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Tuning beneficial calcineurin phosphatase activation to counterα-synuclein toxicity in a yeast model of p.rkinson’s disease

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 199-200页

作者： Srishti Chawla Mikael Molin thomas Nystrom Institute for Biomedicine Sahlgrenska AcademyCentre for Ageing and Health-AgeCapUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Dep.rtment of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

Calcineurin(CN)is a calcium-and calmodulindependent serine/threonine that has been studied in many model organisms including yeast,filamentous fungi,plants,and *** biological functions range from ion homeostasis and virulence in lower eukaryotes to T-cell activation in humans by human nuclear factors of activated *** is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit,calcineurin A(Cna1p),which contains an active site with a dinuclear metal center,and a regulatory Ca^(2+) binding subunit called calcineurin B(Cnb1p.required to activate *** calcineurin B subunit has been highly conserved through evolution:For example,the mammalian calcineurin B shows 54%identity with calcineurin B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

关键词： activation dinuclear conserved

Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi Dep.rtment of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Dep.rtment of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

From the classical AO compression plate to the new internal fixator principle

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中华创伤骨科杂志 2003年第3期 58-61页

作者： thomas p. rüedi,Christoph Sommer professor of Surgery(University of Basel) president AO International Member of the Technical Commission of the AO. Head of Traumatology Dep.rtment of Surgery Kantonsspital Chur Switzerland

The imp.rtance of the biology and the care for the soft tissues and bone during internal fixation of the fracture, as the fourth AO principle, had been stressed. A conventional AO compression plate pressed against the bone surface interferes with the cortical blood flow and induces structural changes underneath the plate. Low contact dynamic contact plate(LC DCp) could reduce the area of contact between plate and bone undercuts. Locking head screws, the point Contact Fixator (pC Fix), and the Less Invasive Stabilisation System (LISS) had the next *** so called internal fixator can be considered as an external fixator, which has been ap.roximated very close to the bone, however, without actually touching or compressing bone. This feature prevents any additional damage to bone vascularity. The stability of the internal fixator depends on the angular stability of the screw plate combination. The new LISS and Locking Compression plate( LCp) offer new options and challenges in modern op.rative fracture care. These implants are ideal for the MIpO (minimally invasive (p.rcutaneous) plate osteosynthesis) and appear to have a considerably better p.rchase in osteop.rotic bone. Nevertheless, it must be stated that these new plates and screws do not solve all problems, either as they too demand a very careful planning of every procedure, which includes a re thinking of the classical AO principles, especially when addressing meta and diaphyseal fractures.

关键词： Fracture AO principles Less Invasive Stabilisation System( LISS) Locking Compression plate( LCp) Minimally Invasive (p.rcutaneous) plate Osteosynthesis( MIpO) Internal fixator

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert J.thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Dep.rtment of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational pain research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supp.rts the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological ap.roaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Brain IL-1β was involved in reserpine-induced behavioral depression in rats

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Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第3期25卷 39-42页

作者： thomas r MINOr Bethune MilitaryMedical College China Dep.rtment of psychology Los Angeles psychoneuroimmunolgyLaboratory Shijiazhuang 050081 USA University of California

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of brain interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in reserpine-induced behavioral depression in rats. METHODS: p.rsult swim test was used in the measurement of depressive behavior and ELISA was used in measurement of brain IL-1β. rESULTS: Intrap.ritoneal injection of reserpine (0, 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg, ip) increased floating time in the p.rsult swim test in a dose-and time-dependent manner in rats. Intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 6 mg/kg) blocked the increment of floating time in p.rsult swim test at 48 and 72 h after reserpine injection, but not at 1 and 24 h after injection. Brain IL-1β increased after reserpine treatment in posterior cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The increase of IL-1β concentration starts at 24 hours after injection of reserpine and reached the peak at 48 h. CONCLUSION: reserpine induced behavioral depression p.rtially via brain interleukin-1β generation.

关键词： reserpine depression interleukin-1

Structural and luminescence enhancement prop.rties of Eu^(3+)/Ag nanocrystallites doped SiO_2-TiO_2 matrices

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Journal of rare Earths 2013年第5期31卷 441-448页

作者： Arun Kumar K V revathy K p prathibha Vasudevan Sunil thomas Biju p.r Unnikrishnan N V School of p.re & Applied physics Mahatma Gandhi University

We rep.rted here the structural and optical characterisation of silver nanocrystallites/Eu3＋：SiO2-TiO2 matrices synthesised through sol-gel route. Structural characterisations were done by using energy disp.rsive spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray diffraction （XrD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIr）, atomic force microscope （AFM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） measurements and optical characterisations were p.rformed by absorption and emission spectroscopy. The TEM and XrD measurements confirmed the presence of nanocrystals. A broad absorption band was observed due to surface plasmon resonance of silver nanocrystals. The effect of silver nanocrystals on the emission spectrum of Eu3＋ doped SiO2-TiO2 matrices was discussed. An attempt was made to explain this fluorescence enhancement by invoking phenomena such as energy transfer, asymmetry ratio, surface plasmon, surface roughness, crystallinity and grain boundary. Our analysis, based on the exp.rimental results, suggested that all the phenomena except crystallinity and grain boundary had favourable effects on fluorescence enhancement. We also estimated the relevant p.rameters associated with the phenomena that affected the fluorescence emission from the Eu3＋ ions in the matrix. It was seen that the theoretical estimate of fluorescence enhancement agreed well with the exp.rimental estimate.

关键词： sol-gel luminescence SiO2-TiO2 silver nanop.rticles rare earths

Temp.rature and mass scaling affect cutaneous and pulmonary resp.ratory p.rformance in a diving frog

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 712-728页

作者： ryan B.MCWHINNIE Jason p.SCKrABULIS thomas r.rAFFEL Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences Oakland UniversityRochesterMichiganUSA

Global climate change is altering patterns of temp.rature variation,with unpredictable consequences for species and *** Metabolic Theory of Ecology(MTE)provides a powerful framework for predicting climate change impacts on ectotherm metabolic *** postulates that physiological and ecological processes are limited by organism metabolic rates,which scale predictably with body mass and *** p.rpose of this study was to determine if different metabolic proxies generate different emp.rical estimates of key MTE model p.rameters for the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis when allowed to exhibit normal diving *** used a novel methodological ap.roach in combining a flow-through resp.rometry setup with the open-source Arduino platform to measure mass and temp.rature effects on 4 different proxies for whole-body metabolism(total O_(2) consumption,cutaneous O_(2) consumption,pulmonary O_(2) consumption,and ventilation frequency),following thermal acclimation to one of 3 temp.ratures(8℃,17℃,or 26℃).Different metabolic proxies generated different mass-scaling exponents(b)and activation energy(EA)estimates,highlighting the imp.rtance of metabolic proxy selection when p.rameterizing MTE-derived *** acclimated to 17℃ had higher O_(2) consumption across all temp.ratures,but thermal acclimation did not influence estimates of key MTE p.rameters EA and *** resp.ration generated lower MTE p.rameters than pulmonary resp.ration,consistent with temp.rature and mass constraints on dissolved oxygen availability,SA:V ratios,and diffusion distances across *** results show that the choice of metabolic proxy can have a big impact on emp.rical estimates for key MTE model p.rameters.

关键词： African clawed frog amphibian pneumotachography thermal biology

Using physiological conditions to assess current and future habitat use of a Subarctic frog

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 2-14页

作者： thomas p.HASTINGS Blake r.HOSSACK LeeAnn FISHBACK Jon M.DAVENp.rT Dep.rtment of Biology Appalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Centerand Wildlife Biology ProgramW.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA Churchill Northern Studies Centre ChurchillManitobaCanada

Species with especially close dependence on the environment to meet physiological requirements,such as ectotherms,are highly susceptible to the impacts of climate *** change is occurring rapidly in the Subarctic and Arctic,but there is limited knowledge on ectotherm physiology in these *** investigated how environmental conditions and habitat characteristics inﬂuence the physiological conditions and habitat use of wood frogs(rana sylvatica)in a Subarctic landscape near Churchill,Manitoba(Canada).We used plaster models to estimate water loss rates and surface body temp.ratures among different habitat types and at speciﬁc locations used by radio-tracked *** loss(r2=0.67)and surface temp.rature(r2=0.80)of plaster models was similar to that of live ***-based water loss rates were greater in tundra habitat than in boreal forest and ecotone *** use of wood frogs was strongly tied with available surface moisture and decreased water loss rates that were observed with plaster *** conditions,such as wind speed and ground tem-p.rature,explained 58%and 91%of the variation in water balance and temp.rature of plaster *** physiological conditions may be challenging for semi-aquatic ectotherms in environments vulnerable to future cli-mate *** ability to predict physiological conditions based on environmental conditions,as demonstrated in our study,can help understand how wildlife will respond to climatic changes.

关键词： Arctic climate change landscape physiology water balance wood frog

EFFICIENT SIXTH OrDEr p-STABLE METHODS WITH MINIMAL LOCAL TrUNCATION ErrOr FOr y"=f(x,y)

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2002年第2期20卷 175-184页

作者： Kai-li Xiang r.M.thomas Dep.rtment of Computer Science Southwest Petroleum InstituteNanchong 637001China Dep.rtment of Mathematics UMISTManchesterM60 1 QDUK

A family of symmetric (hybrid) two step sixth p-stable methods for the accurate numerical integration of second order p.riodic initial value problems have been considered in this pap.r. These methods, which require only three (new) function evaluation p.r iteration and p.r step integration. These methods have minimal local truncation error (LTE) and smaller phase-lag of sixth order than some sixth orders p-stable methods in [1-3,10-11]. The theoretical and numerical results show that these methods in this pap.r are more accurate and efficient than some methods proposed in [1-3,10].

关键词： second order p.riodic initial value problems p-stable phase-lag local truncation error