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Effects of Cereal Malts Used as Improver on Physico-Chemical, Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Wheat and Millet Composites Breads

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 669-689页

作者： Fidèle Wend-Bénédo Tapsoba Diarra Compaore-Sereme Clarisse Sidbéwendé Compaore thomas jean ndig-yenouba Wendkuni Anne Christelle Yaogho Ndegwa Henri Maina Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani Département Technologie Alimentaire (DTA) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest Unité Universitaire à Bobo-Dioulasso (UCAO/UUB) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut Supérieur de Technologies Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

The aim of this study was to optimize composite breads of wheat and whole millet flour by the use of natural improvers. Three types of local malted cereals were used as natural improvers. The millet flour was fermented with EPSs producing LAB strain prior to use. The technological characteristics of the composite flours were determined using an alveograph. The physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of the composite breads were determined using standard methods and their sensory profiles were evaluated by a panel of 35 consumers. The alveograph results showed an increase in dough resistance, deformation and a decrease in extensibility and elasticity with the level of incorporation of millet flour. From the results of physico-chemical analyses of composite breads, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the use of the three types of local cereal malts except for the incorporation of 50% of the millet flour. The control sample presented the lowest acidity and dry matter value, the highest water content and pH value. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the use of the three types of cereal malts for the macronutrient contents of the composite bread samples. However, differences were observed according to the levels of incorporation. Macronutrients results showed an increase in protein content (11.17% ± 0.28% - 14.01% ± 0.10%/DM);crude fat content (1.86% ± 0.05% - 2.48% ± 0.20%/DM) and a decrease in carbohydrates content (85.36% ± 0.54% - 81.06% ± 0.36%/ DM). Regarding the content of mineral elements, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the use of the three types of cereal malts for the incorporation of 15% (Mg and Fe content), 30% (Fe, Zn and K) and 50% (content of Zn, K, Na and Mg) of millet flour. The free amino acid profile revealed three essential amino acids such as valine, isoleucine and lysine. Breads incorporated with 30% of whole millet flour were the most appreciated by consumers.

关键词： Composite Bread Cereal Malts Improver Millet Sensorial Characteristics

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Recent trends in the treatment of well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma of the small bowel

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第14期16卷 1696-1706页

作者： Gilles Poncet jean-Luc Faucheron thomas Walter Department of Digestive Surgery Edouard Herriot Hospital 69437 Lyon cedex 03 France Department of Colorectal Surgery Michallon Hospital 38043 Grenoble cedex France Department of Medical Oncology Pavillon H Edouard Herriot Hospital 69437 Lyon Cedex 03 France

Well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the small bowel are fairly rare neoplasms that present many clinical challenges. They secrete peptides and neuroamines that may cause carcinoid syndrome. However, many are clinically silent until late presentation with major effects. Initial treatment aims to control carcinoid syndrome with somatostatin analogs. Even if there is metastatic spread, surgical resection of the primitive tumor should be discussed in cases of retractile mesenteritis, small bowel ischemia or subocclusive syndrome in order to avoid any acute complication, in particular at the beginning of somatostatin analog treatment. The choice of treatment depends on the symptoms, general health of the patient, tumor burden, degree of uptake of radionuclide, histological features of the tumor, and tumor growth. Management strategies include surgery for cure (which is rarely achieved) or for cytoreduction, radiological interventions (transarterial embolization or radiofrequency ablation), and chemotherapy (interferon and somatostatin analogs). New biological agent and radionuclide targeted therapies are under investigation. Diffuse and non-evolving lesions should also be simplymonitored. Finally, it has to be emphasized that it is of the utmost importance to enroll these patients with a rare disease in prospective clinical trials assessing new therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Gastrointestinal neoplasms Neuroendocrine carcinoma Carcinoid tumor Somatostatin analogs Therapeutic chemoembolization Surgery

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The ecology of predispersal insect herbivory on tree reproductive structures in natural forest ecosystems

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 182-198页

作者： thomas Boivir Violette Doublet jean-Noel Candau Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada URFM INRA Avignon FranceGreat Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada

Plant-insect interactions are key model systems to assess how some species affect the distribution, the abundance, and the evolution of others. Tree reproductive structures represent a critical resource for many insect species, which can be likely drivers of demography, spatial distribution, and trait diversification of plants. In this review, we present the ecological implications of predispersal herbivory on tree reproductive structures by insects (PIHR) in forest ecosystems. Both insect's and tree's perspectives are addressed with an emphasis on how spatiotemporal variation and unpredictability in seed availability can shape such particular plant-animal interactions. Reproductive structure insects show strong trophic specialization and guild diversification. Insects evolved host selection and spatiotemporal dispersal strategies in response to variable and unpredictable abundance of reproductive structures in both space and time. If PIHR patterns have been well documented in numerous systems, evidences of the subsequent demographic and evolutionary impacts on tree populations are still constrained by time-scale challenges of experimenting on such long-lived organisms, and modeling approaches of tree dynamics rarely consider PIHR when including biotic interactions in their processes. We suggest that spatially explicit and mechanistic approaches of the interactions between individual tree fecundity and in sect dynamics will clarify predictions of the demogenetic implications of PIHR in tree populations. In a global change context, further experimental and theoretical contributions to the likelihood of life-cycle disruptions between plants and their specialized herbivores, and to how these changes may gen erate novel dynamic patterns in each partner of the interaction are increasingly critical.

关键词： diapause dispersal forest dynamics masting predispersal seed predation plant-insect interactions

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Simple Fabrication and Characterization of Discontinuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite for Lightweight Heat Sink Applications

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第4期27卷 714-722页

作者： Hiroki Kurita Emilien Feuillet thomas Guillemet jean-Marc Heintz Akira Kawasaki jean-Francois Silvain DEN/DANS/DMN/SRMA/LTMEx CEA SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry of Bordeaux BordeauxFrance Department of Materials Processing Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku University

The constant increase in power and heat flux densities encountered in electronic devices fuels a rising demand for lightweight heat sink materials with suitable thermal *** this study,discontinuous pitch-based carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix（Al-CF） composites with aluminum–silicon alloy（Al–Si） were fabricated through hot *** small amount of Al–Si contributed to enhance the sintering process in order to achieve fully dense Al–CF composites.A thermal conductivity and CTE of 258 W/（m K） and 7.0 9 10-6/K in the in-plane direction of the carbon fibers were obtained for a（Al95 vol%＋ Al–Si5 vol%）-CF50 vol%*** fiber provides the reducing of CTE while the conservation of thermal conductivity and weight of *** achieved CTEs satisfy the standard requirements for a heat sink material,which furthermore possess a specific thermal conductivity of 109 W cm3/（m K g）.This simple process allows the low-cost fabrication of Al–CF composite,which is applicable for a lightweight heat sink material.

关键词： Carbon fiber Metal-matrix composites(MMCs) Thermal properties Powder processing

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Ontogeny of Drosophila melanogaster female sex-appeal and cuticular hydrocarbons

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第3期5卷 272-282页

作者： Marisa ARIENTI Claude ANTONY Claude WICKER-thomas jean-Paul DELBECQUE jean-Marc JALLON University of Paris South 11 Center of Neurosciences of Paris SouthOrsayFrance Department of Biology Autonoma Metropolitan University-XochimilcoMexico DFMexico EMBL HeidelbergGermany LEGS CNRSGif sur YvetteFrance University of Bordeaux 1 Center of Integrative and Cognitive NeurosciencesTalenceFrance

The chemical communication system in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen,1830 plays a major role in courtship and consists of the male-specific cis-Vaccenyl acetate and sex-specific contact pheromones,cuticular hydrocarbons(CHC),which build up during ontogeny(first 4 days).They replace longer CHCs,common to both sexes and present only after the imaginal eclosion.A detailed quantitative description of the evolution of cuticular unsaturated hydrocarbons with age is presented here for males and females of different *** strains,which have been bred in well controlled *** appear in both sexes at around 12 h,before female *** present paper argues that this is likely linked to the switching on of a new set of ***,which is more abundant in females than in males during this critical period,might control this *** behavioral studies show that whereas female of all ages trigger early mature male courtship steps like wing vibration,only females older than 1 day trigger late courtship steps like attempted *** supports the hypothesis that late male courtship steps might be triggered by the CHCs,which build up after this age,especially female-specific(Z,Z)-7,11-and(Z,Z)-5,9-dienes.

关键词： contact pheromones Drosophila melanogaster ecdysone control ontogeny sex differences

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Rectifying jet breakup by electric forcing

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Droplet 2023年第2期2卷 85-93页

作者： David Van Assche thomas Beneyton jean-Christophe Baret CRPP UMR5031CNRSUniversitéde BordeauxPessacFrance Institut Universitaire de France ParisFrance

The high-throughput production of monodisperse droplets is paramount in most of the applications in droplet *** a flow-focusing junction,a straightforward way to increase droplet production rate is to increase the flow ***,at a critical flow velocity,the droplet monodispersity breaks down due to a transition from the dripping to the jetting *** a result,a much more polydisperse droplet population is *** change from monodisperse to polydisperse droplet production emerges from the intrinsic properties of the instabilities of *** the jetting regime,droplet pinch-off is governed by a convective instability which amplifies random noise when traveling down the jet leading to an irregular *** show that with the use of an amplitude-modulated electric signal,we select the breakup frequency of the *** the perturbation frequency close to the natural breakup frequency of the jet,we increase the monodispersity of the droplet *** method is applicable to droplet production at a high throughput,that is,beyond the dripping to jetting threshold,including an active control since the frequency,and hence droplet sizes,are determined by the forcing frequency.

关键词： disperse regime hence

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Field validation of generic wind park models using fault records

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第4期7卷 826-836页

作者： Aboutaleb HADDADI Ilhan KOCAR thomas KAUFFMANN Ulas KARAAGAC Evangelos FARANTATOS jean MAHSEREDJIAN Polytechnique Montreal MontréalCanada The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong KongChina Electric Power Research Institute(EPRI) Palo AltoUSA

A challenge faced by protection and planning engineers is the development and validation of accurate wind turbine generator(WTG)models to study the impact of increasing wind integration on system *** is on the experimental validation of a generic electromagnetic transient-type(EMT-type)model of aggregated WTGs or wind parks suitable for transient *** phasor domain equivalent of the generic model,suitable for protection tools based on steady-state solvers,is also *** model has been validated using two sets of actual relay records for the fault response of two wind parks consisting of Type-III WTGs and connected to115 kV and 230 kV transmission *** objective is to show that the generic model can reproduce the actual fault response in simulations,and protection engineers can obtain accurate models of wind parks using fault records.A distinctive characteristic of a WTG is its substantially different negative sequence fault current contribution compared to a synchronous *** paper shows that the generic model provides enough options to reproduce the negative sequence behavior and hence is suitable for fault studies involving negative sequence-based protection.

关键词： Renewable generation Wind turbine generator Doubly-fed induction generator Short-circuit analysis Electromagnetic transient-type model Phasor domain model

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Efficient unidirectional polarization-controlled excitation of surface plasmon polaritons

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 100-105页

作者： Anders Pors Michael G Nielsen thomas Bernardin jean-Claude Weeber Sergey I Bozhevolnyi Department of Technology and Innovation University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark LICB UMR 6303 CNRS–University of BurgundyF-21078 DijonFrance

Efficient excitation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)remains one of the most challenging issues in areas of plasmonics related to information communication *** particular,combining high SPP excitation efficiency and acceptance of any polarization of incident light appeared to be impossible to attain due to the polarized nature of *** we demonstrate plasmonic couplers that represent arrays of gap SPP resonators producing upon reflection two orthogonal phase gradients in respective linear polarizations of incident *** couplers are thereby capable of efficiently converting incident radiation with arbitrary polarization into SPPs that propagate in orthogonal directions dictated by the phase *** couplers operate at telecom wavelengths and feature the coupling efficiency of,25%for either of two linear polarizations of incident radiation and directivity of SPP excitation exceeding *** further demonstrate that an individual wavelength-sized unit cell,representing a meta-scatterer,can also be used for efficient and polarization sensitive SPP excitation in compact plasmonics circuits.

关键词： gap surface plasmons metamaterials metasurfaces surface plasmon polaritonsgap surface plasmons metamaterials metasurfaces surface plasmon polaritons

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Precision Breeding Made Real with CRISPR: Illustration through Genetic Resistance to Pathogens

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Plant Communications 2020年第5期1卷 1-20页

作者： Florian Veillet Mickael Durand thomas Kroj Stella Cesari jean-Luc Gallois IGEPP INRAEInstitut AgroUniv RennesPloudaniel 29260France Germicopa Breeding KerguivarchChateauneuf Du Faou 29520France Institut jean-Pierre Bourgin INRAEAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayVersailles 78000France INRAE BGPIBiology and Genetics of Plant-Pathogen InteractionsCampus International de BaillarguetMontpellierFrance INRAE GAFLMontfavet F-84143France

Since its discovery as a bacterial adaptive immune system and its development for genome editing in eukaryotes,the CRISPR technology has revolutionized plant research and precision crop *** CRISPR toolbox holds great promise in the production of crops with genetic disease resistance to increase agriculture resilience and reduce chemical crop protection with a strong impact on the environment and public *** this review,we provide an extensive overviewon recent breakthroughs in CRISPR technology,including the newly developed prime editing system that allows precision gene editing in *** present how each CRISPR tool can be selected for optimal use in accordance with its specific strengths and limitations,and illustrate how the CRISPR toolbox can foster the development of genetically pathogen-resistant crops for sustainable agriculture.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting base editing prime editing plant/pathogen interactions precision crop breeding

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Low-k integration: Gas screening for cryogenic etching and plasma damage mitigation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 511-516页

作者： Romain Chanson Remi Dussart thomas Tillocher P. Lefaucheux Christian Dussarrat jean Francois de M arneffe IMEC v.z.w. 3001 LeuvenBelgium GREMI/University of Orleans OrleansFrance Air Liquide Laboratories TsukubaJapan

The integration of porous organo-silicate low-k materials has met a lot of technical *** of the main issues is plasma-induced damage,occurring for all plasma steps involved during interconnects *** the present paper,we focus on porous SiOCH low-k damage mitigation using cryogenic temperature so as to enable micro-capillary *** aim is to protect the porous low-k from plasma-induced damage and keep the k-value of the material unchanged,in order to limit the RC delay of interconnexion levels while shrinking the microchip *** cryogenic temperature is used to condense a gas inside the porous low-k ***,the etching process is performed at the temperature of condensation in order to keep the condensate trapped inside the material during the *** the first part of this work,the condensation properties of several gases are screened,leading to a down selection of five ***,their stability into the porous structure is evaluated at different *** of them are used for plasma damage mitigation *** mitigation is effective and shows negligible damage for one of the gases at-50℃.

关键词： low-A nanotechnology micro-electronics cryo-etching plasma processing

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