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Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1040-1054页

作者： Claire L.Phillips Kylie M.Meyer Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Clara S.Weidman Catherine E.Stewart thomas Wanzek Michael A.Grusak Donald W.Watts Jeff novak Kristin M.Trippe USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesIAUSA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit CorvallisORUSA Department of Environmental Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA USDA-ARS Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit Ft.CollinsCOUSA USDA-ARS Edward T.Schafer Agricultural Research Center FargoNDUSA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterFlorenceSCUSA

Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen(N)owing to their high carbon(C)content,which stimulates microbial ***,because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available,their total elemental C:N ratio does not correspond well with impacts on soil *** hypothesized that impacts on soil plant-available N would relate to biochar mineralizable-C(C_(min))content,and that C:N ratios of the mineralizable biochar component could provide a means for predicting conditions of net soil N-mineralization *** conducted two laboratory experiments,the first measuring biochar C_(min)from respiration of isotopically labeled barley biochars manufactured at 300,500,and 750℃,and the second characterizing C_(min)by proxy measurements for ten biochars from six feedstocks at several *** both experiments,soils were incubated with 2%biochar by mass to determine impacts to soil *** to expectation,all the biochars increased soil N-mineralization relative to unamended *** unexpected,higher temperature(500 and 700℃)barley biochars with less C_(min)stimulated more soil decomposition and more soil N-mineralization than a 350℃barley ***,across diverse biochar feedstocks and production methods,none of the biochar characteristics correlated with soil *** finding of improved soil N-mineralization adds complexity to the range of soil N responses that can be expected in response to biochar *** of the limited ability to predict soil N responses from biochar properties,users should monitor soil N to manage soil fertility.

关键词： C:N ratio Plant-available nitrogen Priming Respiration ^(13)C

Vacuole Integrity Maintained by DUF300 Proteins Is Required for Brassinosteroid Signaling Regulation

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Molecular Plant 2018年第4期11卷 553-567页

作者： Qinsong Liu thomas Vain Corrado Viotti Siamsa M, Doyle Danuse Tarkowska Ondrej novak Cyril Zipfel Folke Sitbon Stephanie Robert Daniel Hofius Department of Plant Biology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology PO Box 7080 750 07 Uppsala Sweden Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Umea Plant Science Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) 90183 Umea Sweden Umea Plant Science Centre Umea University 90187 Umea Sweden Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Plant Physiology University of Potsdam 14476 Potsdam Germany Laboratory of Growth Regulators Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacky University 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic The Sainsbury Laboratory Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK These authors contributed equally to this article. Present addresses: Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) College of Life Science China West Normal University Nanchong 637009 Sichuan China Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes du CNRS IBMP-CNRS UPR2357 12 rue du General Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg France

Brassinosteroid （BR） hormone signaling controls multiple processes during plant growth and development and is initiated at the plasma membrane through the receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 （BRI1） together with co-receptors such as BRI1-ASSOClATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 （BAK1）. BRI1 abun- dance is regulated by endosomal recycling and vacuolar targeting, but the role of vacuole-related proteins in BR receptor dynamics and BR responses remains elusive. Here, we show that the absence of two DUF300 domain-containing tonoplast proteins, LAZARUS1 （LAZl） and LAZl HOMOLOG1 （LAZlH1）, causes vacuole morphology defects, growth inhibition, and constitutive activation of BR signaling. Intriguingly, tonoplast accumulation of BAK1 was substantially increased and appeared causally linked to enhanced BRI1 trafficking and degradation in lazl lazlhl plants. Since unrelated vacuole mutants exhibited normal BR responses, our findings indicate that DUF300 proteins play distinct roles in the regulation of BR signaling by maintaining vacuole integrity required to balance subcellular BAK1 pools and BR receptor distribution.

关键词： brassinosteroid signaling vacuole integrity DUF300 proteins tonoplast Arabidopsis

Urease activity and nitrogen dynamics in highly weathered soils with designer biochars under corn cultivation

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Biochar 2020年第3期2卷 343-356页

作者： Gilbert C.Sigua Jeff M.novak Don W.Watts William T.Myers thomas F.Ducey Kenneth C.Stone United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCoastal Plains SoilWaterand Plant Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA

The application of designer biochar has the potential to impact soil enzyme activity and soil nitrogen ***,very little is known about the mechanisms responsible for biochar-enzyme-nitrogen interaction in highly weathered *** objective of our 3-year(2016-2018)field experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of designer biochars(DB)in enhancing urease activity(UA),total nitrogen(TN),total inorganic nitrogen(TIN),and nitrogen uptake(NU)at different growth stages(GS)of corn in a highly weathered soil of southeastern Coastal Plain region,*** treatments have consisted of the control,100%pine chips(100PC),100%poultry litter(100PL),2:1 blend of PC and PL(PCPL),100%raw switchgrass(Panicum vaginatum,L;100RSG),and 2:1 blend of PC and RSG(PCRSG).All the designer biochar treatments were applied at the rate of 30,000 kg ha^(−1)to a Goldsboro loamy sand in *** activity,TN,TIN,and NU varied remarkably with DB(p≤0.0001)at different GS(p≤0.0001)of *** treated with 100PL had the greatest UA(28.18μg N g^(−1)h^(−1)),TN(0.087%),and TIN(14.53 mg kg^(−1))while the least UA,TN,and TIN of 20.55μg N g^(−1)h^(−1),0.063%,and 5.42 mg kg^(−1),respectively,were observed from the *** three-year TN average increase over the control was in the order:100PL(36.8%)>100RSG(25.8%)>PCRSG(25.3%)>PCPL(23.9%)>100PC(7.1%).The greatest NU of corn of 140.4 kg N ha^(−1)was from soils treated with 100PL while the least amount of NU was from ***,our results showed promising significance for the treatment of highly weathered soils since the application of DB did enhance UA and improve TN and TIN in the soils.

关键词： Goldsboro sandy loam Coastal plain Corn Urease activity Highly weathered soil Nitrogen Designer biochars Total inorganic nitrogen

Biochar compost blends facilitate switchgrass growth in mine soils by reducing Cd and Zn bioavailability

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 97-114页

作者： Jeffrey M.novak James A.Ippolito Donald W.Watts Gilbert C.Sigua thomas F.Ducey Mark G.Johnson Coastal Plains Soil Water and Plant Research CenterUnited States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceFlorenceSC 29501USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory United States Environmental Protection AgencyCorvallisOR 97331USA

Biochars have the potential to reclaim mine-impacted soils;however,their variable physico-chemical properties incite specu-lation about their successful remediation *** investigation examined the capability of biochars produced from three different feedstocks along with a compost blend to improve switchgrass growth conditions in a mine-impacted soil by examining influences on soil pH,grass metal contents,and soil-extractable metal ***(Cd)-and zinc(Zn)-contaminated mine soil was collected from a site near Webb City,Missouri,USA-a location within the Tri-State Min-ing *** a full factorial design,soil was treated with a 0%,2.5%,and 5%(w/w)compost mixture(wood chips+beef cattle manure),and 0%,2.5%and 5%of each biochar pyrolyzed from beef cattle manure,poultry litter,and lodgepole pine ***(Panicum virgatum,‘Cave-In-Rock’variety)was grown in a greenhouse for 50 days and the mass of shoots(above-ground biomass)and roots was assessed,while soil pH,deionized H_(2)O-and 0.01 M CaCl_(2)-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations were *** litter biochar and compost had the greatest ability to raise soil pH(from 4.40 to 6.61),beef cattle manure biochar and compost moderately raised pH(from 4.4 to 5.92),and lodgepole pine biochar and compost weakly raised pH(from 4.40 to 5.05).Soils treated with beef cattle manure biochar,poultry litter biochar signifi-cantly reduced deionized H_(2)O-and 0.01 M CaCl_(2)-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations,while lodgepole pine biochar-treated soils showed mixed *** shoot and root masses were greatest in soil treated with compost in combination with either beef cattle manure biochar or poultry litter *** treated with 5%beef cattle manure biochar+5%compost had greater reductions in total Cd and Zn concentrations measured in switchgrass shoots and roots compared to the other two *** three biochars and compost mixtures applied to heavy metal,mine-im

关键词： Biochar Heavy metals Metal sorption Tri-State Mine soil Remediation Switchgrass

Quasi-likelihood techniques in a logistic regression equation for identifying Simulium damnosum *** habitats intra-cluster covariates in Togo

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2012年第2期15卷 117-133页

作者： Benjamin G.JACOB Robert J.novak Laurent TOE Moussa S.SANFO Abena N.AFRIYIE Mohammed A.IBRAHIM Daniel A.GRIFFITH thomas R.UNNASCH Global Infectious Disease Research Program Department of Public HealthCollege of Public HealthUniversity of South Florida3720 Spectrum BlvdSuite 304TampaFL 33612USA Onchocerciasis Control Programme(OCP) B.P.1473 Avenue NorteZombreSector 8OuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburg3260 Forbes AvenueFirst FloorUSA Department of Biology Wake Forest University226 Winston HallBox 7325 Reynolda StationWinston-SalemNC 27109USA School of Economic and Policy Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbell RoadRichardsonTX 75080-3021USA

The standard methods for regression analyses of clustered riverine larval habitat data of Simulium damnosum s.l.a major black-fly vector of onchoceriasis,postulate models relating observational ecological-sampled parameter estimators to prolific habitats without accounting for residual intra-cluster error correlation ***,this correlation comes from two sources:(1)the design of the random effects and their assumed covariance from the multiple levels within the regression model and(2)the correlation structure of the ***,inconspicuous errors in residual intracluster correlation estimates can overstate precision in forecasted *** *** larval habitat explanatory attributes regardless how they are treated(***,autoregressive,Toeplitz,etc.).In this research,the geographical locations for multiple riverine-based *** *** ecosystem habitats sampled from two preestablished epidemiological sites in Togo were identified and recorded from July 2009 to June ***,the data were aggregated into PROC *** agglomerative hierarchical residual cluster-based analysis was then *** sampled clustered study site data was then analyzed for statistical correlations using monthly biting rates(MBR).Euclidean distance measurements and terrain-related geomorphological statistics were then generated in ArcGIS.A digital overlay was then performed also in ArcGIS using the georeferenced ground coordinates of high and low density clusters stratified by annual biting rates(ABR).The data was overlain onto multitemporal sub-meter pixel resolution satellite data(*** 0.61m wavbands).Orthogonal spatial filter eigenvectors were then generated in SAS/Geographic Information Systems(GIS).Univariate and nonlinear regression-based models(***,Poisson,and negative binomial)were also employed to determine probability distributions and to identify statistically significant parameter estimators from the

关键词： Simulium damnosum s.l.cluster covariates QuickBird Onchoceriasis Annual biting rates Bayesian Togo

Microbial response to designer biochar and compost treatments for mining impacted soils

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Biochar 2021年第3期3卷 299-314页

作者： thomas F.Ducey Jeffrey M.novak Gilbert C.Sigua James A.Ippolito Hannah C.Rushmiller Donald W.Watts Kristin M.Trippe Kurt A.Spokas Kenneth C.Stone Mark G.Johnson Coastal Plains Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterAgricultural Research Service-USDAFlorenceSCUSA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA National Forage Seed Production Research Center Agricultural Research Service-USDACorvallisORUSA Soil and Water Management Research Unit Agricultural Research Service-USDASt.PaulMNUSA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory US Environmental Protection AgencyCorvallisORUSA

The Oronogo-Duenweg mining belt is a designated United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site due to lead-contaminated soil and groundwater by former mining and smelting *** that have undergone remediation-in which the O,A,and B horizons have been removed alongside the lead contamination-have an exposed C horizon and are incalcitrant to revegetation *** also continue to contain quantifiable Cd and Zn *** improve soil conditions and encourage successful site revegetation,our study employed three biochars,sourced from different feedstocks(poultry litter,beef cattle manure,and lodgepole pine),at two rates of application(2.5%,and 5%),coupled with compost(0%,2.5%and 5%application rates).Two plant species-switchgrass(Panicum virgatum)and buffalograss(Bouteloua dactyloides)-were grown in the amended *** of soils with poultry litter biochar applied at 5%resulted in the greatest reduction of soil bioavailable Cd and ***-ground biomass yields were greatest with beef cattle manure biochar applied at 2.5%with 5%compost,or with 5%biochar at 2.5%and 5%compost *** microbial biomass was achieved with 5%poultry litter biochar and 5%compost,and microbial communities in soils amended with poultry litter biochar distinctly clustered away from all other soil ***,poultry litter biochar amended soils had the highest enzyme activity rates forβ-glucosidase,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase,and *** results suggest that soil reclamation using biochar and compost can improve mine-impacted soil biogeophysical characteristics,and potentially improve future remediation efforts.

关键词： Biochar Compost Microbial response Mine soil reclamation Plant growth

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING