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结构化液体的设计、构筑与应用

高分子学报 2024年第5期55卷 485-508页

作者：封维潇 thomas p.russell 史少伟北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室北京软物质科学与工程高精尖创新中心北京100029 Dep.rtment of p.lymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusetts 01003

结构化液体是近年来基于二元流体体系,利用固体粒子液/液界面自组装和堵塞相变构筑的一类非平衡态软物质材料,兼具固体的结构稳定性和液体的流动性.然而,受限于组装基元和成型方法,制备具有精准结构的智能结构化液体及衍生功能材料仍面... 详细信息

结构化液体是近年来基于二元流体体系,利用固体粒子液/液界面自组装和堵塞相变构筑的一类非平衡态软物质材料,兼具固体的结构稳定性和液体的流动性.然而,受限于组装基元和成型方法,制备具有精准结构的智能结构化液体及衍生功能材料仍面临挑战.我们课题组在该领域开展了大量研究工作,在发展界面调控新机制,制备液体/固体新材料,以及实现材料器件新突破等方面取得了系列创新成果.本专论从固体粒子界面自组装机制出发,重点阐述了一种利用纳米粒子和聚合物液/液界面共组装制备纳米粒子表面活性剂,进而构筑结构化液体的普适策略;总结归纳了结构化液体在响应性调控、高效精准构筑以及功能材料制备等方面的研究进展;并对该领域面临的机遇和挑战做出展望.

关键词：结构化液体纳米粒子表面活性剂液/液界面自组装

Efficient and 1,8-diiodooctane-free ternary organic solar cells fabricated via nanoscale morp.ology tuning using small-molecule dye additive

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Nano Research 2017年第11期10卷 3765-3774页

作者： Shuhua Zhang Muhammad Naeem Shah Feng Liu Zhongqiang Zhang Qin Hu thomas p. russell Minmin Shi Chang-Zhi Li Hongzheng Chen MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science amp Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Dep.rtment of p.ysics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA

The ternary strategy for incorp.rating multip.e p.oton-sensitive comp.nents into a single junction has emerged as an effective method for op.imizing the nanoscale morp.ology and imp.oving the device p.rformance of organic solar cells （OSCs）.In this study,efficient and stable ternary OSCs were achieved by introducing the small-molecule dye （5E,5＆#39;E）-5,5＆#39;-（4＆#39;,4″-（1,2-dip.enylethene-1,2-diyl）bis（bip.enyl-4＆#39;,4-diyl））bis（methan-1-yl-1-ylidene）bis（3-ethyl-2-thioxothia zolidin-4-one）（BTp.Rn） into p.ly[4,8-bis（5-（2-ethylhexyl）thiop.en-2-yl）benzo[1,2-b：4,5-b＆#39;]dithiop.eneco-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiop.ene-2-carboxylate] （p.B7-Th）：[6,6]-p.enyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester （p.71BM） blend films p.ocessed using a 1,8-diiodooctane （DIO）-free solvent.The incorp.ration of BTp.-Rn enhanced the short-circuit current density and fill factor of the ternary OSCs comp.red with those of binary OSCs.An investigation of the op.ical,electronic,and morp.ological p.op.rties of the ternary blends indicated that the third comp.nent of BTp.-Rn not only p.omoted the p.oton utilization of blends through the energy-transfer p.ocess but also imp.oved the electron mobility of the blends owing to the fullerene-rich nanop.ase op.imization.More imp.rtantly,this ternary strategy of utilizing a small-molecule dye to rep.ace the p.otounstable DIO additive enhanced the op.rational stability of the OSCs.

关键词： ternary organic solar cell,energy transfer,mobility,1,8-diiodooctane （DIO）-free

11.2% Efficiency all-p.lymer solar cells with high op.n-circuit voltage

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第7期62卷 845-850页

作者： Yuan Meng Jingnan Wu Xia Guo Wenyan Su Lei Zhu Jin Fang Zhi-Guo Zhang Feng Liu Maojie Zhang thomas p. russell Yongfang Li State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional p.lymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China Dep.rtment of p.ysics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China p.lymer Science and Engineering Dep.rtment University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Herein,we fabricated all-p.lymer solar cells(all-p.Cs)based on a fluorinated wide-bandgap.p.typ. conjugated p.lymer p.6 as the donor,and a narrow bandgap.n-typ. conjugated p.lymer p.1 as the accep.or.In addition to the comp.ementary absorp.ion and matching energy levels,the op.imized blend films p.ssess high cystallinity,p.edominantly face-on stacking,and a suitable p.ase sep.rated morp.ology.With this active layer,the devices exhibited a high Vocof 0.96 V,a sup.rior Jscof 17.1 mA cm^-2,a fine fill factor(FF)of 68.2%,and thus an excellent p.wer conversion efficiency(p.E)of 11.2%,which is the highest value rep.rted to date for single-junction all-p.Cs.Furthermore,the devices showed good storage stability.After 80 d of storage in the N2-filled glovebox,the p.E still remained over 90%of the original value.Large-area devices(1.1 cm^2)also demonstrated an outstanding p.rformance with a p.E of 9.2%,among the highest values for the rep.rted large-area all-p.Cs.These results indicate that the p.6:p.1 blend is a p.omising candidate for scale-up.p.oduction of large area high-p.rformance all-p.Cs.

关键词： all-p.lymer solar cells fluorine substitution p.wer conversion efficiency wide bandgap p.lymer p.lymer accep.or

Examining the“revisability”benefit of hip.resurfacing arthrop.asty

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2024年第6期15卷 554-559页

作者： Jose George Adam J Taylor thomas p.Schmalzried Dep.rtment of Orthop.dics Harbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States

BACKGROUND Hip.resurfacing arthrop.asty(HRA)is an alternative to total hip.arthrop.asty(THA)that is typ.cally reserved for young active p.tients because it p.eserves bone.However,the benefits of HRA only hold true if conversion THA after failed HRA p.ovides accep.able outcomes.AIM To comp.re p.tient rep.rted outcomes for conversion THA after HRA failure to p.imary THA.METHODS A retrosp.ctive review of 36 p.tients(37 hip.)that underwent conversion THA for failed HRA between October 2006 and May 2019 by a single surgeon was p.rformed.p.tient rep.rted outcomes[modified Harris Hip.Score(mHHS),University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)activity score]were obtained via an email-based resp.nder-anonymous survey.Outcomes were comp.red to normative data of a p.imary THA cohort with similar demograp.ics.Subgroup.analysis was p.rformed comp.ring outcomes of conversion THA for adverse local tissue reaction(ALTR)vs all other causes for failure.RESULTS The study group.had a lower mHHS than the control group.81.7±13.8 vs 90.2±11.6,p.0.01);however,both group. had similar UCLA activity levels(7.5±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,p.0.51).p.tients that underwent conversion for non-ATLR causes had similar mHHS(85.2±11.5 vs 90.2±11.6,p.0.11)and higher UCLA activity levels(8.5±1.8 vs 7.2±1.6,p.0.01)comp.red to the control group.p.tients that underwent conversion for ATLR had worse mHHS(77.1±14.5 vs 90.2±11.6,p.0.01)and UCLA activity levels(6.1±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,p.0.05)when comp.red to the control group.CONCLUSION p.tient outcomes equivalent to p.imary THA can be achieved following HRA conversion to THA.However,inferior outcomes were demonstrated for ALTR-related HRA failure.p.tient selection and p.rhap. further studies examining alternative HRA bearing surfaces should be considered.

关键词： Total hip.arthrop.asty Hip.resurfacing arthrop.asty Conversion total hip.arthrop.asty Adverse local tissue reaction p.tient rep.rted outcome measures

Laser-Induced Recoverable Fluorescence Quenching of p.rovskite Films at a Microscop.c Grain Scale

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第4期5卷 1189-1199页

作者： Yuren Xiang Yameng Cao Wenqiang Yang Rui Hu Sebastian Wood Bowei Li Qin Hu Fan Zhang Jujie He Mozhgan Yavari Jinlai Zhao Yunlong Zhao Jun Song Junle Qu Rui Zhu thomas p.russell S.Ravi p.Silva Wei Zhang Center for Biomedical Op.ics and p.otonics(CBOp.&College of p.ysics and Op.oelectronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and SystemsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK National p.ysical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddington TW110LWUK Dep.rtment of p.lymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherst MA 01003USA State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscop.c p.ysics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College ofmaterials science and engineering Shenzhen Key laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for interfacial Engineering of FunctionalMaterialsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Understanding the fundamental p.op.rties of metal-halide p.rovskite materials is driving the develop.ent of novel op.oelectronic ap.lications.Here,we rep.rt the observation of a recoverable laser-induced fluorescence quenching p.enomenon in p.rovskite films with a microscop.c grain-scale restriction,accomp.nied by sp.ctral variations.This fluorescence quenching dep.nds on the laser intensity and the dwell time under Auger recombination dominated conditions.These features indicate that the p.rovskite lattice deformation may take the main resp.nsibility for the transient and show a new asp.ct to understand halide p.rovskite p.otostability.We further modulate this p.enomenon by adjusting the charge carrier recombination and extraction,revealing that efficient carrier transfer can imp.ove the bleaching resistance of p.rovskite grains.Our results p.ovide future op.ortunities to attain high-p.rformance devices by tuning the p.rovskite lattice disorder and harvesting the energetic carriers.

关键词： fluorescence quenching p.rovskite p.otop.ysics stability

Host–Guest Molecular Recognition at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces

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Engineering 2021年第5期7卷 603-614页

作者： Beibei Wang Hao Chen Tan Liu Shaowei Shi thomas p.russell Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Dep.rtment of p.lymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Host–guest molecular recognition at the liquid–liquid interface endows the interface with unique p.op.rties,including stimuli-resp.nsiveness and self-regulation,due to the dynamic and reversible nature of non-covalent interactions.Increasing research efforts have been p.t into the p.ep.ration of sup.amolecular interfacial systems such as films and microcap.ules by integrating functional comp.nents(e.g.,colloidal p.rticles,p.lymers)at the interface,p.oviding tremendous op.ortunities in the areas of encap.ulation,delivery vehicles,and bip.asic reaction systems.In this review,we summarize recent p.ogress in sup.amolecular interfacial systems assembled by host–guest chemistry,and p.ovide an overview of the fabrication p.ocess,functions,and p.omising ap.lications of the resultant constructs.

关键词： Liquid-liquid interface Self-assembly Host-guest chemistry Microcap.ules

Ap.lying Machine Learning Ap.roach to Exp.ore Childhood Circumstances and Self-Rated Health in Old Age-China and the US,2020-2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 213-218,I0008-I0013页

作者： Shutong Huo Derek Feng thomas M.Gill Xi Chen Dep.rtment of Health Society&BehaviorPublic HealthUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Dep.rtment of Statistics and Data Science Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUS Dep.rtment of Health p.licy and Management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUS Dep.rtment of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS.

Introduction:Childhood circumstances imp.ct senior health,p.omp.ing the introduction of machine learning methods to assess their individual and collective contributions to senior health.Methods:Using health and retirement study(HRS)and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),we analyzed 2,434 American and 5,612 Chinese p.rticip.nts aged 60 and above.Conditional inference trees and forests were emp.oyed to estimate the influence of childhood circumstances on self-rated health(SRH).Results:The conventional method estimated higher inequality of op.ortunity(IOp.values in both China(0.039,accounting for 22.67%of the total Gini coefficient 0.172)and the US(0.067,accounting for 35.08%of the total Gini coefficient 0.191).In contrast,the conditional inference tree yielded lower estimates(China:0.022,accounting for 12.79%of 0.172;US:0.044,accounting for 23.04%of 0.191),as did the forest(China:0.035,accounting for 20.35%of 0.172;US:0.054,accounting for 28.27%of 0.191).Childhood health,financial status,and regional differences were key determinants of senior health.The conditional inference forest consistently outp.rformed others in p.edictive accuracy,as demonstrated by lower out-of-samp.e mean squared error(MSE).Discussion:The findings emp.asize the need for early-life interventions to p.omote health equity in aging p.p.lations.Machine learning showcases the p.tential in identifying contributing factors.

关键词： collective inequality estimates

Does top.cal vancomycin p.event fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing op.n reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit Gandhi Gop.sankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj thomas Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia Dep.rtment of p.eventive and Social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

p.rp.se:The role of top.cal vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is debatable.Very few studies have rep.rted their efficacy in op.n and high-risk extremity fractures.This study aimed to assess top.cal vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing op.n surgical intervention with an imp.ant.Methods:This p.osp.ctive randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January 2022.p.tients with isolated closed fractures,who were p.anned for op.n reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this study.The data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up.for surgery.p.tients were randomized into the intervention and control group. using the block randomization technique.The control group.received only systemic antibiotic p.op.ylaxis,whereas the intervention group.received top.cal ap.lication of vancomycin p.wder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic p.op.ylaxis.The p.imary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these individuals.Clinical and radiological findings and culture rep.rts(in cases with infection)were recorded during the p.st-op.rative p.riod and at 6 weeks of follow-up.All relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-p.rallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp.LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shap.ro-Wilk W test.An indep.ndent samp.es t-test with equal variances was ap.lied to the age data.Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of the p.imary outcome measure(p.esence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 group. was calculated.The strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,resp.ctively.Results:There were 88 p.tients included in this study.No statistical significance was found about FRI between both grou

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures

Sp.tiotemp.ral characteristics of cultivated land use eco-efficiency and its influencing factors in China from 2000 to 2020

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第3期16卷 396-414页

作者： LI Shaoting MU Na REN Yanjun thomas GLAUBEN College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Sino-German Center for Agricultural and Food Economics Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Develop.ent in Transition Economies(IAMO) Halle 06120Germany

Imp.oving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively p.omote agricultural sustainability,p.rticularly in develop.ng countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used p.ovincial-level data from China to evaluate the sp.tiotemp.ral evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a p.nel Tobit model.In addition,given the undesirable outp.ts of agricultural p.oduction,we incorp.rated carbon emissions and nonp.int source p.llution into the global benchmark-undesirable outp.t-sup.r efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable outp.t,sup.r efficiency,and slacks-based measure.The results indicated that there was an up.ard trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temp.ral evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a p.riod of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a p.ase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a p.riod of rap.d growth(2015-2020).The major grain-p.oducing areas(Mp.s)had a lower CLUE than their counterp.rts,namely,non-major grain-p.oduction areas(non-Mp.s).The sp.tial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip.distribution;and the movement p.th of barycentre revealed a"p.shap.,with Luoyang City,Henan p.ovince,as the centre.In terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology p.ayed the most vital role in imp.oving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative effect.It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different imp.cts on Mp.s and non-Mp.s.Therefore,relevant dep.rtments should formulate p.licies to enhance the level of science and technology,imp.ove irrigation condition,and p.omote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.

关键词： cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE) slacks-based measure(SBM)model barycentre model standard deviation ellip.e(SDE) p.nel Tobit model carbon emissions nonp.int source p.llution