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Cytokinin as a positional cue regulating lateral root spacing in Arabidopsis

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Cytokinin as a positional cue regulating lateral root spacin...

Increased branching independent of strigolactone in cytokinin oxidase 2-overexpressing tomato is mediated by reduced auxin transport

2016年全国植物生物学大会

作者： Ling Chang Eswarayya Ramireddy thomas schmülling Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS)Freie Universit?t Berlin Present address: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio -Resources College of Life ScienceHubei University

The root systems of plants have developed adaptive architectures to exploit soil resources. The formation of lateral roots(LRs) contributes to root system architecture. Roots of plants with a lower cytokinin status form LR primordia(LRP) in unusually close proximity,indicating a role for the hormone in regulating the positioning of LRs along the main root axis. Data obtained from cytokinin-synthesis mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana combined with gene expression analysis indicate that cytokinin synthesis by IPT5 and LOG4 occurring early during LRP initiation generates a local cytokinin signal abbreviating LRP formation in neighbouring pericycle cells. In addition,IPT3,IPT5,and IPT7 contribute to cytokinin synthesis in the vicinity of existing LRP,thus suppressing initiation of new LRs. Interestingly,mutation of CYP735 A genes required for trans-zeatin biosynthesis caused strong defects in LR positioning,indicating an important role for this cytokinin metabolite in regulating LR spacing. Further it is shown that cytokinin and a known regulator of LR spacing,the receptor-like kinase ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4(ACR4),operate in a non-hierarchical manner but might exert reciprocal control at the transcript level. Taken together,the results suggest that cytokinin acts as a paracrine hormonal signal in regulating root system architecture.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cytokinin lateral root lateral root spacing root branching root system architecture

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 153-171页

作者： Lilian Ellen Pino Joni E.Lima Mateus H.Vicente Ariadne F.L.de Sá Francisco Pérez-Alfocea Alfonso Albacete Juliana L.Costa TomášWerner thomas schmülling Luciano Freschi Antonio Figueira Agustin Zsögön Lázaro E.P.Peres Laboratory of Plant Breeding Centro de Energia Nuclear na AgriculturaUniversity of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development Department of Biological SciencesEscola Superior de Agricultura‘Luiz de Queiroz’University of Sao PauloPiracicabaBrazil Botany Department ICBFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition CEBAS-CSICCampus Univ.EspinardoMurciaSpain Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Institute of Biology University of GrazSchubertstraße 518010 GrazAustria Biosciences Institute University of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil Plant Sciences Department Federal University of ViçosaViçosaBrazil

Tomato production is influenced by shoot branching,which is controlled by different *** we produced tomato plants overexpressing the cytokinin-deactivating gene CYTOKININ OXYDASE 2(CKX2).CKX2-overexpressing(CKX2-OE)plants showed an excessive growth of axillary shoots,the opposite phenotype expected for plants with reduced cytokinin content,as evidenced by LC-MS analysis and ARR5-GUS *** TCP transcription factor SlBRC1b was downregulated in the axillary buds of CKX2-OE and its excessive branching was dependent on a functional version of the GRAS-family gene LATERAL SUPPRESSOR(LS).Grafting experiments indicated that increased branching in CKX2-OE plants is unlikely to be mediated by root-derived *** CKX2-OE plants with transgenic antisense plants for the strigolactone biosynthesis gene CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE(CCD7-AS)produced an additive phenotype,indicating independent effects of cytokinin and strigolactones on increased *** the other hand,CKX2-OE plants showed reduced polar auxin transport and their bud outgrowth was reduced when combined with auxin ***,CKX2-OE basal buds did not respond to auxin applied in the decapitated *** results suggest that tomato shoot branching depends on a fine-tuning of different hormonal balances and that perturbations in the auxin status could compensate for the reduced cytokinin levels in CKX2-OE plants.

关键词： CKX2 Hormones Plant development Solanum

Tuning beneficial calcineurin phosphatase activation to counterα-synuclein toxicity in a yeast model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 199-200页

作者： Srishti Chawla Mikael Molin thomas Nystrom Institute for Biomedicine Sahlgrenska AcademyCentre for Ageing and Health-AgeCapUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

Calcineurin(CN)is a calcium-and calmodulindependent serine/threonine that has been studied in many model organisms including yeast,filamentous fungi,plants,and *** biological functions range from ion homeostasis and virulence in lower eukaryotes to T-cell activation in humans by human nuclear factors of activated *** is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit,calcineurin A(Cna1p),which contains an active site with a dinuclear metal center,and a regulatory Ca^(2+) binding subunit called calcineurin B(Cnb1p)required to activate *** calcineurin B subunit has been highly conserved through evolution:For example,the mammalian calcineurin B shows 54%identity with calcineurin B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

关键词： activation dinuclear conserved

Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert J.thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzalacet0phen0ne:Effect of Solvent,Catalyst Support,Catalytic M etal and Reaction Conditions

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催化学报 2011年第8期32卷 1312-1322页

作者： Achim STOLLE[a] Christine schm?GER[a] Bernd ONDRUSCHKA[a] Werner BONRATH[b] thomas F.KELLER[c] Klaus D.JANDT[c] [a]Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry(ITUC) Friedrich-Schiller University JenaLessingstrasse 12D-07743 JenaGermany [b]R&D Chemical Process Technology DSM Nutritional ProductsP.O.Box 2676CH-4002 BaselSwitzerland [c]Institute of Materials Science and Technology(IMT) Friedrich-Schiller University JenaLobdergraben 32D-07743 JenaGermany

Innovative catalysts based on a "porous glass" support material were developed and investigated for the reduction of benzalace-tophenone. The easy preparation conditions and possibility to use different metals (e.g. Pd, Pt, Rh) for impregnation gave a broad variety of these catalysts. Hydrogenation experiments with these supported catalysts were carried out under different hydrogen pressures and temperatures. Porous glass catalysts with Pd as the active component gave chemoselective hydrogenation of benzalacetophenone, while Pt- and Rh-catalysts tended to further reduce the carbonyl group, especially at elevated hydrogen pressures and temperatures. Kinetic analysis of the reactions revealed these had zero order kinetics, which was independent of the type of porous glass support and solvent used.

关键词： chalcone hydrogenation porous glass supported catalyst

Development of German-Ukrainian cooperations for education and research in photogrammetry and laser scanning

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第1期24卷 152-159,I0016页

作者： thomas Luhmann Institute for Applied Sciences and Geoinformatics Jade University of Applied Sciences OldenburgOldenburgGermany

Since 2011 an intensive international cooperation has been in place between the Institute for Applied Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics(IAPG)at the Jade University of Applied Sciences in Oldenburg,Germany,and various Ukrainian *** an initial contact by *** Konecny,the first visit was organized,and was followed by many *** subsequent years an intensive cooperation was established particularly with the National University for Construction and Architecture(KNUCA)in *** addition to architects and civil engineers,KNUCA also trains geodesists,geo-information scientists and landscape *** cooperation today includes the reciprocal exchange of scientists and students,research projects,courses and cooperation at many other *** addition,a commercial company has been established,SPM3D LLC,which now employs more than 14 engineers in the field of 3D acquisition,point cloud processing and *** article summarizes the history of the cooperation and presents the results of associated student *** addition,results of joint work on the development of a virtual laser scanner are presented,part of a German-Ukrainian initiative to digitize teaching.

关键词： Internationalization technology transfer curricula reform photogrammetry laser scanning e-learning

Magnetohydrostatic modeling of the solar atmosphere

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1710-1726页

作者： ZHU XiaoShuai NEUKIRCH thomas WIEGELMANN thomas State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung G¨ottingen 37077Germany

Understanding structures and evolutions of the magnetic fields and plasma in multiple layers on the Sun is very important. A force-free magnetic field which is an accurate approximation of the solar corona due to the low plasma β has been widely studied and used to model the coronal magnetic structure. While the force-freeness assumption is well satisfied in the solar corona, the lower atmosphere is not force-free given the high plasma β. Therefore, a magnetohydrostatic(MHS) equilibrium which takes into account plasma forces, such as pressure gradient and gravitational force, is considered to be more appropriate to describe the lower atmosphere. This paper reviews both analytical and numerical extrapolation methods based on the MHS assumption for calculating the magnetic fields and plasma in the solar atmosphere from measured magnetograms.

关键词： magnetic field photosphere chromosphere corona

Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Glass at High Temperature by Using Flash Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2004年第1期13卷 91-96页

作者： thomas Kabayabaya Department of Energy Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083China

A measurement of the thermal diffusivity of a semi-transparent material (glass) by means of the 'Flash Method' is investigated in the present work. By taking into account the heat losses on the two faces of the sample, and using a new experimental technique design, an improvement of the determination of the thermal diffusivity of the semi-transparent material (glass) at high temperature is realized. The experimental design presented here is an original technical concept that enables a significant reduction in heat loss during the experiments. A very simple model based on the quadrupole method is used to theoretically determine the thermal diffusivity of the semi-transparent material by taking into account both conduction and radiation. Theoretical results clarify the effect of the absorption coefficient and the thickness of the sample on the heat transfer in the semi-transparent medium.

关键词： thermal diffusivity measurement techniques thermal conductivity radiative heat transfer phonic diffusivity heat conduction.