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Unveiling plant defense arsenal: metabolic strategies in Brassica oleracea during black rot disease

Horticulture Research 2023年第11期10卷 120-130页

作者： Carmen Vega-Álvarez Pilar Soengas thomas Roitsch Rosaura Abilleira Pablo Velasco Marta Francisco Group of Genetics Breeding and Biochemistry of BrassicasMisión Biológica de Galicia(CSIC)ES-36143PontevedraSpain Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2630TaastrupDenmark

Alterations in plant metabolism play a key role in the complex plant-pathogen ***,there is still a lack of knowledge about the connection between changes in primary and specialized metabolism and the plant defense against diseases that impact ***,we aim to study the metabolic reprograming in Brassica oleracea plants upon infection by Xanthomonas campestris ***(Xcc).To accomplish this,we utilized a combination of untargeted and targeted metabolomics,through UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and 1H-NMR,in two crop lines differing in resistance thatwere evaluated at two-and four-week intervals following inoculation(T1 and T2,respectively).Besides,to depict the physiological status of the plant during infection,enzymatic activities related to the carbohydrate pathway and oxidative stress were *** results revealed different temporal dynamics in the responses of the susceptible *** crops *** *** line suppresses carbohydrate metabolism contributing to limit nutrient supplies to the bacterium and prioritizes the induction of defensive compounds such as indolic glucosinolates,salicylic acid,phenylpropanoids and phytoalexins precursors at early infection *** contrast,the susceptible line invests in carbohydratemetabolism,including enzymatic activities related to the hexoses turnover,and activates defense signaling related to reactive oxygen ***,each line triggers a different metabolic strategy that will affect how the plant overcomes the disease in terms of resistance and *** work provides first insights of a fine-tuned metabolic regulation during Xcc infection in *** that will contribute to develop new strategies for plant disease management.

关键词： metabolic metabolism black

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Multiscale Domain Decomposition Methods for Elliptic Problems with High Aspect Ratios

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2002年第1期18卷 63-76页

作者： jφrgAarnes thomas Y.Hou Department of Mathematics University of BergenJohs.Brunsgt.125008 BergenNorwayApplied Mathematics217-50CaltechPasadenaCA 91125

In this paper we study some nonoverlapping domain decomposition methods for solving a class of elliptic problems arising from composite materials and flows in porous media which contain many spatial scales. Our preconditioner differs from traditional domain decomposition preconditioners by using a coarse solver which is adaptive to small scale heterogeneous features. While the convergence rate of traditional domain decomposition algorithms using coarse solvers based on linear or polynomial interpolations may deteriorate in the presence of rapid small scale oscillations or high aspect ratios, our preconditioner is applicable to multiple-scale problems without restrictive assumptions and seems to have a convergence rate nearly independent of the aspect ratio within the substructures. A rigorous convergence analysis based on the Schwarz framework is carried out, and we demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed preconditioner through numerical experiments which include problems with multiple-scale coefficients, as well problems with continuous scales.

关键词： Multiscale elliptic problems Domain decomposition Schwarz methods Porous media

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Complete ablation of tumors using synchronous chemoradiation with bimetallic theranostic nanoparticles

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 74-84页

作者： Hamed Nosrati Elahe Attari Fatemeh Abhari Murat Barsbay Mohammadreza Ghaffarlou Navid Mousazadeh Rasoul Vaezi Taras Kavetskyy Hamed Rezaeejam thomas j.Webster Behrooz johari Hossein Danafar Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems DrohobychUkraineBakuAzerbaijan Department of Radiology School of Paramedical SciencesZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139-56184Iran Hacettepe University Department of ChemistryBeytepeAnkara06800Turkey Department of Medical Biotechnology School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139-56184Iran Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology School of PharmacyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran Department of Surface Engineering The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin20-950LublinPoland Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University 82100DrohobychUkraine Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115United States

Synchronous chemotherapy and radiotherapy,termed chemoradiation therapy,is now an important standard regime for synergistic cancer *** such treatment,nanoparticles can serve as improved carriers of chemotherapeutics into tumors and as better radiosensitizers for localized ***,we designed a Schottky-type theranostic heterostructure,Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au,with deep level defects(DLDs)in Bi_(2)S_(3) as a nano-radiosensitizer and CT imaging contrast agent which can generate reactive free radicals to initiate DNA damage within tumor cells under X-ray ***(MTX)was conjugated onto the Bi_(2)S_(3)-Au nanoparticles as a chemotherapeutic agent showing enzymatic stimuli-responsive release *** designed hybrid system also contained curcumin(CUR),which cannot only serve as a nutritional supplement for chemotherapy,but also can play an important role in the radioprotection of normal ***,this combined one-dose chemoradiation therapeutic injection of co-drug loaded bimetallic multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles with a one-time clinical X-ray irradiation,completely eradicated tumors in mice after approximately 20 days after irradiation showing extremely effective anticancer efficacy which should be further studied for numerous anti-cancer applications.

关键词： Combination therapy Radiosensitizer Semiconductor Heterojunction Radioprotector

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Particle flow simulations with homogenised lattice Boltzmann methods

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 1-13页

作者： Mathias j. Krause Fabian Klemens thomas Henn Robin Trunk Hermann Nirschl Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany

An alternative approach to simulating arbitrarily shaped particles submersed in viscous fluid in two dimensions is proposed, obtained by adapting the velocity parameter of the equilibrium distribution function of a standard lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）. Comparisons of exemplifying simulations to results in the literature validate the approach as well as the convergence analysis. Pressure fluctuations occurring in Ladd＇s approach are greatly reduced. In comparison with the immersed boundary method, this approach does not require cost intensive interpolations. The parallel efficiency of LBM is retained. An intrinsic momentum transfer is observed during particle-particle collisions. To demonstrate the capa- bilities of the approach, sedimentation of particles of several shapes is simulated despite omitting an explicit particle collision model.

关键词： Particulate flow simulationsArbitrarily shaped particlesLattice Boltzmann methodsValidationSedimentation processes

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Recent Increased Warming of the Alaskan Marine Arctic Due to Midlatitude Linkages

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 75-84页

作者： james E.OVERLAND Muyin WANG thomas j.BALLINGER NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle WA 98115USA joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Oceans University of Washington Seattle WA 98115USA Department of Geography Texas State UniversitySan Marcos TX 78666USA

Alaskan Arctic waters have participated in hemispheric-wide Arctic warming over the last two decades at over two times the rate of global warming. During 2008–13, this relative warming occurred only north of the Bering Strait and the atmospheric Arctic front that forms a north–south thermal barrier. This front separates the southeastern Bering Sea temperatures from Arctic air masses. Model projections show that future temperatures in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas continue to warm at a rate greater than the global rate, reaching a change of +4°C by 2040 relative to the 1981–2010 mean. Offshore at 74°N, climate models project the open water duration season to increase from a current average of three months to five months by 2040. These rates are occasionally enhanced by midlatitude connections. Beginning in August 2014, additional Arctic warming was initiated due to increased SST anomalies in the North Pacific and associated shifts to southerly winds over Alaska, especially in winter 2015–16. While global warming and equatorial teleconnections are implicated in North Pacific SSTs, the ending of the 2014–16 North Pacific warm event demonstrates the importance of internal, chaotic atmospheric natural variability on weather conditions in any given year. Impacts from global warming on Alaskan Arctic temperature increases and sea-ice and snow loss, with occasional North Pacific support, are projected to continue to propagate through the marine ecosystem in the foreseeable future. The ecological and societal consequences of such changes show a radical departure from the current Arctic environment.

关键词： Alaska North Pacific Arctic warm advection polar vortex

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Microbial roles equivalent to geological agents of high temperature and pressure in deep Earth

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第11期59卷 2098-2104页

作者： XIE ShuCheng LIU Deng QIU Xuan HUANG XianYu thomas j.ALGEO State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Department of Geology University of Cincinnati

Microbes not only show sensitive responses to environmental changes but also play important roles in geochemical and geophysical systems. It is well known that microbes have caused major changes in surface environments and biogeochemical cycles through Earth history. Microbial processes can also induce the synthesis of certain minerals under Earth-surface conditions that previously were believed to form only under high temperatures and pressures in the deep Earth. For example, microbes can promote the conversion of smectite to illite, synthesis of authigenic plagioclase, precipitation of dolomite, and biotransformation of geolipids. These effects of microbes are due to their large surface/volume ratios, enzyme production, and abundant functional groups. Microbial catalyzation of chemical reactions proceeds through reaction-specific enzymes, a decrease in Gibbs' s free energy, and/or break through the dynamics reaction thresholds via their metabolisms and physiology. Microbes can lower the surface free energy of mineral nuclei via biophysical adsorption due to their large surface/volume ratios and abundant functional groups. The mineral precipitation and transformation processes induced by microbes are functionally equivalent to geological processes operating at high temperatures and pressures in the deep Earth, suggesting that microbial processes can serve as analogs to deep abiotic processes that are difficult to observe.

关键词：地理生物学微生物引起的功能的组 Illitization 斜长石白云石 Geolipids

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Evaluating Structural and Temporal Factors Affecting Supply of Ecosystem Benefits in a University Urban Environment in South Carolina, USA

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Open journal of Forestry 2022年第3期12卷 297-311页

作者： Puskar N. Khanal Rajan Parajuli thomas j. Straka Department of Forestry & Environmental Conservation Clemson University Clemson SC USA Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Sustainable urban forest management is still an evolving concept, particularly as it pertains to a sustainable supply of ecosystem benefits and management planning. Urban forestry maintains a greater human dimension component than traditional timber-oriented rural forestry because urban trees grow in city centers and neighborhoods, supplying critical ecosystem benefits to the population centers. The overall goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship of urban forest stand structure and its temporal dynamics with the sustainable supply of ecosystem benefits in university environments. Individual tree data were collected from a completed inventory, while the i-Tree Eco model was used to generate ecosystem benefits data from the Clemson urban forest. The cumulative-benefits supply curve had an inverted j-shaped curve, but the average supply curve had a negative slope against the species richness. Likewise, individual tree variables total height, DBH, leaf area, and crown height strongly correlated with the total ecosystem services supply. Based on the temporal supply trends, the study area trees were broadly segmented into three groups: establishment, growth, and legacy, with 65%, 31%, and 4% frequency distribution, respectively. Urban forest managers need to identify forest management goals and preferred ecosystem benefits among the urban communities to guide the required forest structure and dynamics to ensure a sustainable and functioning urban forest.

关键词： Sustainability Urban Forest Structure Ecosystem Services i-Tree Economic Benefits

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Root Resorption in Anterior Open Bite Malocclusions Due to Vertical Correction: A Radiometric Pilot Study

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Open journal of Orthopedics 2023年第6期13卷 233-245页

作者： Suhina Kapoor David Briss Shuying jiang thomas j. Cangialosi Department of Orthodontics Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark USA

Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions of the root structure. The etiology of apical root resorption is multifactorial but largely depends upon the type of orthodontic tooth movement and treatment duration. Study Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the association of external apical root resorption and vertical correction in anterior open bite malocclusions using panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 16 patients with anterior open bite malocclusions were scored to assess root resorption of anterior teeth (U/L 3-3). Initial and final root length and total tooth length for U/L 3-3 were measured on panoramic radiographs in Dolphin imaging. Results: Of the 24 pairs of measurements, 7 had a significant p-value (p Conclusions: A statistically significant amount of root resorption was observed, from pre-treatment to post-treatment radiographs. All mandibular anterior teeth except the mandibular right lateral incisors showed evidence of root resorption.

关键词： Open bite malocclusion External apical root resorption Open bite closure

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Severe Hypophosphatemia in Adolescent Cannabis User

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Open journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期13卷 496-501页

作者： Chantel johnson Michael j. thomas Michael Halata Dmitry Samsonov Department of Pediatrics Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital/Westchester Medical Center Health Network Valhalla NY USA Department of Pediatrics New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital/Westchester Medical Center Health Network Valhalla NY USA Boston Children’s Health Physicians Hawthorne NY USA Department of Pediatric Nephrology Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital/Westchester Medical Center Health Network Valhalla NY USA

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) involves cyclical nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain linked to use of cannabis with resolution of symptoms upon cessation of cannabinoids. Although electrolyte disturbances, fluid imbalances, and nutritional deficiencies are known complications of CHS in the setting of intractable vomiting, severe hypophosphatemia is a rare clinical phenomenon cited primarily in the adult literature. Pediatric cases are scarcer, thus the magnitude associated with our patient case describes an adolescent diagnosed with CHS complicated by recurrent severe hypophosphatemia. As cannabis accessibility and potential for abuse increase with the wave of legalization seen at the state level, clinician awareness is needed for such adverse entities related to cannabinoid toxicity.

关键词： Cannabinoid Toxicity Hyperemesis

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Semi-transparent,flexible,and electrically conductive silicon mesh by capillarity-driven welding of vapor-liquid-solid-grown nanowires over large areas

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1465-1471页

作者： thomas A.Celano Seokhyoung Kim David j.Hill james F.Cahoon Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-3290USA

Bottom-up synthesis of semiconductor nanowires(NWs)by the vapor-liquid-solid(VLS)mechanism has enabled diverse technological applications for these *** metallic NWs,however,it has been challenging to form large-area interconnected NW ***,we generate centimeter-scale meshes of mechanically and electrically interconnected Si NWs by sequentially growing,collapsing,and joining the NWs using a capillarity-driven welding *** fabricate meshes from VLS-grown NWs ranging in diameter from 20 to 100 nm and find that the meshes are three-dimensional with a thickness ranging from^1 to^10 microns depending on the NW *** extinction measurements reveal that the networks are semi-transparent with a color that depends on the absorption and scattering characteristics of individual ***,active voltage contrast imaging of both centimeter-and micron-scale meshes reveals widespread electrical *** a sacrificial layer,we demonstrate that the mesh can be liberated from the growth substrate,yielding a highly flexible and transparent *** transport measurements both on the growth substrate and on liberated,flexible films reveal electrical conduction across a centimeter scale with a sheet resistance of^160-180 kΩ/square that does not change significantly upon *** the ability to encode complex functionality in semiconductor NWs through the VLS process,we believe these meshes of networked NWs could find application as neuromorphic memory,electrode scaffolds,and bioelectronic interfaces.

关键词： semiconductor nanowire conductive network flexible electronics welding thermal annealing active-voltage contrast

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