, 1.37[95% CI, 1.08 to 1.74]), while the 698 women with impaired fasting glucose according to the 2003 definition(fasting glucose level, 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L[100 to 125 mg/dL]) were not at increased risk(hazard ratio, 1.09[CI, 0.90 to 1.34]). Most of the women(n=480) with fasting glucose levels between 5.6 mmol/L(100 mg/dL) and 6.0 mmol/L(109 mg/dL) had no increased risk for CHD(hazard ratio, 0.90[CI, 0.73 to 1.12]). Women with impaired fasting glucose according to either definition were not at increased risk for stroke or tia or CHF. Limitations: These findings may not be generalizable to men or women without existing heart disease. Conclusions: Among postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, the 2003 definition for impaired fasting glucose was not associated with increased risk for new CHD, s

关键词：空腹血糖异常疾病预后空腹血糖水平非致死性心血管事件充血性心衰临床中心前瞻性队列研究水平标准外推

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房颤患者的卒中前痴呆:发病率和相关因素

世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 30-31页

作者： Lefebvre C Deplanque D Touzé e. D. Leys 刘凯 Dept. of Neurology University of Lille Roger Salengro Hospital 59037 Lille FranceDr.

Background and purpose: Prestroke dementia is frequent but usually not identified. Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)is independently associated with an increased risk for dementia. However, the frequency and determinants of prestroke dementia in patients with NVAF have never been evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of prestroke dementia and associated factors in patients with a previously known NVAF. Methods: This is an ancillary study of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation ensemble II (SAFe II), an observational study conducted in patients with a previously known NVAF, consecutively admitted for an acute stroke in French and Italian centers. Prestroke dementia was evaluated by the IQCODe in patients with a reliable informant. Patients were considered as demented before stroke when their IQCODe score was ≥ 104. Results: of 204 patients, 39 (19.1 % ; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 13.7 % - 24.5 % ) patients met criteria for prestroke dementia. The only variable independently associated with prestroke dementia was increasing age (adjusted odds ratio for 1 year increase in age: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.04- 1.17), and there was a non-significant tendency for previous ischemic stroke or tia and arterial hypertension. Conclusion: One fifth of stroke patients with a previously known NVAF were already demented before stroke. The main determinant of prestroke dementia is increasing age. A large cohort is necessary to identify other determinants.

关键词：急性卒中房颤患者痴呆发病率 NVAF 非瓣膜性房颤观察性研究缺血性卒中发生风险住院患者

老年受试者和AD患者横断面和纵断面脑体积的常规估计

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 48-49页

作者： Fotenos A.F. Snyder A.Z. Girton L.e. 周永 HHMI at Washington University Psychology Department Campus Box 1125 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63108 United StatesDr.

Objective: To test the hypotheses 1) that whole-brain volume decline begins in early adulthood, 2) that cross-sect- ional and longitudinal atrophy estimates agree in older, nondemented individua ls, and 3) that longitudinal atrophy accelerates in the earliest stages of Alzhe imer disease (AD). Methods: Highresolution, high-contrast structural MRIs were obtained from 370 adults (age 18 to 97). Participants over 65 (n=192) were chara cterized using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) as either nondemented (CDR 0, n=94) or with very mild to mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT, CDR 0.5 and 1, n=98). Of these older participants, 79 belonged to a longitudinal cohort and were imaged again a mean 1.8 years after baseline. estimates of gray matter (nG M), white matter (nWM), and whole-brain volume (nWBV) normalized for head sizes were generated based on atlas registration and image segmentation. Results: Hie rarchical regression of nWBV estimates from nondemented individuals across the a dult lifespan revealed a strong linear, moderate quadratic pattern of decline be ginning in early adulthood, with later onset of nWM than nGM loss. Whole-brain volume differences were detected by age 30. The cross-sectional atrophy model o verlapped with the rates measured longitudinally in older, nondemented individua ls (mean decline of -0.45%per year). In those individuals with very mild DAT, atrophy rate more than doubled (-0.98%per year). Conclusions: Nondemented indi viduals exhibit a slow rate of whole-brain atrophy from early in adulthood with white-matter loss beginning in middle age; in older adults, the onset of demen tia of the Alzheimer type is associated with a markedly accelerated atrophy rate .

关键词： AD 阿尔茨海默病成年早期脑萎缩队列研究面萎缩高分辨率图像分割于非

采用MRI鉴别tia和小卒中患者的无症状性心肌缺血

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 54-55页

作者： Coutts S.B. Hill M.D. Simon J.e. 史焕昌 Dr. Seaman Family MR Centre Foothills Hospital 1403 29th St. NW Calgary Alta. T2N 2T9 Canada

Background: In a general population of patients with stroke, the rate of new MRI lesions at 1 week was much higher than expected. With patients with minor stroke and tia having a higher risk of recurrent clinical events, the authors examined whether patients with minor stroke and tia also had a high rate of asymptomatic lesions on repeat MRI scanning. Methods: Patients with minor stroke and tia presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset with a NIH Stroke Scale score less than six, who had a baseline MRI and a 1-month follow-up, were enrolled in this study. The follow-up study was examined for new diffusion-weighted imaging lesions as compared to the baseline study. Clinical or MRI factors predicting recurrent lesions were examined. Results: A total of 143 patients were enrolled and 14 patients (9.8%; 95%CI 5.4, 15.9) had MR evidence of new lesions at 30 days. Six of these new lesions were clinically asymptomatic (42.9%; 95%CI 17.7, 71.1). A trend to increased likelihood of new lesions at 30 days was seen with progressing baseline scan lesion number (none [2.2%], solitary [12.9%], multiple [19.8%]: p = 0.046). Patients whose mechanism of stroke was large artery or cardioembolic were the most likely to have new lesions on follow-up MRI. Conclusion: Minor stroke and tia are associated with a 10%risk of new lesions on MRI and half of these new lesions are asymptomatic. This risk is lower than seen in more severely affected patients with stroke. Patients with multiple lesions at baseline are at an increased risk for new ischemic lesions.

关键词： MRI tia 新病灶弥散加权成像无症状性人群发病临床症状基线研究随访过程缺血性病灶