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Bone density, microarchitecture and stiffness in Caucasian and Caribbean Hispanic postmenopausal American women

Bone Research 2014年第3期2卷 194-202页

作者： Bin Zhou Ji Wang Emily M Stein Zhendong Zhang Kyle K Nishiyama Chiyuan A Zhang thomas l nickolas Elizabeth Shane X Edward Guo Bone Bioengineering laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine Columbia University Department of Orthopedic Surgery First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Shihezi University

Hispanic Americans of Caribbean origin are a fast-growing subset of the US population, but there are no studies on bone density, microstructure and biomechanical integrity in this minority group. In this study, we aimed to compare Caucasian and Caribbean Hispanic postmenopausal American women with respect to these characteristics. Thirty-three Caribbean Hispanics were age-matched to thirty-three Caucasian postmenopausal women. At the lumbar spine, the Hispanic women had significantly lower areal bone mineral density （aBMD）. At the radius by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography （HR-pQCT）, there were minimal differences between Hispanic and Caucasian women. At the tibia, Hispanic women had lower trabecular volumetric bone density and trabecular number, and higher trabecular separation. Individual trabecula segmentation （ITS） analyses indicated that at the tibia, Hispanic women not only had significantly lower bone volume fraction, but also had significantly lower rod bone volume fraction, plate trabecular number, rod trabecular number and lower plate-plate, plate-rod and rod-rod junction densities compared to Caucasian women. The differences in bone quantity and quality contributed to lower whole bone stiffness at the radius, and both whole bone and trabecular bone stiffness at the tibia in Hispanic women. In conclusion, Hispanic women had poorer bone mechanical and microarchitectural properties than Caucasian women, especially at the load-bearing distal tibia.

关键词： bone DXA Bone density microarchitecture and stiffness in Caucasian and Caribbean Hispanic postmenopausal American women

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Effect of Orientation of Fibers and Holes on the Radial Strain Amplification of Campaniform sensilla

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2010年第4期7卷 314-320页

作者： nickolas l.M.Mani Carlo Menon MENRVA Research Group School of Engineering ScienceSimon Fraser University MENRVA Research Group School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University

In this paper,a structural analysis is performed to gain insights on the synergistic mechanical amplification effect thatCampaniform sensilla have when combined in an array *** order to simplify the analysis performed in this preliminaryinvestigation,an array of four holes in a single orthotropic lamina is ***,a Finite Element Method(FEM) analysis is performed to discretely assess the influence that different geometrical parameters have on the mechanicalamplification properties of the ***,an artificial neural network is used to obtain an approximated multi-dimensionalcontinuous function,which models the relationship between the geometrical parameters and the amplification properties of ***,an optimization is performed to identify the geometrical parameters yielding the maximum mechanical ***,results are validated with an additional FEM simulation performed by varying geometrical parameters in theneighborhood of the identified optimal *** method proposed in this paper can be fully automated and used to solvea wide range of optimization problems aimed at identifying optimal configurations of strain sensors inspired by Campaniformsensilla.

关键词： Campaniform sensillum strain sensor FEM ANN optimization

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Effect of particle size distribution on particle based composite anode models

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第3期29卷 357-369页

作者： Vaughan l.thomas Baltimore USA

Particle based models of composite anodes are useful tools for exploring the behavior of SOFC systems. As part of our efforts to develop models for understanding fuel cells, we have been building models of Ni-YSZ composite anodes using experimentally measured particle size distributions. The objectives of this study were to characterize the percolation threshold and conductivity of these models in comparison to simpler mono dispersed and biphasic particle size distributions from the literature. We found that the average values for the onset of percolation and the measured conductivity of the models with experimentally measured particle size distributions are similar to those for the simple distributions and the experimentally measured distributions. For all of the configurations evaluated, the onset of percolation in the Nickel phase occurred at a solid fraction of Nickel between 20% and 25%. This corresponded almost exactly to the point at which the coordination number between Nickel phase particles reached 2.2. The significant finding was that the variation in the value for the conductivity, as measured by the standard deviation of the results, was several orders of magnitude higher than for the simpler systems. We explored the validity of our assumptions, specifically the assumption of random particle placement, by building a particle model directly from FIB-SEM data. In this reconstruction, it was clear that the location of particles was not random. Particles of the same type and size had much likelihood of contact higher than would indicated by random location.

关键词： Resistor network Composite electrodes 3D particle packing Solid oxide fuel cells

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WHO WON THE 2008 OlYMPICS?A MUlTICRITERIA DECISION OF MEASURING INTANGIBlES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第4期17卷 473-486页

作者： thomas l.SAATY University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260USA

It often happens that at the end of Olympics games the medals won by more than one country are many and close in total number as in the 2008 games where China won 100 medals with many gold ones and the United States won 110 medals but with a lesser number of gold medals. The question is： Although it is often done arbitrarily, is there a way to quantify the values of gold, silver and bronze medals legitimately to resolve this concern？ This short exposition shows that there is by using the author＇s theory for the measurement of intangibles, the Analytic Hierarchy Process.

关键词： Olympics medals China US measurement of intangibles points per GDP points per population

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Nanoscale 3D ordered polymer networks

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 25-32页

作者： Edwin l. thomas Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX 77030 USA

Structures having nanoscale 3D geometries are valuable as multifunctional materials, where multi-continuous microphases can synergistically influence mechanical, optical, transport and other properties. Such very high interface surface to volume ratio structures occur in a variety of materials including natural materials such as butter fly wings and sea urchin exoskeletons and in synthetic self-assembled structures such as surfactant/water systems and block polymers. Quantitative morphological characterization of such complex geometric structures is quite challenging. Unit cell sizes range from 10-300 nm with corresponding feature sizes on the 2-50 nm scale. Since these nanoscale network structures are bicontinuous, when one constituent is removed, the structure is still self supporting. Removal of one component produces a nanoporous material that may be in-filled with another component, or the surfaces of the nanopores can be coated with ultra-thin layers by atomic layer deposition to offer multiftmctional capabilities. Due to the ability to individually tailor the properties of the network（s） and matrix, for example, to create strong dielectric or impedance contrast, such spatially periodic structures are excellent for the interference of waves （electromagnetic for photonic applications and acoustic for phononic applications） that can lead to bandgaps and hence the control of wave propagation in the material. This mini-review will focus on networks formed by bottom up self assembly of block polymers. In addition to structural issues, we emphasize the special physical properties related to bi- or tri-continuous networks.

关键词： self assembly block polymer network morphologies bicontinuous

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GlOBAl AWARENESS,FUTURE CITY DESIGN AND DECISION MAKING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2012年第3期21卷 337-355页

作者： thomas l.SAATY Mujgan SAGIR University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA 15260USA Eskisehir Osmangazi University EskisehirTurkey

Our world has been changing at an exponential rate. As a result of this rapid growth, we will be forced to make changes in not only the way we live in the environment but also in the environment itself such as designing the cities of the future to be in greater harmony with the increasing population and growing complexity. The paper contains both reflections on global awareness and comprehensive criteria and their priorities for choosing the most desirable city.

关键词： Global awareness multicriteria decision making prioritization compact city

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Diverse Functional Roles of Monosaccharide Transporters and their Homologs in Vascular Plants： A Physiological Perspective

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 641-662页

作者： thomas l. Slewinski Department of Plant Biology Cornell University 262 Plant Science Building Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Vascular plants contain two gene families that encode monosaccharide transporter proteins. The classical monosaccharide transporter（-like） gene superfamily is large and functionally diverse, while the recently identified SWEET transporter family is smaller and, thus far, only found to transport glucose. These transporters play essential roles at many levels, ranging from organelles to the whole plant. Many family members are essential for cellular homeostasis and reproductive success. Although most transporters do not directly participate in long-distance transport, their indirect roles greatly impact carbon allocation and transport flux to the heterotrophic tissues of the plant. Functional characterization of some members from both gene families has revealed their diverse roles in carbohydrate partitioning, phloem function, resource allocation, plant defense, and sugar signaling. This review highlights the broad impacts and implications of monosaccharide transport by describing some of the functional roles of the monosaccharide transporter（-like） superfamily and the SWEET transporter family.

关键词： Monosaccharide transporters sugar transport membrane transport hexoses sugar alcohols carbohydrate partitioning.

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THERE IS NO MATHEMATICAl VAlIDITY FOR USING FUZZY NUMBER CRUNCHING IN THE ANAlYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2006年第4期15卷 457-464页

作者： thomas l. SAATY University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260

Fuzzy logic has difficulty producing valid answers in decision-making. Absent are theorems to prove that it works to produce results already known that are being estimated with judgments by transforming such judgments numerically. The numerical representation of judgments in the AHP is already fuzzy. Making fuzzy judgments more fuzzy does not lead to a better more valid outcome and it often leads to a worse one. The compatibility index of the AHP is used to illustrate how the answers obtained by fuzzifying AHP judgments do not produce better results than direct derivation of the principal eigenvector. Other authors who did experiments with given data in decision making quoted in the conclusions section of the paper, have observed that fuzzy sets gives the poorest answers among all methods used to derive best decisions.

关键词： Analytic Hierarchy Process fuzzy logic compatibility index validity

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Impacts as Triggers for Weather-Related Decision Making: Observations at the Berlin Fire Brigade Control and Dispatch Center

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 610-615页

作者： thomas Kox Catharina lüder Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin12165BerlinGermany Hans-Ertel-Center for Weather Research Berlin 12165BerlinGermany Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München80333MunichGermany

This article presents the results of a series of ethnographic observations at the Berlin fire brigade control and dispatch center during routine and severe weather *** weather-related challenges of a fire brigade lie between the anticipation of events and their potential consequences,and the ad hoc reactions to actual impacts of *** results show that decisions and actions related to high impact weather are not necessarily motivated by weather warnings ***,they are reactions to the experience of impacts,for example,an increased number of missions or emergency *** are the main trigger for the decision *** is one additional external factor that influences the operational capability of a fire *** commanding officers in a fire brigade control and dispatch center experience weather primarily through technical equipment,verified by ground truth,observations showed that direct personal contact with the regional weather service and colleagues on the ground takes on a greater role in actual severe weather *** observations point to the need for increased interagency communication between the emergency services,the weather service,and other organizations to integrate weather information,impacts,and non-weather-related tasks into coherent weather-related decision making.

关键词： Berlin Emergency services Fire brigades Impact-based emergency response Interagency communication Weather-related decision making

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Predicting the Outcome of a Tennis Tournament:Based on Both Data and Judgments

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2019年第3期28卷 317-343页

作者： Wei Gu thomas l.Saaty aDonlinks School of Economics and Management University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Distinguished University Professor University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260United States

This paper is about predicting the outcome of tennis matches of the Association of Tennis Professionals(ATP)and the Women's Tennis Association(WTA)using both data and *** are many factors that influence that *** important question is which factors have significant influence on the *** have identified numerous factors and systematically prioritized them subjectively and objectively,so as to improve the accuracy of the *** then used them to predict the win-lose outcome of the 2015 US OPEN tennis matches(63 men and 31 women's games)before they took *** tennis match prediction in sports literature thus far reported an accuracy rate of 70%.The accuracy of our proposed model which combines data and judgment reaches 85.1%.

关键词： Prediction tennis data analysis judgment

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