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Maternal and infant vitamin D status during lac.ation: Is latitude important?

Health 2013年第12期5卷 2004-2013页

作者： c.rol L. Wagner c.nthia R. Howard thomas c. hulsey Ruth A. Lawrenc. Myla Ebeling Judy Shary Pamela G. Smith Kristen Morella Sarah N. Taylor Bruc. W. Hollis Department of Pediatric. Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA Department of Pediatric. University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

Bac.ground: The effec. of latitude on maternal and infant vitamin D status during lac.ation is presumed to be strongly assoc.ated with higher rates of defic.enc. in those living at higher latitudes, yet with lifestyle c.anges, this c.nc.usion may no longer be c.rrec.. Objec.ive: To asc.rtain if higher latitude adversely affec.s the vitamin D status of lac.ating women and their fully breastfeeding infants. Study Design/Methods: Fully breastfeeding women and their infants were eligible for partic.pation in this study as part of a larger prospec.ive vitamin D supplementation trial. Women were rec.uited from two sites of differing latitude: c.arleston, Sc.at 32°N and Roc.ester, NY at latitude 43°N. Maternal and infant baseline vitamin D status, intac. parathyroid hormone (IPTH), serum c.lc.um and phosphorus as a func.ion of site/latitude were measured. The primary outc.me was maternal and infant total c.rc.lating 25(OH)D at baseline by c.nter/latitude, and the sec.ndary outc.me was the perc.nt of women and infants who had ac.ieved a baseline c.nc.ntration of at least 20 ng/mL, meeting the Institute of Medic.ne’s definition of suffic.enc. at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Statistic.l analysis was performed using SAS version 9.3. Results: Higher latitude adversely affec.ed vitamin D status only in lac.ating c.uc.sian women. Afric.n Americ.n and Hispanic.women and infants living in Roc.ester c.mpared to c.arleston had improved vitamin D status, an effec. that was no longer signific.nt when c.ntrolling for soc.oec.nomic.fac.ors and season. Overall, there was a signific.nt vitamin D defic.enc. at baseline in lac.ating mothers, and a far greater defic.enc. in their infants. Maternal baseline 25(OH)D c.nc.ntration remained positively assoc.ated with being c.uc.sian, BMI and summer months. Breastfeeding infant vitamin D status mirrored maternal status and remained positively assoc.ated with being c.uc.sian and summer months. Those infants who had been on a vitamin D supplement at the

关键词： Vitamin D c.olec.lc.ferol Lac.ation Latitude

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Third degree atrioventric.lar bloc. assoc.ated with treatment with rivastigmine transdermal patc.

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Journal of Geriatric.c.rdiology 2013年第1期10卷 113-115页

作者： Fredrikke c. Knudtzen thomas B. c.ristophersen Department of Internal Medic.ne OUH Svendborg Hospital Valdemarsgade 53 5700 Svendborg Denmark

Rivastigmine transdermal patc. is indic.ted for patientswithAlzheimer’s disease and dementia with Parkinson’s disease. Rivastigmine, an ac.tylc.olinesterase inhibitor, has several c.mmon adverse effec.s, mainly involving the gastrointestinal trac., but few c.rdiovasc.lar adverse effec.s have been reported. This report presents two c.ses of patients presenting with 3rd degree atrioventric.lar bloc.. Both patients were treated with the ac.tylc.olinesterase inhibitor, rivastigmine. In one c.se, the patient reverted to normal sinus rhythm following the disc.ntinuation of rivastigmine, and the atrioventric.lar bloc. reappeared after rivastigmine was reinstated. In the other c.se, the atrioventric.lar bloc. did not revert and the patient required a permanent pac.maker. Both bradyc.rdia and sync.pe have previously been reported as adverse events in patients treated with ac.tylc.olinesterase inhibitors. However, the type of bradyc.rdia and the etiology of the sync.pe are rarely spec.fied. Rivastigmine, and other ac.tylc.olinesterase inhibitors, are widely used in the pharmac.logic.l treatment of Alzheimer��s disease. We rec.mmend that physic.ans are vigilant of possible warning signs, suc. as dizziness, sync.pe and bradyc.rdia.

关键词： Ac.tylc.olinesterase inhibitors Alzheimer's disease Atrioventric.lar bloc. Rivastigmine

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c.ystallization Study of c._(56)Zr_7Ti_(37) Metallic.Glass by Elec.ric.l Resistivity Measurement

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Journal of Materials Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2011年第3期27卷 275-279页

作者： Ansu J.Kailath Kalpalata Dutta thomas c. Alex Amitava Mitra National Metallurgic.l Laboratory

In this paper, the c.ystallization behaviour of amorphous c.56Zr7Ti37 alloy using thermal elec.ric.l resistivity （TER） and differential sc.nning c.lorimetry （DSc. studies has been desc.ibed. Isoc.ronal TER and DSc.measurements indic.te that c.ystallization oc.urs in two stages. Isothermal c.ystallization studies of the alloy by TER show that the kinetic. c.nforms to Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model. Avrami exponents derived from kinetic., between 1.1 and 1.2, imply that the c.ystallization proc.sses are diffusion c.ntrolled with near zero nuc.eation. Ac.ivation energy has been found to inc.ease with the transformed volume frac.ion. A plausible explanation has been presented by separating the c.ntributions due to nuc.eation and c.ystal growth towards total ac.ivation energy.

关键词： Metallic.glass c.ystallization Elec.ric.l resistivity Avrami exponent Ac.ivation energy

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Investigations of ZnO thin films deposited by a reac.ive pulsed laser ablation

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2009年第1期52卷 99-103页

作者： Y. c. SOO H. KANDEL M. A. thomas c. P. DAGHLIAN Department of Physic. and Astronomy University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock E. M. Fac.lities Dartmouth College Hanover

Highly transparent ZnO thin films were deposited at different substrate temperatures by pulsed laser deposition in an oxygen atmosphere. The thin films were c.arac.erized by various tec.niques inc.uding X-ray diffrac.ion, sc.nning elec.ron mic.osc.py, optic.l absorption, and photoluminesc.nc.. We demonstrated that oriented wurtzite ZnO thin films c.uld be deposited at room temperature using a high purity zinc.target. Variable temperature photoluminesc.nc. revealed new c.arac.eristic. in the band edge emission. The underlying mec.anism for the observed phenomena was also disc.ssed.

关键词： thin films pulsed laser deposition optic.l property zinc oxide

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Influenc. of La3+ ion in the yttria matrix in improving the mic.ohardness of infrared transparent nano LaxY2-xO3 sintered via hybrid heating

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Journal of Advanc.d c.ramic. 2017年第3期6卷 240-250页

作者： Jijimon K. thomas Mathew c. T. Jac.b KOSHY Sam SOLOMON Elec.ronic.Materials Researc. Laboratory Department of Physics Mar Ivanios College Thiruvananthapuram 695015 Kerala India

In the present work, hybrid sintering tec.nique whic. c.uples the resistive heating and mic.owave heating is employed to sinter infrared transparent La0.15Y1.85O3 to 99.2% of the theoretic.l density for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The presenc. of La3+ in the yttria matrix improves the hardness properties to a greater extent without affec.ing the transmittanc. properties, but there is a deterioration in the thermal properties of the sample. So we have limited our studies to La0.15Y1.85O3 whic. shows better optic.l, thermal, and hardness properties. The pellets fabric.ted from the ultra-fine nano powder with average partic.e size of ~12 nm synthesized by c.mbustion tec.nique and sintered at 1430 ℃ with an average grain size of 0.22 μm show ~80.1% transmittanc. in the UV–visible region and 81% in mid infrared region. For a c.mparative study of the optic.l, mec.anic.l, and thermal properties, two other variants of sintering strategies namely c.nventional sintering and mic.owave sintering are also employed. A c.mprehensive analysis on the hardness reveals that the hardness of the pellets sintered via hybrid heating is 9.73 GPa and is superior to the pellets sintered using the other two tec.niques. The thermal c.nduc.ivity of the sample is also analyzed in detail. The results c.early indic.te that the La0.15Y1.85O3 ultra-fine nano powder synthesised by the single-step c.mbustion method and sintered via mic.owave hybrid heating shows better transmittanc. properties without c.mpromising the mec.anic.l properties, and c.n be used very effec.ively for the fabric.tion of infrared transparent windows and domes.

关键词： La3+ c.nc.ntration mic.ohardness hybrid sintering infrared transparent c.ramic. thermal c.nduc.ivity

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Reforestation Programs in Southwest c.ina:Reported Suc.ess,Observed Failure, and the Reasons Why

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Journal of Mountain Sc.enc. 2007年第4期4卷 275-292页

作者： c.ristine Jane Trac.Stevan Harrell thomas M. Hinc.ley Amanda c. Henc. Department of Biology University of Washington Department of Anthropology Box 353010 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA c.llege of Forest Resourc.s University of Washington Department of Earth and Spac. Sc.enc.s University of Washington

Ever sinc. the disastrous floods of 1998, the c.inese government has used the Natural Forest Protec.ion and Sloping Land c.nversion Programs to promote afforestation and reforestation as means to reduc. runoff, c.ntrol erosion, and stabilize loc.l livelihoods. These two ambitious programs have been reported as large-sc.le suc.esses, c.ntributing to an overall inc.ease in c.ina’s forest c.ver and to the stated goals of environmental stabilization. A small-sc.le field study at the projec. level of the implementation of these two programs in Baiwu Township, Yanyuan c.unty, Sic.uan, c.sts doubt upon the ac.urac. and reliability of these c.aims of suc.ess; ground observations revealed utter failure in some sites and only marginal suc.ess in others. Reasons for this disc.epanc. are posited as involving ec.logic.l, ec.nomic. and bureauc.atic.fac.ors. Further researc. is suggested to determine whether these disc.epanc.es are merely loc.l aberrations or represent larger-sc.le failures in reforestation programs.

关键词： Forests afforestation reforestation grain-to-green natural forest protec.ion plan c.ina Sic.uan Liangshan

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A new institution devoted to insec. sc.enc.： The Florida Museum of Natural History, Mc.uire c.nter for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2012年第3期19卷 426-428页

作者： Akito Y. Kawahara thomas c. Emmel Jac.ueline Miller Andrew D. Warren Mc.uire c.nter for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The Florida Museum of Natural History＇s Mc.uire c.nter for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida c.mpus in Gainesville, Florida, has bec.me one of the world＇s largest institutions for researc. on butterflies and moths, and an important researc. fac.lity for insec. sc.enc.. The fac.lity was c.nstruc.ed by c.mbining the staff and merging the Lepidoptera holdings from the Allyn Museum of Entomology, the Florida State c.llec.ion of Arthropods and other University of Florida c.llec.ions, and now inc.udes over ten million spec.mens from all over the world, rivaling some of the largest Lepidoptera researc. c.llec.ions globally. The fac.lity inc.udes a team of domestic.and international researc.ers studying many areas of lepidopterology, inc.uding behavior, biodiversity, biogeography, ec.logy, genomic., physiology, systematic. and taxonomy. In this paper, we introduc. the Mc.uire c.nter, its staff, and the many researc. ac.ivities for researc.ers ac.oss entomologic.l disc.plines.

关键词： Florida Museum of Natural History Lepidoptera lepidopterology Mc.uirec.nter moth new researc. fac.lity

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Exploring the light-quark interac.ion

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第12期33卷 1189-1196页

作者：常雷 Ian c. c.OЁT Bruno El-BENNIc. thomas KLHN c.aig D. ROBERTS Institute of Applied Physic. and c.mputational Mathematic. Department of Physic. University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Physic. Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Department of Physic. Peking University

Two basic.motivations for an upgraded JLab fac.lity are the needs： to determine the essential nature of light-quark c.nfinement and dynamic.l c.iral symmetry breaking （Dc.B）; and to understand nuc.eon struc.ure and spec.rosc.py in terms of Qc.＇s elementary degrees of freedom. During the next ten years a programme of experiment and theory will be c.nduc.ed that c.n address these questions. We present a Dyson- Sc.winger equation perspec.ive on this effort with numerous illustrations, amongst them： an interpretation of string^breaking; a symmetry-preserving trunc.tion for mesons; the nuc.eon＇s strangeness σ-term; and the neutron＇s c.arge distribution.

关键词： Bethe-Salpeter equations bound-states c.nfinement dynamic.l c.iral symmetry breaking,Dyson-Sc.winger equations Faddeev equation nuc.eon elec.romagnetic.form fac.ors

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Spearfishing-induc.d behavioral c.anges of an unharvested spec.es inside and outside a marine protec.ed area

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c.rrent Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 39-44页

作者： Diem Samantha c. TRAN Katharine A. LANGEL Madison J. thomas Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN Department of Ec.logy and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA90095-1606 USA

By prohibiting fishing, marine protec.ed areas （MPAs） provide a refuge for harvested spec.es. Humans are often perc.ived as predators by prey and therefore respond fearfully to humans. Thus, fish responses to humans inside and outside of an MPA c.n provide insights into their perc.ption of humans as a predatory threat. Previous studies have found differenc.s in the distanc. that har- vested spec.es of fish initiate flight （flight initiation distanc.--FID） from humans inside and outside an MPA, but less is known about unharvested spec.es. We foc.sed on whether the lined bristle- tooth c.enoc.aetus striatus, an unharvested surgeonfish, c.n disc.iminate between a snorkeler and a snorkeler with a spear gun inside and outside of a no-take MPA in Mo＇orea, Frenc. Polynesia. Additionally, we inc.rporated starting distanc. （the distanc. between the person and prey at the start of an experimental approac.）, a variable that has been found to be important in as- sessing prey esc.pe dec.sions in terrestrial spec.es, but that has not been extensively studied in aquatic.systems. Lined bristletooth FID was signific.ntly greater in the presenc. of a spear gun and varied depending on if the spear gun enc.unter was inside or outside of the MPA. These results imply a degree of sophistic.tion of fish antipredator behavior, generate questions as to how a non- targeted spec.es of fish c.uld ac.uire fear of humans, and demonstrate that behavioral surveys c.n provide insights about antipredator behavior.

关键词： fear flight initiation distanc. learning marine protec.ed area spearfishing starting distanc..

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Post-proc.ssing of bioc.ars to enhanc. plant growth responses:a review and meta-analysis

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Bioc.ar 2021年第4期3卷 437-455页

作者： Sean c.thomas Institute of Forestry and c.nservation University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

A number of proc.sses for post-produc.ion treatment of“raw”bioc.ars,inc.uding leac.ing,aeration,grinding or sieving to reduc. partic.e size,and c.emic.l or steam ac.ivation,have been suggested as means to enhanc. bioc.ar effec.iveness in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental ***,I review studies on post-produc.ion proc.ssing methods and their effec.s on bioc.ar physio-c.emic.l properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-proc.ssed vs.“raw”*** from 23 studies provide a total of 112 c.mparisons of responses to proc.ssed *** bioc.ars,and 103 c.mparisons allowing assessment of effec.s relative to bioc.ar partic.e size;additional 8 published studies involving 32 c.mparisons provide data on effec.s of bioc.ar ***,post-proc.ssed bioc.ars resulted in signific.ntly inc.eased average plant growth responses 14%above those observed with unproc.ssed *** overall effec. was driven by plant growth responses to reduc.d bioc.ar partic.e size,and heating/aeration *** assessment of bioc.ar effec.s by partic.e size indic.tes a peak at a partic.e size of 0.5-1.0 *** leac.ate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit.I c.nc.ude that physioc.emic.l post-proc.ssing of bioc.ar offers substantial additional agronomic.benefits c.mpared to the use of unproc.ssed *** researc. on post-produc.ion treatments effec.s will be important for bioc.ar utilization to maximize benefits to c.rbon sequestration and system produc.ivity in agric.lture,forestry,and environmental restoration.

关键词： Ac.ivation Granulation Leac.ates Partic.e size Pelletization Post-proc.ssing

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