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A review of direct numerical simulations of astrophysical detonations and their implications

Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 189-198页

作者： Suzanne T. Parete-Koon Christopher r. Smith thomas l. Papatheodore O. E. Bronson Messer National Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge USA TN 37831-6354 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleUSA TN 37996-1200

Multi-dimensional direct numerical simulations （DNS） of astrophysical detonations in degenerate matter have revealed that the nuclear burning is typically characterized by cellular structure caused by transverse instabilities in the detonation front. Type Ia supernova modelers often use one- dimensional DNS of detonations as inputs or constraints for their whole star simulations. While these one-dimensional studies are useful tools, the true nature of the detonation is multi-dimensional. The multi-dimensional structure of the burning influences the speed, stability, and the composition of the detonation and its burning products, and therefore, could have an impact on the spectra of Type Ia supernovae. Considerable effort has been expended modeling Type Ia supernovae at densities above 1 ~ 107 ***-3 where the complexities of turbulent burning dominate the flame propagation. How- ever, most full star models turn the nuclear burning schemes off when the density falls below 1 ~ 107 ***-3 and distributed burning begins. The deflagration to detonation transition （DDT） is believed to occur at just these densities and consequently they are the densities important for studying the properties of the subsequent detonation. This work will review the status of DNS studies of detona- tions and their possible implications for Type Ia supernova models. It will cover the development of Detonation theory from the first simple Chapman-Jouguet （C J） detonation models to the current models based on the time-dependent, compressible, reactive flow Euler equations of fluid dynamics.

关键词： supernova detonations direct numerical simulations

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Genomics-assisted breeding——A revolutionary strategy for crop improvement

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第12期16卷 2674-2685页

作者： lENG Peng-fei thomas lübberstedt XU Ming-liang National Maize Improvement Center of China China Agricultural University Department of Agronomy Iowa State University

Food shortages arise more frequently owing to unpredictable crop yield losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. With advances in molecular biology and marker technology, a new era of molecular breeding has emerged that has greatly accelerated the pace of plant breeding. High-throughput genotyping technology and phenotyping platforms have enabled large-scale marker-trait association analysis, such as genome-wide association studies, to precisely dissect the genetic architecture of plant traits. large-scale mapping of agronomically important quantitative trait loci, gene cloning and characterization, mining of elite alleles/haplotypes, exploitation of natur.l variations, and genomic selection have paved the way towards genomics-assisted breeding（GAB）. With the availability of more and more informative genomic datasets, GAB would become a promising technique to expedite the breeding cycle for crop improvement.

关键词： germplasm genotyping technology phenotyping platform genomics-assisted breeding

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Information Divergence and the Gener.lized Normal Distribution:A Study on Symmetricity

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2021年第4期9卷 439-465页

作者： thomas l.Toulias Christos P.Kitsos Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of West AtticaCampus 1Egaleo12243 AthensGreece Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering University of West AtticaCampus 1Egaleo12243 AthensGreece

This paper investigates and discusses the use of information divergence,through the widely used Kullback–leibler(Kl)divergence,under the multivariate(gener.lized)γ-order normal distribution(γ-GND).The behavior of the Kl divergence,as far as its symmetricity is concerned,is studied by calculating the divergence of γ-GND over the Student’s multivariate t-distribution and vice *** special cases are also given and ***,three symmetrized forms of the Kl divergence,i.e.,the Jeffreys distance,the geometric-Kl as well as the harmonic-Kl distances,are computed between two members of the γ-GND family,while the corresponding differences between those information distances are also discussed.

关键词： Kullback-leibler divergence Jeffreys distance resistor-average distance Multivariateγ-order normal distribution Multivariate Student’s t-distribution Multivariate laplace distribution

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Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 2： Potential dietary exposure of South Car.lina hunters from recreationally harvested alligator meat

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 31-38页

作者： Jessica J.Tipton louis J.Guillette Jr Susan lovelace Benjamin B.Parrott thomas r.rainwater Jessica l.reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29724 USA Medical University of South Car.lina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Torn Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 59(5 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Exposure to per.luorinated alkyl acids（PFAAs） has been linked to many harmful health effects including reproductive disorders, developmental delays, and altered liver and kidney function. Most human exposure to environmental contaminants, including PFAAs,occurs through consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. This study uses PFAA data from meat samples collected from recreationally harvested American alligators（Alligator mississippiensis） in South Car.lina to assess potential dietary exposure of hunters and their families to PFAAs. Consumption patterns were investigated using intercept surveys of 23 hunters at a wild game meat processor. An exposure scenario using the average consumption frequency, portion size, and median per.luorooctane sulfonic acid（PFOS） concentration in alligator meat from all hunt units found the daily dietary exposure to be 2.11 ng/kg body weight per day for an adult human. Dietary PFOS exposure scenarios based on location of harvest suggested the highest daily exposure occurs with alligator meat from the Middle Coastal hunt unit in South Car.lina. Although no samples were found to exceed the recommended threshold for no consumption of PFOS found in Minnesota state guidelines, exposure to a mixture of PFAAs found in alligator meat and site-specific exposures based on harvest location should be considered in determining an appropriate guideline for vulnerable populations potentially exposed to PFAAs through consumption of wild alligator meat.

关键词： Public hunt American alligator Dietary exposure PFOS Consumption advisory Contaminant consumption

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Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 1： Concentrations in alligators harvested for consumption during South Car.lina public hunts

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 24-30页

作者： Jessica J.Tipton louis J.Guillette Jr Susan lovelace Benjamin B.Parrott thomas r.rainwater Jessica l.reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 USA Medical University of South Car.lina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 596 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Environmental contamination resulting from the production or r.lease of harmful chemicals can lead to negative consequences for wildlife and human health. Per.luorinated alkyl acids（PFAAs） were historically produced as protective coatings for many household items and currently persist in the environment, wildlife, and humans. PFAAs have been linked to immune suppression, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity in wildlife and laboratory studies. This study examines the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis,as an important indicator of ecosystem contamination and a potential pathway for PFAA exposure in humans. Alligator meat harvested in the 2015 South Car.lina（SC） public hunt season and prepared for human consumption was collected and analyzed for PFAAs to determine meat concentrations and r.lationships with animal body size（total length）, sex, and location of harvest. Of the 15 PFAAs analyzed, per.luorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） was found in all alligator meat samples and at the highest concentrations（median 6.73 ng/g）. No r.lationship was found between PFAA concentrations and total length or *** of one or all compounds varied significantly across sampling locations, with alligators harvested in the Middle Coastal hunt unit having the highest PFOS concentrations（median 16.0 ng/g; p = 0.0001）. Alligators harvested specifically from Ber.ley County, SC（located in the Middle Coastal hunt unit） had the highest PFOS concentrations and the greatest number of PFAAs detected（p 〈 0.0001）. The site-specific nature of PFAA concentrations in alligator meat observed in this study suggests a source of PFAA contamination in Ber.ley County, SC.

关键词： Per.luorinated alkyl acids American alligators South Car.lina Per.luorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) Dietary exposure

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Biobased Aromatic-Aliphatic Polyols by Thiol-Ene reactions of Propoxylated Mercaptanized Cardanol

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Journal of renewable Materials 2018年第6期6卷 630-641页

作者： Maha l.Shrestha Mihail Ionescu Xianmei Wan thomas Upshaw Kansas Polymer research Center Pittsburg State University1701 South BroadwayPittsburgKansasUSA 66762 Department of Chemistry Pittsburg State University1701 South BroadwayPittsburgKansasUSA 66762 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company lP Bartlesville Technology CenterBartlesvilleOklahomaUSA 74003

Aromatic-aliphatic polyols were obtained previously from the thiol-ene reactions of propoxylated cardanol with hydroxyalkyl mercaptans;these aromatic-aliphatic polyols were then utilized in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with excellent *** current work describes a variant of cardanol polyol synthesis by thiol-ene reactions in three *** first step is propoxylation of cardanol by reacting cardanol with propylene oxide;the second step is mercaptanization of propoxylated cardanol by reacting double bonds with hydrogen sulfide;and the third step involves the addition of the thiol groups of mercaptanized propoxylated cardanol to the double bonds of allyl alcohol,glycer.l-1-allyl ether,and trimethylolpropane allyl ***,obtained polyols were characterized by standard analytical *** polyurethane foams prepared from these polyols show promising physical-mechanical *** rigid polyurethane foams can be used for various applications such as thermo-insulation of freezers,storage tanks and pipes for food and chemical industries,wood substitutes and flotation materials.

关键词： Cardanol mercaptanized propoxylated cardanol photochemical thiol-ene reaction allyl alcohol glycer.l-1-allyl ether trimethylolpropane allyl ether

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Association mapping for root system architecture traits under two nitrogen conditions in germplasm enhancement of maize doubled haploid lines

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The Crop Journal 2020年第2期8卷 213-226页

作者： langlang Ma Chunyan Qing Ursula Frei Yaou Shen thomas lübberstedt Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmes 50010USA Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest region Maize Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

root system architecture(rSA)contributes to nitrogen(N)uptake and utilization in *** this study,a germplasm enhancement of maize double haploid population of 226 lines genotyped with 61,634 SNPs was used to investigate the genetic basis of rSA under two N levels using a genome-wide association study(GWAS).GlM+PCA,FarmCPU,and MlM models were utilized to balance false positives and false *** total,33 and 51 significant SNP-trait associations were detected under high and low N conditions,*** high N,SNP S9_2483543 was detected by all *** disequilibrium(lD)regions of some SNPs overlapped with the intervals of QTl for rSA and N response that were detected in previous *** particular,sever.l known genes,rtcs,rtcl,rtcl,and Ms44,were located in the lD regions of S1_9992325,S9_151726472,S9_154381179,and S4_197073985,*** the candidate genes identified by this study,GrMZM2G139811,GrMZM2G314898,GrMZM2G054050,GrMZM2G173682,GrMZM2G470914,GrMZM2G462325,GrMZM2G416184,and GrMZM2G064302 were involved in seedling,seed,and root system development or N metabolism in Arabidopsis or *** markers identified in this study can be used for marker-assisted selection of rSA traits to improve nitrogen use efficiency in maize breeding,and the candidate genes will contribute to further understanding of the genetic basis of rSA under diverse N conditions.

关键词： germplasm breeding seedling

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Direct quantification of topological protection in symmetry-protected photonic edge states at telecom wavelengths

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light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 5-11页

作者： Sonakshi Arora thomas Bauer rene Barczyk Ewold Verhagen l.Kuipers Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology2600 GA DelftThe Netherlands Center for Nanophotonics AMOLFScience Park 1041098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Topological on-chip photonics based on tailored photonic crystals(PhCs)that emulate quantum valley-Hall effeas has recently gained widespread interest owing to its promise of robust unidirectional transport of classical and quantum *** present a direct quantitative evaluation of topological photonic edge eigenstates and their transport properties in the telecom wavelength range using phase-resolved near-field optical *** visualizing the detailed sub-wavelength structure of these modes propagating along the interface between two topologically non-trivial mirror-symmetric lattices allows us to map their dispersion r.lation and differentiate between the contributions of sever.l higher-order Bloch *** probing of forward-and backward-propagating modes as defined by their phase velocities enables direct quantification of topological *** near-field propagation in contr.lled defects allows us to extract upper.limits of topological protection in on-chip photonic systems in comparison with conventional PhC *** find that protected edge states are two orders of magnitude more robust than modes of conventional PhC *** direct experimental quantification of topological robustness comprises a crucial step toward the application of topologically protected guiding in integrated photonics,allowing for unprecedented error-free photonic quantum networks。

关键词： protected quantum symmetry

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Short-root1 Plays a r.le in the Development of Vascular Tissue and Kranz Anatomy in Maize leaves

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Molecular Plant 2014年第8期7卷 1388-1392页

作者： thomas l. Slewinski Alyssa A. Anderson Simara Price Jacob r. Withee Kimberly Gallagher robert Turgeon Department of Plant Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield MO USA Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO USA

Dear Editor, Understanding how Kranz anatomy develops in C4 plants is a critical part of the current worldwide effort to transfer C4 photosynthesis into C3 plants, including rice. recently, it was proposed that the Kranz architecture that supports C4 photosynthesis in maize leaves is an extension of the endodermal program, which is active in roots, stems, and petioles, and is ubiquitous in angiosperms （Slewinski et al., 2012; Slewinski, 2013）.

关键词： PlANT cells & tissues PlANT anatomy rOOTS (Botany) lEAVES PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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Modelling regional land Change Scenarios to Assess land Abandonment and reforestation Dynamics in the Pyrenees(France)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 905-920页

作者： laure A.VACQUIE thomas HOUET Terry l.SOHl ryan rEKEr Kristi l.SAYlEr GEODE laboratory Toulouse Jean Jaurès University U.S.Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center ASrC Feder.l – Inu Teq Contractor to U.S.Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center

Over the last decades and centuries,European mountain landscapes have experienced substantial *** and anthropogenic lUlC changes(land use and land cover changes), especially agro-pastor.l activities,have directly influenced the spatial organization and composition of European mountain *** the past sixty years, natur.l reforestation has been occurring due to a decline in both agricultur.l production activities and rur.l ***, to better anticipate future changes,need spatially and tempor.lly explicit models to identify areas at risk of land change and possible *** paper presents an integrated approach combining forecasting scenarios and a lUlC changes simulation model to assess where lUlC changes may occur in the Pyrenees Mountains,based on historical lUlC trends and a range of future socio-economic *** proposed methodologyconsiders local specificities of the Pyrenean valleys,sub-regional climate and topographical properties,and regional economic *** indicate that some regions are projected to face strong abandonment, regar.less of the scenario ***, high rates of change are associated with administrative regions where land productivity is highly dependent on socio-economic drivers and climatic and environmental conditions limit intensive(agricultur.l and/or pastor.l) production and *** combination of the results for the four scenarios allows assessments of where encroachment(*** by shrublands) and reforestation are the most *** assessment intends to provide insight into the potential future development of the Pyrenees to help identify areas that are the most sensitive to change and to guide decision makers to help their management decisions.

关键词： Pyrenees land use change land cover change land abandonment Mountain landscapereforestation lUlC Model

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