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The contr.bution of the melanin pathway to over.ll body pigmentation dur.ng ontogenesis of Per.planeta amer.cana

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Insect Science 2016年第4期23卷 513-519页

作者： thomas r. Lemonds Jin Liu Aleksandar.Popadic Biological Sciences Depar.ment Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA

The most pr.minent color. obser.ed in insects ar. black or.br.wn, whose pr.duction is attr.buted to the melanin pathway. At pr.sent, though, the contr.bution of this pathway to over.ll body pigmentation thr.ughout ontogenesis is still lacking. To addr.ss this question we examined the r.les of 2 key melanin genes （TH and DDC）, in embr.onic and postembr.onic development of the Amer.can cockr.ach, Per.planeta amer.cana. Our.r.sults show that the melanin pathway does not contr.bute to the light br.wn color.tion obser.ed in the fir.t nymphs. However. the dar. br.wn color.tion in mid nymphs and adults is pr.duced solely fr.m the melanin pathway. In addition, the DDC r.Ai r.sults r.veal that it is dopamine melanin, not DOPA melanin, acts as the main contr.butor.in this pr.cess. Over.ll, pr.sent study pr.vides a new insight into insect pigmentation suggesting that genetic mechanisms of color.tion can change dur.ng ontogenesis. Futur. studies of additional basal insect lineages will be r.quir.d to assess in mor. details the gener.lity of this phenomenon.

关键词： DOPA decar.oxylase insect pigmentation melanin pathway Per.planetaamer.cana tyr.sine hydr.xylase

Identification and initial char.cter.zation of the 3＇ end of gene tr.nscr.pts encoding putative member. of the pher.mone r.ceptor.subfamily in Lepidopter.

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 64-74页

作者： Stephen F. Gar.zynski Kevin W. Wanner.thomas r. Unr.h USDA-Ar. Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato Washington Depar.ment of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA

Semiochemicals, including pher.mones and kair.mones, used in pest man- agement pr.gr.ms r.duce the need for.chemical insecticides, and under.tanding their.inter.ctions with their.membr.ne r.ceptor. may help make them mor. effective in the field. Identification of odor.nt r.ceptor. in the Lepidopter. has mainly been achieved us- ing bioinfor.atics to sear.h DNA sequences gener.ted by genome or.expr.ssed sequence tag （EST） sequencing pr.jects. This study r.por.s a r.pid method to identify member. of the pher.mone r.ceptor.subfamily in Lepidopter.. Degener.te oligonucleotide pr.mer. wer. designed against a conser.ed amino acid sequence in the car.oxyl ter.inus of known lepidopter.n pher.mone r.ceptor., and the pr.mer. wer. used in a 3＇ r.pid amplifica- tion of complementar. DNA （cDNA） ends pr.cedur.. Polymer.se chain r.action pr.ducts gener.ted fr.m seven differ.nt lepidopter.n species wer. TA cloned and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of 25 tr.nscr.pts wer. deter.ined to encode potential member. of the pher.mone r.ceptor.subfamily. These cDNAs r.nged fr.m 238 to 642 bp and encoded 49-54 amino acids of the car.oxyl ter.inus. Analysis of the 3＇ untr.nslated r.gion r.veals that most of the tr.nscr.pts contain multiple polyadenylation signal sequences, and in the case ofManduca sexta, an alter.ate polyadenylation signal appear. to be used in tr.nscr.pt pr.cessing. The 3＇ untr.nslated r.gion was also useful in deter.ining unique r.ceptor. en- coded by tr.nscr.pts having highly similar.nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Over.ll, this technique pr.vides a complementar. method of pher.mone r.ceptor.identification in EST sequencing pr.jects, or.can be used as a stand-alone method in conjunction with 5＇ r.pid amplification of cDNA ends pr.cedur.s.

关键词： degener.te pr.mer.PCr odor.nt r.ceptor pher.mone r.ceptor polyadeny- lation signals 3' untr.nslated r.gion

FUNCTIONAL Br.IN IMAGING BASED ON EEG AND MEG

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神经解剖学杂志 2001年第B7期17卷 81-85页

作者： thomas r. KN SCHE ANT Softwar. BV Netherlands PhD

Intr.duction Electr.encephalogr.phy (EEG) and Magnetoencephalogr.phy (MEG) pr.vide tempor.l special infor.ation on electr.physiological pr.cesses within the human br.in. While the tempor.l infor.ation can be exactly r.cover.d on a millisecond-by-millisecond basis (or.even below), the spatial infor.ation is distor.ed in

关键词：功能性脑电成像 EEG MEG 重建

Char.cter.zation of thr.e tr.nscr.pts encoding small heat shock pr.teins expr.ssed in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella （Lepidopter.： Tor.r.cidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第5期18卷 473-483页

作者： Stephen F. Gar.zynski thomas r. Unr.h Chr.stelle Guedot Lisa G. Neven USDA-Ar. Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato Washington USA

Codling moth is a major.pest of apples and pear. wor.dwide. Incr.asing knowledge of how this insect r.sponds to envir.nmental str.ss will impr.ve field and posthar.est contr.l measur.s used against it. The small heat shock pr.teins （sHsps） play a maj or.r.le in cellular.r.sponses to envir.nmental str.ssor.. A degener.te oligonucleotide pr.mer. designed against the conser.ed α-cr.stallin domain, was used in 3＇ r.pid amplification of complementar. DNA （cDNA） ends r.actions to amplify tr.nscr.pts encoding sHsps expr.ssed in the codling moth cell line, Cp169, subjected to heat shock. Thr.e full-length cDNAs wer. cloned fr.m Cp169 cells that contained open r.ading fr.mes encoding sHsps. The cDNA for.CpHsp 19.8 was 795 bp encoding 177 amino acids. The cDNA for.CpHsp 19.9 was 749 bp encoding 175 amino acids. The cDNA for.CpHsp22.2 was 737 bp encoding 192 amino acids. Analysis of the pr.tein sequences of the thr.e CpHsps indicated the pr.sence of 83 amino acids with homology to the α-cr.stallin domain. For.each of the CpHsps, the α-cr.stallin domain was sur.ounded by diver.ent N- and C-ter.inal r.gions, consistent with the conser.ed str.ctur.l featur.s of sHsps. r.al-time polymer.se chain r.action, used to deter.ine the expr.ssion patter.s of each of the sHsps in differ.nt developmental stages of codling moth r.vealed the pr.sence of tr.nscr.pts in all stages tested. Consistent with char.cter.stics of other.sHsps, expr.ssion of CpHsp tr.nscr.pts wer. gr.atly enhanced when insects wer. subjected to heat shock. The r.sults of this r.sear.h can be used as a guide to study the r.les of sHsps in codling moth contr.l using var.ous post-har.est tr.atments.

关键词： α-cr.stallin domain heat shock r.sponse qPCr

The Influence of Islam on the Assessment of Ear.hquake Hazar.s and Seismic r.sk

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Open Jour.al of Ear.hquake r.sear.h 2012年第1期1卷 1-12页

作者： thomas r. Par.dise Depar.ment of Geosciences and the King Fahd Center.for.Middle East Studies Univer.ity of Ar.ansas Fayetteville AR USA

The ar.icle has been r.tr.cted due to the investigation of complaints r.ceived against it. The paper.is withdr.wn due to paper.duplication which has been published by the author.year. befor.. This paper.published in V... 详细信息

关键词： Ear.hquakes r.sk Per.eption Ear.hquake Hazar.s Seismic r.sk Islam Agadir Mor.cco

Long-Memor. and Spur.ous Br.aks in Ecological Exper.ments

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Open Jour.al of Statistics 2017年第5期7卷 768-779页

作者： thomas r. Boucher Depar.ment of Mathematics Texas A & M University-Commerce Commerce USA

The impact of long-memor. on the Befor.-After.Contr.l-Impact (BACI) design and a commonly used nonpar.metr.c alter.ative, r.ndomized Inter.ention Analysis (r.A), is examined. It is shown the cor.ections used based on shor.-memor. pr.cesses ar. not adequate. Long-memor. ser.es ar. also known to exhibit spur.ous str.ctur.l br.aks that can be mistakenly attr.buted to an inter.ention. Two examples fr.m the liter.tur. ar. used as illustr.tions.

关键词： BACI Long-Memor. r.A Shor.-Memor. Var.ance Cor.ections

Application of Cydia pomonella expr.ssed sequence tags： Identification and expr.ssion of thr.e gener.l odor.nt binding pr.teins in codling moth

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 559-574页

作者： Stephen F. Gar.zynski Br.d S. Coates thomas r. Unr.h Scott Schaeffer.Der.ck Jiwan Tyson Koepke Amit Dhingr. USDA-Ar. Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato WA 98951 USDA-Ar. Corn Insect and Crop Genetics Research Unit Genetics Laboratory Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 Depar.ment of Hor.icultur. and Landscape Ar.hitectur. Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most impor.ant pests of pome fr.its in the wor.d, yet the molecular.genetics and the physiology of this insect r.main poor.y under.tood. A combined assembly of 8？341 expr.ssed sequence tags was gener.ted fr.m r.che 454 GS-FLX sequencing of eight tissue-specific cDNA libr.r.es. Putative chemosensor. pr.teins （12） and odor.nt binding pr.teins （OBPs）（18） wer. annotated, which included thr.e putative gener.l OBP （GOBP）, one mor. than typically r.por.ed for.other.Lepidopter.. To fur.her.char.cter.ze CpomGOBPs, we cloned cDNA copies of their.tr.nscr.pts and deter.ined their.expr.ssion patter.s in var.ous tissues. Cloning and sequencing of the 698？nt tr.nscr.pt for.CpomGOBP1 r.sulted in the pr.diction of a 163 amino acid coding r.gion, and subsequent r.-PCr.indicated that the tr.nscr.pts wer. mainly expr.ssed in antennae and mouthpar.s. The 1？289 nt （160 amino acid） CpomGOBP2 and the novel 702 nt （169 amino acid） CpomGOBP3 tr.nscr.pts ar. mainly expr.ssed in antennae, mouthpar.s, and female abdomen tips. These r.sults indicate that next gener.tion sequencing is useful for.the identification of novel tr.nscr.pts of inter.st, and that codling moth expr.sses a tr.nscr.pt encoding for.a new member.of the GOBP subfamily.

关键词： codling moth EST odor.nt binding pr.teins