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Decarbonising energy: The developing international activity in hydrogen technologies and fuel cells

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 405-415页

作者： john Meurig thomas Peter P.Edwards Peter j.Dobson Gari P.Owend Department of Materials Science&Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK The Queen’s College University of OxfordOxford OX14AWUK Annwvyn Solutions(Independent Consultant) BromleyKent BR13DWUK

Hydrogen technologies and fuel cells offer an alternative and improved solution for a decarbonised energy *** cells are electrochemical converters;transforming hydrogen (or energy sources containing hydrogen) and oxygen directly into *** hydrogen fuel cell,invented in 1839,permits the generation of electrical energy with high efficiency through a non-combustion,electrochemical process and,importantly,without the emission ofits point of ***,despite numerous efforts to exploit the obvious attractions of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells,various challenges have been encountered,some of which are reviewed ***,however,given the exigent need to urgently seek low-carbon paths for humankind’s energy future,numerous countries are advancing the deployment of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells not only for transport,but also as a means of the storage of excess renewable energy from,for example,wind and solar ***,hydrogen is also being blended into the natural gas supplies used in domestic heating and targeted in the decarbonisation of critical,large-scale industrial processes such as steel *** briefly review specific examples in countries such as japan,South Korea and the People’s republic of China,as well as selected examples from Europe and North America in the utilization of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells.

关键词： Decarbonisation Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Economy Fuel cells Environment Sustainability

Genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin-10 signaling pathway in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第27期23卷 4897-4909页

作者： Zhenwu Lin Zhong Wang john P Hegarty Tony r Lin Yunhua Wang Sue Deiling rongling Wu Neal j thomas joanna Floros CHILD research Department of Pediatricsthe Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of radiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health Sciencethe Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Surgery the Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine

To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODSA total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients (Crohn’s disease, n = 136; ulcerative colitis, n = 23) and 129 matched controls were studied for genetic association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-10 gene and the genes IL10rA, IL10rB, STAT3, and HO1, from the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway. As interactions between SNPs from different loci may significantly affect the associated risk for disease, additive (a) and dominant (d) modeling of SNP interactions was also performed to examine high-order epistasis between combinations of the individual SNPs. rESULTSThe results showed that IL-10 rs304496 was associated with pediatric IBD (P = 0.022), but no association was found for two other IL-10 SNPs, rs1800872 and rs2034498, or for SNPs in genes IL10rA, IL10rB, STAT3, and HO1. However, analysis of epistatic interaction among these genes showed significant interactions: (1) between two IL-10 SNPs rs1800872 and rs3024496 (additive-additive P = 0.00015, Bonferroni P value (Bp) = 0.003); (2) between IL-10rB rs2834167 and HO1 rs2071746 (dominant-additive, P = 0.0018, Bp = 0.039); and (3) among IL-10 rs1800872, IL10rB rs2834167, and HO1 rs2071746 (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.00015, Bp = 0.005), as well as weak interactions among IL-10 rs1800872, IL-10 rs3024496, and IL-10rA (additive-additive-additive, P = 0.003; Bp = 0.099), and among IL10rA, IL10rB, and HO1 genes (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.008, Bp = 0.287). CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that both the IL-10 gene itself, and through epistatic interaction with genes within the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, contribute to the risk of pediatric IBD.

关键词： Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease Interleukin-10 HO1 Single nucleotide polymorphism IL10-STAT3 pathway Epistatic interaction

Modeling the oxidative consumption of curcumin from controlled released poly(betaamino ester)microparticles in the presence of a free radical generating system

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regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第4期6卷 201-210页

作者： Carolyn T.jordan j.Zach Hilt thomas D.Dziubla Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA

Despite the promise of its therapeutic benefits,curcumin as a free molecule has failed to demonstrate significant clinical ***,its inherently poor stability and rapid clearance is a significant reason for these negative *** incorporation of curcumin into the backbone of a crosslinked hydrogel that utilizes poly(beta-amino ester)(PBAE)chemistry can provide a tunable protective network with the ability to release at a controlled rate while improving its therapeutic *** of curcumin conjugated PBAE microparticles controlled release delivery system in the presence of oxidative environments was studied for the first time,where consumption rates of active curcumin and release products were *** constituent amount of curcumin present in solution was improved by incorporating the active into the network in comparison to curcumin as a free *** curcumin conjugated PBAE microparticles will provide a design platform to improve translation and overall success in delivering a therapeutic agent that matches levels of oxidative stress.

关键词： oxidative stress wound healing oral mucositis drug delivery

The Chapman-richards Distribution and its relationship to the Generalized Beta

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第3期6卷 219-235页

作者： jeffrey H.Gove thomas B.Lynch Mark j.Ducey USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station271 Mast Road Durham 03824NHUSA Professor Emeritus Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityAg Hall Room 008CStillwater 74078OKUSA Department of Natural resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire114 James Hall Durham 03824NHUSA

Background: The Chapman-richards distribution is developed as a special case of the equilibrium solution to the McKendrick-Von Foerster equation. The Chapman-richards distribution incorporates the vital rate assumptions of the Chapman-richards growth function, constant mortality and recruitment into the mathematical form of the distribution. Therefore, unlike 'assumed' distribution models, it is intrinsically linked with the underlying vital rates for the forest area under consideration. Methods: It is shown that the Chapman-richards distribution can be recast as a subset of the generalized beta distribution of the first kind, a rich family of assumed probability distribution models with known properties. These known properties for the generalized beta are then immediately available for the Chapman-richards distribution, such as the form of the compatible basal area-size distribution. A simple two-stage procedure is proposed for the estimation of the model parameters and simulation experiments are conducted to validate the procedure for four different possible distribution shapes. results: The simulations explore the efficacy of the two-stage estimation procedure;these cover the estimation of the growth equation and mortality-recruitment derives from the equilibrium assumption. The parameter estimates are shown to depend on both the sample size and the amount of noise imparted to the synthetic measurements. The results vary somewhat by distribution shape, with the smaller, noisier samples providing less reliable estimates of the vital rates and final distribution forms. Conclusions: The Chapman-richards distribution in its original form, or recast as a generalized beta form, presents a potentially useful model integrating vital rates and stand diameters into a flexible family of resultant distributions shapes. The data requirements are modest, and parameter estimation is straightforward provided the minimal recommended sample sizes are obtained.

关键词： Diameter distributions Chapman-richards growth Generalized beta distribution of the first kind Maximum likelihood McKendrick-Von Foerster equation Physiologically structured population model Size-structured distributions

Determination of quantitative structure-property and structure-process relationships for graphene production in water

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Nano research 2015年第6期8卷 1865-1881页

作者： thomas j. Nacken Cornelia Damm Haichen Xing Andreas rOger Wolfgang Peukert Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NOrnberg (FAU) Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany

A scalable method for graphene and few-layer graphene （FLG） production by graphite delamination in aqueous solutions of the nonionic surfactant TWEEN 80 （TW80） using stirred-media mills is presented. Delaminated product analysis using statistical raman spectroscopy yielded extensive processing-structure-property relationships that revealed how stress intensity and specific energy input, i.e., the process parameters, govern the yield of graphene production and defect formation. The dispersed carbon concentration increased but the content and the quality of the FLG product decreased sharply with higher specific energy input. The FLG content of the product was up to 90%, especially for low specific energy input. Moreover, raman analyses revealed that stress intensities greater than about I nj were related to significant defect formation in the product particles. Another key parameter for graphene production is solvent viscosity. The FLG concentration in the product increased by a factor of 10 when the solvent＇s viscosity was increased from 1 to 6 mPa-s because shear- and friction-induced delamination was enhanced and in-plane fracture was reduced due to dampening of bead motion. Based on the processing-structure-property relationships found, we propose that the delamination process can be designed in such way that the product consists, almost totally, of FLG and that single-layer graphene is produced. The scalability of graphene production by stirred-media delamination was demonstrated when an increase in the batch size from 0.2 to 2 L had no significant effect on product quality.

关键词： graphite delamination few-layer graphene graphene stirred-media millprocess parameters statistical ramanspectroscopy

Felsenstein＇s ＂one-allele model＂ of speciation： The role of philopatry in the initial stages of host plant mediated reproductive isolation in Enchenopa binotata

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 658-666页

作者： Frank W. STEArNS Kelley j. TILMON thomas K. WOOD Department of Biology Biology-Psychology Building University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Plant Science Plant Science Building South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 USA Department of Entomology and Applied Ecology 250 Townsend Hall University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

The study of speciation genetics is primarily concerned with identifying the genetic traits that allow divergent selec- tion to overcome the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Felsenstein reviewed this race between gene flow and selection, con- cluding that speciation with gene flow was unlikely under a ＂two-allele model＂（where two traits were necessary for reproductive isolation） but that divergence could occur quite easily under a ＂one-allele model.＂ Despite this finding, much of the sympatric speciation research involving phytophagous insects has relied on a two-trait model, where insects evolve both preferences for and increased performance on novel host plants. Philopatry （a tendency to remain where one was born） is known to occur in phyto- phagous insects and is a single trait isolation mechanism. However, it is traditionally invoked as simply augmenting reproductive isolation. Species in the Enchenopa binotata complex are believed to have speciated in sympatry. They exhibit host plant prefe- rences, host specific performance advantages and strong philopatry. We experimentally shifted E. binotata to evolutionarily novel host plants. Previous research has demonstrated that the experimental population of insects possesses genetic variation in prefe- rence and performance to the novel host. The degree of philopatry at mating and egg-laying was assayed for the first four years under full choice conditions. Host plant preference and performance was assayed after eight years. Philopatry was an immediate and strong isolating mechanism, while preference for and performance on the novel host lagged. We therefore suggest that philo- patry may be a more important mechanism in the early stages of a host shift than previously believed [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 658-666, 2013].

关键词： Philopatry Enchenopa Ecological Speciation Sympatric Speciation

Weak mismatch epitaxy and structural feedback in graphene growth on copper foil

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Nano research 2013年第2期6卷 99-112页

作者： Neil r. Wilson Alexander j. Marsden Mohammed Saghir Catherine j. Bromley renald Schaub Giovanni Costantini thomas W. White Cerianne Partridge Alexei Barinov Pavel Dudin Ana M. Sanchez james j. Mudd Marc Walker Gavin r. Bell Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK Sincrotrone Trieste S.Cp.A. Area Science Park 1-34012 Basovizza Trieste Italy

Graphene growth by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition on low cost copper foils shows great promise for large scale applications. It is known that the local crystallography of the foil influences the graphene growth rate. Here we find an epitaxial relationship between graphene and copper foil. Interfacial restructuring between graphene and copper drives the formation of （nl0） facets on what is otherwise a mostly Cu（100） surface, and the facets in turn influence the graphene orientations from the onset of growth. Angle resolved photoemission shows that the electronic structure of the graphene is decoupled from the copper indicating a weak interaction between them. Despite this, two preferred orientations of graphene are found, ±8° from the Cu[010] direction, creating a non-uniform distribution of graphene grain boundary misorientation angles. Comparison with the model system of graphene growth on single crystal Cu（110） indicates that this orientational alignment is due to mismatch epitaxy. Despite the differences in symmetry the orientation of the graphene is defined by that of the copper. We expect these observations to not only have importance for controlling and understanding the growth process for graphene on copper, but also to have wider implications for the growth of two-dimensional materials on low cost metal substrates.

关键词： graphene chemical vapordeposition mismatch epitaxy structural feedback low energy electrondiffraction angle resolvedphoto-emissionspectroscopy (ArPES)

Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Pacific Plate: Insights from ophiolitic rocks in the Wandashan accretionary complex, NE China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 171-191页

作者： Yong Liang Han Zheng Huan Li thomas j.Algeo Xiao-Meng Sun School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environment Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 42221-0013USA College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China

The Wandashan accretionary complex(AC),consisting of the raohe and Yuejinshan complexes,is located on the continental margin of Northeast Asia and represents an excellent source of information about Paleo-Pacific subduction and ***,the protolith nature and tectonic evolution of the Wandashan AC are under *** contribution reports new geochronological,geochemical,and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data for ophiolitic rocks from the Wandashan *** 169–166 Ma plagioclasites and homogeneous gabbros from the raohe complex are OIBs while 228–214 Ma homogeneous gabbros are continental *** gabbros from the Yuejinshan complex formed at 280–278 Ma and~220 Ma and have similar characteristics with E-MOrB and N-MOrB,*** are BABBs and their primary magma was derived from a source region between EMI and EMII that was affected by continental crustal contamination as well as subduction-zone *** with previous studies,we suggest that the onset of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate was in the Early ***,a back-arc basin,whose present suture is on the eastern margin of the jiamusi Massif,formed and widened during 280–232 Ma,after which the basin closed and BABBs were emplaced to form the Yuejinshan complex during 210–180 *** formation of VABs of the raohe complex is coincident with the closure of the back-arc basin,and together with the 169–166 Ma OIBs,they constitute a major part of the raohe *** accretionary process was completed during 133–131 *** together,the ophiolitic rocks indicating multistage magmatism in the Paleo-Wandashan region recorded the formation-closure process of back-arc basin and the accretionary process of the Wandashan AC,during the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific *** back-arc basin identified in our study sheds new lights on geodynamic evolution model of subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Pacific Plate on the continental margin of NE Asia.

关键词： Ophiolite Magma chemistry Tectonic evolution Back-arc basin raohe complex Yuejinshan complex

Promoting electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to ethanol by B/N-doped sp^(3)/sp^(2) nanocarbon electrode

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第10期33卷 4691-4694页

作者： Yanming Liu Haolei Yang Xinfei Fan Bing Shan thomas j.Meyer Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering(Ministry of Education) School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599United States College of Environmental Science and Engineering Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China

Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to value-added chemicals holds promise for carbon utilization and renewable electricity ***,selective CO_(2) reduction to multi-carbon fuels remains a significant ***,we report that B/N-doped sp^(3)/sp^(2) hybridized nanocarbon(BNHC),consisting of ultra-small nanoparticles with a sp^(3) carbon core covered by a sp^(2) carbon shell,is an efficient electrocatalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to ethanol at relatively low ***_(2) reduction occurs with a Faradaic efficiency of 58.8%-69.1% for ethanol and acetate production at -0.5∼-0.6 V(***),among which 51.6%-56.0% is for *** high selectivity for ethanol is due to the integrated effect of sp^(3)/sp^(2) carbon and B/N *** sp^(3) carbon and B/N doping contribute to enhanced ethanol production with sp^(2) carbon reducing the overpotential for CO_(2) reduction to ethanol.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction Ethanol B/N-doped sp^(3)/sp^(2)hybridized nanocarbon Electrocatalysis multi-carbon product